Tazama chanzo cha Ishmaeli

[[Image:Navez Agar et Ismaël.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Agari na Ishmaeli jangwani kadiri ya [[François-Joseph Navez]].]]
'''Ishmaeli''' (au '''Ismaili''', kwa [[Kiebrania]] יִשְׁמָעֵאל, Yišmāʻēl: kwa [[Kiarabu]] إسماعيلʾ, Ismāʿīl) alikuwa mtoto wa kwanza wa [[Abrahamu]] (au Ibrahimu) na [[Hagari]] (au Hajiri) kadiri ya [[Biblia]] <ref>[[Mwa]] 16:3</ref>na ya [[Kurani]].

==Ishmaeli katika Biblia==
[[Mungu]] alikuwa amemuahidia Abrahamu uzao mkubwa kama [[nyota]] za mbinguni, naye akaamini ingawa alikuwa hajapata hata mtoto mmoja: ndiyo [[imani]] iliyompendeza sana Mungu (Mwa 15:1-6).

Lakini Abrahamu alizidi kuzeeka pamoja na [[Sara]] bila ya kuzaa watoto. Baada ya kusubiri muda mrefu mno Sara akamwambia azaliane na [[Hagari]] aliye mtumishi wa kike. Mwana huyu wa Hagar akaitwa Ishmaeli (Mwa 16:1-15). Lakini baadaye kukawa na [[fitina]] kati ya Sara na Hagari hivyo huyo akafukuzwa pamoja na mtoto, baada ya Sara pia akashika mimba na kumzaa mtoto [[Isaka]].

Mwa 21:1-21 inatusimulia jinsi Mungu alivyotimiza ahadi yake kwa kumjalia Sara amzalie Abrahamu mtoto huyo katika uzee na utasa. Isaka ni mtoto wa imani, si wa mwili, naye ni huru, tofauti na Ishmaeli mtoto wa mtumwa ambaye hastahili kurithi pamoja na mdogo wake. Isaka, baba wa Israeli alipata baraka kuu, naye ni mfano wetu watu wa Agano Jipya. Ishmaeli alibarikiwa pia kwa ajili ya baba yake, naye ni mfano wa [[Agano la Kale]] ambapo watu wanategemea mambo ya kimwili ([[kutahiriwa]], kunawa, kubagua vyakula n.k.) na hivyo ni watumwa ([[Gal]] 4:21-5:1).

Kadiri ya [[kitabu cha Mwanzo]] alishiriki pamoja na mdogo wake [[Isaka]] [[mazishi]] ya [[baba]] yake akafariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 137.<ref>Mwa 25:17</ref> 

Ishmaeli alizaa watoto wa kiume 12 ambao wanahesabiwa mwanzo wa [[Waarabu]], hasa wale wa Kaskazini.

==Ishmaeli katika Uislamu==
[[File:Abraham ready to sacrifice his son, Ishmael (top); Abraham cast into fire by Nimrod (bottom).jpg|thumb|Abrahamu akiwa tayari kumchinja Ishmael (upande wa juu wa mchoro mdogo wa [[karne ya 16]] katika ''Zubdat Al-Tawarikh'').]]
Ishmaeli anahesabiwa [[nabii]] muhimu  na [[babu]] wa [[Muhammad]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]].

Ingawa [[Kurani]] haitaji jina la mtoto ambaye Abrahamu alikuwa tayari kumchinjia Mungu, wanazuoni walifikia makubaliano kwamba alikuwa Ishmaeli, si Isaka.

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Marejeo==
; Books and journals
*{{cite book | last=Metzger | first=Bruce M | coauthors=Michael D Coogan  | title=The Oxford Companion To The Bible | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458 | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1993| isbn=978-0-19-504645-8}}
*{{cite journal | last=Nikaido| first=S.| title=Hagar and Ishmael as Literary Figures: An Intertextual Study | journal=[[Vetus Testamentum]] | volume=51 | year=2001 | doi=10.1163/156853301300102110 | page=219 | issue=2}}
*{{cite book | last=Werblowsky| first=R.J. Zwi | coauthors=Geoffrey Wigoder  | title=The Oxford Dictionary of Jewish Religion | url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00werb| publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1997| isbn=0-19-508605-8}}
*{{cite book | last=Quinn| first=Daniel  | title=Ishmael| publisher=Bantam Dell Pub Group | year=1993| isbn=0-553-56166-9}}

; Encyclopedias
*{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Hubert Cancik | editor2=Helmuth Schneider | encyclopedia=Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World: Antiquity | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=2005|  isbn=978-90-04-12270-3}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Paul Lagasse, Lora Goldman, Archie Hobson, Susan R. Norton | encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia | publisher=Gale Group | year=2000 | edition=6th | isbn=978-1-59339-236-9}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | editor=John Bowden | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=2005| edition=1st | isbn=0-19-522393-4}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | editor=P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] Online | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | issn=1573-3912}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Lindsay Jones | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion| publisher=MacMillan Reference Books| year=2005| edition=2nd | isbn=978-0-02-865733-2}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=The New Encyclopædia Britannica | publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated; Rev Ed edition | year=2005 | isbn=978-1-59339-236-9}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | editor=Jane Dammen McAuliffe | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of the Qur'an]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=2005 | isbn=978-90-04-12356-4}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/adam_gen/intro.html Genealogy from Adam to the Twelve Tribes]
*[http://www.islam101.com/history/people/prophets/Ismael.htm Ishmael in Islam] {{Wayback|url=http://www.islam101.com/history/people/prophets/Ismael.htm |date=20140828024812 }}
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=277&letter=I&search=Ishmael ''The Jewish Encyclopedia'': Ishmael].
*[http://www.anchorite.org/blog/2006/07/31/biographical-study-on-ishmael/ Biographical Study on Ishmael] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anchorite.org/blog/2006/07/31/biographical-study-on-ishmael/ |date=20070104064710 }}
*{{CathEncy|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Ismael|title=Ismael}}
*[http://bahai9.com/Ishmael Ishmael in Bahá'í Faith] {{Wayback|url=http://bahai9.com/Ishmael |date=20081226090138 }}

{{mbegu-mtu-Biblia}}

[[Category:Watu wa Biblia]]
[[Category:Watu wa Kurani]]
[[Category:Manabii katika Uislamu]]