Tazama chanzo cha Kumfuasa Yesu Kristo

[[image:Thomas à Kempis - De Imitatione Christi.gif|thumb|[[Maandishi]] asili: ''De Imitatione Christi''. Koninklijke Bibliotheek, [[Brussel]], [[Ubelgiji]].]]
'''''Kumfuasa Yesu Kristo''''' ni [[kitabu]] maarufu katika [[Ukristo]] kilichoandikwa na [[Thomas wa Kempis]] miaka [[1418]]-[[1427]] hivi<ref name=espin >''An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies'' by Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff 2007 ISBN 0-8146-5856-3 page 609</ref> kwa kufuata mfumo wa kiroho wa [[Devotio Moderna]]<ref>{{cite book | author =John H. Van Engen | year=1988 | title=Devotio Moderna| publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-2962-1 | pages=7–12}}</ref>. 

Labda ndicho kitabu kinachosomwa zaidi na [[Wakristo]] tangu kilichotungwa, baada ya [[Biblia]] tu<ref name=Miola>{{Harvnb|Miola|2007|p=285}}</ref><ref name=Cathency >[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07674c.htm Catholic encyclopedia: ''Imitation of Christ'']</ref><ref name="Keen">{{Harvnb|Keen|2004|p=175}}</ref>. Kufikia [[mwaka]] [[1650]] kilikuwa kimechapwa tayari mara 745 katika [[tafsiri]] mbalimbali<ref>{{cite book|last=von Habsburg |first=Maximilian| title=Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi, 1425-1650: from Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller|year=2011|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=9780754667650|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BppyUmrY5QC}}</ref><ref name=WPAnd >''A Journey Through Christian Theology'' by William P Anderson and Richard L. Diesslin 2000 ISBN 0-8006-3220-6 page 98</ref>.

Kutoka [[lugha]] [[asili]] ya [[Kilatini]] (''De Imitatione Christi'') kiliwahi kutafsiriwa na [[Waanglikana]] kwa [[Kiswahili]] na hadi leo kinasomwa na waumini wengi wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali.

Hicho si kitabu cha [[teolojia]], bali [[maisha]] halisi ambayo mtu aliyevutiwa na [[ukamilifu]] aliyaandika siku kwa siku kutokana na [[sala]] yake, pengine ya shida, pengine ya [[mwanga]] na [[utamu]] wa kimbingu. “Kina [[uzuri]] na [[nguvu]] ambavyo vinagusa na kutikisa na kuvutia sana [[Moyo|mioyo]] dhaifu, isiyojali na hata isiyo na [[imani]]. Lakini walengwa asili si wakosefu, wala wanaoanza; kinadai wasomaji wawe wameendelea kiasi fulani katika [[uadilifu]]. Kinachotaka si kidogo, bali ni kutuinua tuzame katika [[mafumbo]] na kupata [[faraja]] za ndani za maisha ya muungano. Kwa kweli kuzama katika sala na kuungana kwa ndani na Mungu ndiko shabaha, lengo na haja ya dhati ya [[roho]] yetu, inayoweza kuona [[amani]] na pumziko ndani ya Mungu tu. Ndiyo sababu kila anayekisoma, hata akikosa kabisa ukamilifu na kukielewa kidogo tu, anaonja utamu wenye faraja asioweza kujielezea: kwa kuwa kinadokeza hiyo amani na hilo pumziko na kuelekeza roho iungane na [[wema]] mkuu” (pd. Dumas).

==Kumfuasa Yesu Kristo kinalenga mafumbo==
[[Ujuzi]] wa kifumbo wa Mungu ni ule unaopatikana kwa kuzingatia mambo si kwa akili, wala kwa [[imani]] tupu, bali kwa [[uvuvio]] maalumu wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]] katika [[sala ya kumiminiwa]]. “Ni ujuzi wa Mungu ambao unakaribia kuwa mang’amuzi” ([[Thoma wa Akwino]]) “Unatokana na athari ya Mungu ambayo inaifundisha roho kwa [[siri]] na kwa ukamilifu wa [[upendo]], yenyewe isielewe hata ni [[kitu]] gani” ([[Yohane wa Msalaba]]).

