Mtumiaji:DONALD MAHAMBA
CHEMISTRY
- Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter.
OR. Is the branch of science which deals with the study composition and decomposition of matter.
MATTER
Is anything which has got mass and occupy space.
STATES OF MATTER
There are three common states of matter, namely:
(i) SOLID STATES e.g. Stone, Chalk
(ii) LIQUID STATES e.g. Water, kerosene
(iii) GASEOUS STATES e.g. Oxygen and Corbondioxide
The people who study chemistry are called CHEMISTS. And those who studied chemistry in ancient times are known as ALCHEMISTS.
APPLICATIONS OF CHEMISTRY
1. Body
Body is made up of chemical compounds, which are combinations of elements.
Probably know body is mostly water, which is hydrogen and oxygen,
2. Health Care and Beauty:
The diagnostic tests carried out in laboratories, the prognostic estimations, medical prescriptions, pills, the vaccines, the antibiotics play very vital role in health monitoring, control of diseases and in alleviating the sufferings of the humanity.
3. Industries and Transport:
From cloth mills, lather factories, petro-chemical industries and refineries to metal industries- all use numerous fuels for power generation and chemical products for processing their product and improve the equality and simultaneously produce pollution.
Now-a-days chemical effluent treatment plants use chemicals to control or neutralist he hazardous impact of pollutants produced by the industries.
Aviation and shipping industries generate power through power plants which burn fuels. Petrol and diesel emit out green house gases dangerous for the survival on earth which damage the ozone layer that protects us from UV rays. As a result global warming has taken place which is a destroyer of the planet earth.
But again Chemistry paves the way with bio-fuels.
4. Food Security and Agriculture: The famous green revolution to increase agricultural produce so as to ensure food security was triggered by the advent of inorganic fertilizers. Since then fertilizers are extensively used by farmers to restore the fertility of soil in the fields. Pesticides are used to protect the crop during farming and preserve the grains from pests, rats and mice during storage.
5. Science and Technology:
- The destructive effects of Atom Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Generations in Japan have suffered the devastation and there has-been no solace.
- The threat of weapons of mass-destruction (WMDs) like the Nuclear, Chemical and Biological weapons looms large on the Humanity.
- Nuclear reactors which are going to serve the future generations through power generation leave us with the problem of Nuclear Waste Management.
6. Cooking
- Chemistry explains how food changes as we cook it, how it rots, how to preserve food, how our body uses the food eats, and how ingredients interact to make food.
7. Cleaning
We use chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes, laundry, yourself, and your home. We use chemistry when use bleaches and disinfectants and even ordinary soap and water. How do they work? That's chemistry!
8. Medicine
- It is very need to understand basic chemistry so that we can understand how vitamins, supplements, and drugs can help or harm us. Part of the importance’s of chemistry lies in developing and testing new medical treatments and medicines.
9. Environmental Issues
- Chemistry is the heart of environmental issues. What makes one chemical a nutrient and another chemical a pollutant? How we can clean up the environment? What processes can produce the things our need without harming the environment? We're all chemists. - We use chemicals every day and perform chemical reactions without thinking much about them.
- Chemistry is important because everything you do is chemistry! Even our body is made of chemicals. Chemical reactions occur when we breathe, eat, or just sit there reading.
- All matter is made of chemicals, so the importance of chemistry is that it's the study of everything.
PRODUCTS MADE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF CHEMISTRY FIELD PRODUCTS
1.Agriculture Fertilizers, pesticides, weed killers, animal vaccines.
2.Medicine Drugs, Vaccines, Food supplements.
3.Home care and Cosmetics industry Detergents, Beauty products, soaps, Shoe polish, tooth paste, disinfectants, Insecticides.
4.Food and Beverage industry Soft drinks, Common salts, Yeast, Baking powder, Canned food.
5.Manufacturing Industry Paints, Chemicals, Varnishes, Cement, Plastics.
6.Textile Industry Clothes, Dyes
7.Transport Fuels, Lubricants, Oil, Grease, Coolants, Tires.
THE IMPORTANCES OF STUDYING CHEMISTRY IN OUR DAILY LIFE
For all living things to function and survived their bodies perform various chemical processes.
Some of those processes include; respiration, digestion, producing new cell, filtering and releasing of waste substances from their bodies, reproduction, etc. so all living things depend on chemical reactions to function and survived.
Chemistry is the foundation of medicine. Human being use chemical reactions to create medication for a broad spectrum of illness and/ or they utilize medicinal plants and animals.
Chemical reactions takes place in plants and animals, this result in the formation of substances in some plants and animals that can be used to treat illness. Chemistry is important to everyday life, because it provides medicine.
The food we consume each day comes directly from chemical processes. So without chemistry we and our domesticated animals would have no food (yes no home cook meals, fast food, animal feed, etc.). We would also have no food flavoring and coloring to put on our food.
Chemistry is needed for the continual advancement of technology. By using the principles of chemistry we are able to extract different types of metals and also create different types of plastics. Plastics and metals are used in all aspect of society; from the office, housing industry, transportation industry (car, train, etc.), power industry, manufacturing industry to the food industry. The metals and plastics created are used to build electronic devices (phones, tablets, etc.), cars, lab equipment’s, hospital equipment’s, etc..