Tazama chanzo cha Hip hop

[[Picha:DJ Hypnotize and Baby Cee.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Ma DJ wa muziki wa Hiphop wakitengeneza muziki]]
'''Hip hop''' ni aina ya [[muziki]] unaoelezea aina ya [[usanii]] na [[utamaduni]] uliyotokana na jamii ya [[Wamarekani Weusi]] na [[Walatino]] kunako [[miaka ya 1970]] [[mji|mjini]] [[New York City]], hasa katika [[kitongoji]] cha [[Bronx]].<ref name=chang>{{cite book |title= Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation|last= Chang |first= Jeff |authorlink= Jeff Chang (journalist) |coauthors=DJ Kool Herc |year= 2005 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn= 031230143X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Castillo-Garstow|first=Melissa|title=Latinos in Hip Hop to Reggaeton|journal=Latin Beat Magazine|date=1|year=2005|month=Machi|volume=15|issue=2|pages=24(4)|accessdate=28 Julai 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Rojas|first=Sal|title=Estados Unidos Latin Lingo|journal=Zona de Obras|year=2007|issue=47|page=68|location=Zaragoza, Spain}}</ref> 

DJ [[Afrika Bambaataa]] alieleza kwa [[muhtasari]] wa [[nguzo]] nne za utamaduni wa Hip hop: [[MCing|U-MC]], U-DJ, [[breaking (dancing)|breaking]] na [[graffiti|uandikaji wa graffiti]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Born in the Bronx |last=Kugelberg |first=Johan |year=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7893-1540-3 |page=17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Lauren |title=Hip to the Game – Dance World vs. Music Industry, The Battle for Hip Hop’s Legacy |publisher=Movmnt Magazine |date=18 Februari 2009 |url=http://www.movmnt.com/monsters-of-hip-hop-2_003332.html |accessdate=2009-07-30 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5q4R2fdYi?url=http://www.movmnt.com/monsters-of-hip-hop-2_003332.html |archivedate=2010-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip Hop Generation |url=https://archive.org/details/cantstopwontstop00chan |last=Chang |first=Jeff |authorlink=Jeff Chang (journalist) |year=2005 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=0-312-30143-X |page=[https://archive.org/details/cantstopwontstop00chan/page/90 90]}}</ref>

Elementi nyingine ni pamoja na [[beatboxing]].<ref name="History">[http://www.burkinanyc.com/coollinks.html THE HISTORY OF HIP HOP] {{Wayback|url=http://www.burkinanyc.com/coollinks.html |date=20090411120145 }} Retrieved on 27 Agosti 2011</ref>

==Uenezi==
Kwa vile imeibukia kutoka mjini [[South Bronx]], utamaduni wa Hip hop umeenea [[dunia]] nzima.<ref>{{cite news | last = Rosen | first = Jody| authorlink = Jody Rosen | title = A Rolling Shout-Out to Hip-Hop History |work=The New York Times| page = 32| date = 2006-02-12 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/arts/music/12rose.html?pagewanted=3| accessdate = 2009-03-10}}</ref> 

[[Muziki wa hip hop]] awali ulianzishwa na Ma-DJ waliokuwa wanatengeneza midundo kwa kutumia mtindo wa kurudirudia na kusimama (hasa katika visehemu vidogo vya muziki wa kusisitiza mwelekeo wa kigongoma) kwenye turntable mbili, hasa hujulikana kama kusampo muziki.

Hii baadaye ikaja kusindikizwa na "rap", mtindo wa wizani unaotoa maneno au mashairi yaliyo kwenye vipimo vya mstari ulalo wa nota 16 katika fremu ya muda, ikiwa sambamba na  beatboxing, maujanja ya sauti hutumika hasa katika kugezea mfumo wa midundo na elementi za muziki mbalimbali na mautundu na vionjo kadhaa kutoka kwa Ma-DJ wa hip hop.

Muundo kamili wa kudansi na staili kadha wa kadha za mavazi zimezua mashabiki miongoni mwao katika muziki mpya. Elementi hizi zimeonesha mabadiliko ya na maendeleo kadha wa kadha katika historia ya utamaduni huu. Baadhi ya miziki ya hip-Hop hutoa maelezo ya kisiasa.

Mahusiano baina ya graffiti na utamaduni wa hip hop unatokana mionekano mipya tofauti iliyoongeza ufafanuzi wa kina na uenezi tofauti wa kivitendo ambapo kwingine walichukulia elementi ya hip hop kama sehemu ya sanaa, kukiwa na mpitilizo mkubwa baina ya hao wanaondika graffiti na hao wanaotenda elementi zingine za hip hop kivyao. Leo hii, graffiti imebakiwa kuwa sehemu ya hip hop, wakati kwa upande wa sanaa imechukua eneo kubwa katika masuala ya picha na michoro katika maeneosho mbalimbali duniani kote.

==Tanbihi==
{{Marejeo}}
* Huntington, Carla Stalling. ''Hip Hop Dance; Meanings and Messages''. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company Publishers, Inc.