“Kumfuasa Yesu Kristo” hakikomi kuhimiza [[unyenyekevu]], kujikana na [[usikivu]], ambavyo vinaandaa kumiminiwa sala hiyo na kuungana na Mungu: “Nimechoka kusoma na kusikia mengi mara kwa mara. Kwako napata yote ambayo nayatamani na kuyapenda. [[Wataalamu]] wote wanyamaze; viumbe vyote vikae [[kimya]] mbele yako. Wewe peke yako unifundishe! Kama mtu amezoea kujikusanya kwa ndani na kuwa mnyofu, ataelewa mambo mengi makuu pasipo shida; kwa sababu [[akili]] yake inaangazwa na mwanga wa juu” (I,3:1-3).

“Mtu gani ni huru kuliko asiye na [[tamaa]] duniani? Kwa hiyo ni lazima nipae juu ya viumbe vyote, na kujiachilia kabisa, niangalie mambo ya Mungu na kufahamu kwamba wewe [[Muumba]] hufanani na kiumbe chochote… [[Elimu]] ya mtu aliyejifunza kwa [[kazi]] yake ni tofauti sana na [[hekima]] ambayo mtu amepewa na Mungu katika sala. Hekima hiyo imetoka juu; ndiyo kazi ya mwangazo wa Mungu; ni bora sana kuliko elimu iliyopatikana kwa mtu kujisumbua akili yake. Wapo wengi wanaotamani miangazo ya roho, lakini hawapendi kujitendea yaliyopaswa kwa hali hiyo. Watu hao huzuiwa sana, kwa sababu hupenda mambo ya ajabu na kusikia utamu, bila kujitesa na kujikana barabara” (III,31:1-3).

Mbele [[Bwana]] anasema, “Ndimi ninayemuelimisha mnyenyekevu kwa [[dakika]] moja tu ajue [[ukweli]] wa [[milele]] vema sana, kuliko kwa kufundishwa na [[mwalimu]] mwingine miaka kumi. Mimi nafundisha bila mshindo wa maneno, bila kubishana kwa fujo, bila kutafuta sifa, bila kushindana. Ndimi nifundishaye kudharau malimwengu na kutupa [[furaha]] za sasa, kutaka mambo ya milele na kuyapenda, kuepa sifa za watu, kuvumilia dharau, kunitumikia mimi, kunipenda mimi peke yangu kwa moyo wote na kutotaka kitu ila mimi tu” (III,43:2). Sala ya kumiminiwa inayozungumziwa na kitabu hicho ni [[neema]] ya juu, lakini imo katika njia ya kawaida ya [[utakatifu]]; inatangazwa kuwa ya kutamaniwa kuliko yote: “Ndiyo niombayo, ndiyo nipendayo: tuungane kabisa sisi… nijifunze kuonja mambo ya [[mbinguni]] na ya milele… Ee Bwana Mungu, siku gani nitaungana nawe kabisa kama kuzama ndani mwako hata kujisahau? Wewe ndani mwangu, mimi ndani mwako; nipe tukae hivi sikuzote” (IV,13:1).

==Masharti, yaani juhudi zinazodaiwa==
Kwa ajili hiyo, kitabu hicho kinadai hasa kujikana na unyenyekevu: “Ujifunze kuzivunja nia zako, ukakubali kutumikia kwa kila namna. Piga vita motomoto upate kujishinda, wala usikubali jipu la majivuno kuvimba rohoni mwako. Ujifanye mdogo na mnyenyekevu mpaka watu wote waweze kutembea juu yako wakukanyage kama takataka ya njiani” (III,13:2-3). Kujikana hivyo ni kufisha [[umimi]] ili kuwa [[mali]] ya Mungu, ni kutojifanya tena lengo la yote ili kumlenga yeye mfululizo. “Mwanangu, ukitaka kupewa yote, ni sharti utoe yote bila kubakiza chochote kiwe mali yako” (III,27:1): hapo utapata amani ya ndani.

[[Usafi wa moyo]] na nia nyofu inayomlenga Mungu tu vinamuandaa mtu kumiminiwa sala inayomfanya ajiaminishe kwake na kuungana naye: “Naomba [[huruma]] yako hata unijalie neema moja iliyo bora, yaani moyo wangu mgumu ulainike kabisa mbele yako, nijae upendo wako nisijitafutie tena kitulizo chochote kwingine” (IV,4:2). Hapo tunaelewa matokeo mazuri ajabu ya upendo wa Mungu ambao “huchukua mzigo pasipo kuona uzito, hugeuza machungu yote kuwa matamu na mazuri… huelekeza kutenda makubwa, na kutamani makubwa zaidi… Hakuna kitamu kushinda upendo, wala chenye nguvu, wala cha ubora, wala kikubwa, wala kipendevu, wala kamili, wala kitimilifu duniani na mbinguni ila upendo tu. Upendo unatoka kwa Mungu, hauwezi kutulia isipokuwa kwa Mungu peke yake” (III,5:3). Kwa mtu aliyebandukana na yote na asiyejifanya tena lengo la chochote, muungano ndio tunda la kuzama katika wema mkuu.

Hivyo “Kumfuasa Yesu Kristo” kinaelekeza si kufanya juhudi tu, bali pia kuzama katika mafumbo, yaani kutimiza [[maadili]] ili kujaliwa muungano na Bwana. Maneno yake juu ya kuzama katika wema wa Mungu yanawafaa wote, mradi wakubali kufuata njia ya unyenyekevu, ya kujikana, ya kusali mfululizo na ya kuwa wasikivu kwa [[Roho Mtakatifu]].


==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist}}

==Marejeo==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|last=Creasy|first=William C.|title=The Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis: A New Reading of the 1441 Latin Autograph Manuscript|year=2007|publisher=[[Mercer University Press]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JI7AA0GAbUgC|isbn=9780881460971}}
*{{cite book|last=Easwaran|first=Eknath|author-link=Eknath Easwaran|title=Seeing with the Eyes of Love: Eknath Easwaran on the Imitation of Christ|url=https://archive.org/details/seeingwitheyesof0000easw|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Nilgiri Press|isbn=978-0-915132-87-4}}
* {{cite journal|last=Gwynn|first=Aubrey|title=New Light on the Imitation of Christ|journal=Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review|date=March 1940|volume=29|issue=113|pages=84–94|jstor=30097827}}
*{{cite book|author-link=Ralph Keen|last=Keen|first=Ralph|title=The Christian tradition|year=2004|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-090461-4|pages=400|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=9WzOTenkN42HrAfdjbnCCg}}
* {{cite book|last=Miola|first=Robert S.|title=Early modern Catholicism: an anthology of primary sources|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-925985-4|pages=285|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fxWcVSWY_3IC}}
*{{cite journal|last=Mathews|first=Shailer|author-link=Shailer Mathews|title=The Imitation of Jesus|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biblical-world_1905-12_26_6/page/455|journal=The Biblical World|year=1905|volume=26|issue=6|pages=455–458|jstor=3140876|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|doi=10.1086/473678|s2cid=144326257}}
*{{cite journal|last=Sherlock|first=William|title=The Imitation of Christ|journal=The Irish Church Quarterly|year=1908|volume=1|issue=1|pages=24–38|jstor=30066864|doi=10.2307/30066864|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449705}}
* {{cite book|last=Tylenda|first=Joseph N.|title=The Imitation of Christ|year=1998|publisher=Vintage Spiritual Classics|isbn=978-0-375-70018-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/imitationofchris00thom_2/page/288 288]|url=https://archive.org/details/imitationofchris00thom_2/page/288}}
* {{cite book|last=Balthasar |first=Hans Urs von | title=The Glory of the Lord V: The Realm of Metaphysics in the Modern Age|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0898702477|pages=103–104}}
* {{cite book|last=Girard |first=Rene | title=I See Satan Fall Like Lightning|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1570753190|pages=13}}
* {{cite book|last=Nietzsche |first=Friedrich | title=Twilight of the Idols|year=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-01688-9|pages=193}}
{{refend}}
* {{cite book|last=von Habsburg |first=Maximilian| title=Catholic and Protestant Translations of the Imitatio Christi, 1425-1650: from Late Medieval Classic to Early Modern Bestseller|year=2011|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=9780754667650|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BppyUmrY5QC}}

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Wikiquote|Thomas à Kempis}}
{{Wikisource|The Imitation of Christ|''The Imitation of Christ''}}
*{{cite web|title=''L'Imitation de Jesus-Christ'' - 1659 printed copy|url=http://www.cyclopaedia.org/1659/imitation.html|publisher=Cyclopaedia.org|access-date=14 May 2011}}
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/kempis.html ''The Imitation of Christ''], in Latin, at The Latin Library
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* {{gutenberg|no=1653|name=The Imitation of Christ}}, in English, translated by [[William Benham]], 1905
* [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Of_the_Imitation_of_Christ ''Of the Imitation of Christ''] Wikisource 
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[[Jamii:Maisha ya kiroho]]
[[Jamii:Ukristo]]
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[[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kilatini]]