==Marejeo==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book | editor-last = Ahearn | editor-first = Charlie| editor-link = Charlie Ahearn (director)| editor2-last = Fricke | editor2-first = Jim |title = Yes Yes Y'All: The Experience Music Project Oral History of Hip Hop's First Decade| url = https://archive.org/details/yesyesyallexperi0000fric | publisher=[[Da Capo Press]]| year = 2002| location = New York City, NY | isbn = 0306811847}}
* {{Cite book | last = Campbell| first = Clive| authorlink = DJ Kool Herc| last2 = Chang| first2 = Jeff | authorlink2 = Jeff Chang (journalist)| title = [[Can't Stop Won't Stop|Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation]]| publisher=[[Picador]]| year = 2005| location = New York City, NY| isbn = 0312425791}}
* {{Cite journal| last = Chang| first = Jeff| title = It's a Hip-hop World| journal = [[Foreign Policy]]| issue = 163| pages = 58–65| date = Novemba–Desemba 2007| url = http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3994| ref = harv| access-date = 2011-12-15| archive-date = 2007-11-02| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102045611/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3994| dead-url = yes}}
* {{Cite book| last = Corvino| first = Daniel| last2 = Livernoche| first2 = Shawn| title = A Brief History of Rhyme and Bass: Growing Up With Hip Hop| publisher=[[Xlibris Corporation]]| year = 2000| location = Tinicum, PA| isbn = 1401028519}}
* {{Cite book| last = Diawara| first = Manthia| authorlink = Manthia Diawara| title = In Search of Africa| url = https://archive.org/details/insearchofafrica00diaw| publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]| year = 1998| location = Cambridge, MA| isbn = 0674446119}}
* {{Cite journal| last = Gordon| first = Lewis R.| authorlink = Lewis Gordon| title = The Problem of Maturity in Hip Hop| journal=Review of Education, Pedagogy and Cultural Studies| volume = 27| issue = 4| pages = 367–389| date = Oktoba/Desemba 2005| doi = 10.1080/10714410500339020| ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book| last = Kelly| first = Robin D. G.| authorlink = Robin D. G. Kelley| title = [[Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class]]| publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]| year = 1994| location = New York City, NY | isbn = 0684826399}}
* {{Cite book| last = Kitwana| first = Bakari| title = The Hip-Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture| publisher=[[Perseus Books Group]]| year = 2002| location = New York City, NY| isbn = 0465029795}}
* {{Cite book| last = Kitwana| first = Bakari | title = Why White Kids Love Hip Hop: Wankstas, Wiggers, Wannabes and the New Reality of Race in America| url = https://archive.org/details/whywhitekidslove00kitw_0| publisher=Basic Civitas Books| year = 2005| location = New York City, NY| isbn = 0465037461}}
* {{Cite journal| last = Kolbowski | first = Silvia| title = Homeboy Cosmopolitan | journal=[[October (journal)|October]]| issue = 83| page = 51| date = Winter 1998| ref = harv}}
* {{Cite book| editor-last = Light| editor-first = Alan| editor-link = Alan Light (journalist)| title = The VIBE History of Hip-Hop| url = https://archive.org/details/vibehistoryofhip00ligh| publisher=[[Three Rivers Press]]| year = 1999 | edition = 1st| location = New York City, NY | isbn = 0609805037}}
* {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02821.x| last = McLeod| first = Kembrew| authorlink = Kembrew McLeod| title = Authenticity Within Hip-Hop and Other Cultures Threatened with Assimilation| journal = Journal of Communication| volume = 49| issue = 4| pages = 134–150| date = Autumn 1999| url = http://kembrew.com/documents/Publications-pdfs/McLeod-Authenticity.pdf| format = PDF 1448.9&nbsp;[[Kilobyte|KB]]| ref = harv| access-date = 2011-12-15| archive-date = 2009-03-18| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090318162622/http://kembrew.com/documents/Publications-pdfs/McLeod-Authenticity.pdf| dead-url = yes}}
* {{Cite book| last = Nelson | first = George | title = Hip-Hop America| publisher=[[Penguin Books]] | year = 2005| edition = 2nd | location = St. Louis, MO| isbn = 0140280227}}
* {{Cite book| last = Ogbar| first = Jeffrey O. G. | title = Hip-Hop Revolution: The Culture and Politics of Rap | url = https://archive.org/details/hiphoprevolution0000ogba| publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]]| year = 2007 | location = Lawrence, KS | isbn = 9780700615476}}
* {{Cite book | last = Perkins | first = William E.| title = Droppin' Science: Critical Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture| publisher=[[Temple University Press]] | year = 1995| location = Philadelphia, PA| isbn = 1566393620}}
* {{Cite book | last = Ro| first = Ronin | title = Bad Boy: The Influence of Sean "Puffy" Combs on the Music Industry| url = https://archive.org/details/badboyinfluenceo0000roro| publisher=[[Pocket Books]] | year = 2001 | location = New York City, NY | isbn = 0743428234}}
* {{Cite book | last = Rose | first = Tricia | title = Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America| publisher=[[Wesleyan University Press]]| year = 1994 | location = Middletown, CT| isbn = 0819562750}}
* {{Cite book | last = Shapiro| first = Peter | authorlink = Peter Shapiro (journalist)| title = Rough Guide to Hip Hop| publisher=[[Rough Guides]] | year = 2007 | edition = 2nd | location = London, UK | isbn = 1843532638}}
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* {{Cite book| last = Toop| first = David| authorlink = David Toop | title = Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop| publisher=[[Serpent's Tail]]| year = 1991 | edition = 2nd | location = New York City, NY | isbn = 1852422432}}
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* Gueraseva, Stacy. Def Jam Inc. New York: Random House, 2005
* Brown, Jake. Suge Knight: The Rise, fall, and Rise of Death Row Records. Phoenix: Colossus Books, 2002.
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{{Refend}}

==Tazama pia==
* [[Lango:Hip hop|Lango la Hip Hop]]

==Viungo vya Nje==
{{Commons category|Hip hop music|Hip-hop music}}
{{Wiktionary|hip-hop}}
{{Wikiquote|Hip hop music|Hip-hop music}}
* {{dmoz|Society/Subcultures/Hip-Hop}}
{{Hip hop}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hip hop}}
[[Jamii:Wamarekani Weusi]]
[[Jamii:Hip hop| ]]