Tazama chanzo cha Hawaii

[[Picha:Hermann A. Widemann and family, ca. 1850s.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Mchanganyiko wa familia ya Kihawai / Ulaya na Amerika huko Honolulu, 1860s ]]
{{Infobox settlement
|jina_rasmi               = Hawaii
|picha_ya_satelite        = Hawaii Islands2.png
|maelezo_ya_picha         = Mahali pa Hawaii katika [[Pasifiki]]
|picha_ya_bendera         = Flag of Hawaii.svg
|ukubwa_ya_bendera        = 100px
|picha_ya_nembo           = Seal of the State of Hawaii.svg
|ukubwa_ya_nembo          = 80px
|settlement_type          = [[Majimbo ya Marekani|Jimbo]]
|native_name              =
|nickname                 =
|subdivision_type         = [[Madola|Nchi]]
|subdivision_name         = {{flag|Marekani}}
|subdivision_type1        =
|subdivision_name1        =
|subdivision_type2        = [[Mji mkuu]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]]
|area_total_km2           = 28311
|area_land_km2            = 16635
|area_water_km2           = 11677
|idadi_ya_wakazi_kwa_mwaka_wa =
|population_note          =
|wakazi_kwa_ujumla        =
|website                  = http://www.hawaii.gov/
}}
[[Picha:Map of Hawaii NA.png|thumb|250px|Ramani ya Hawaii]]
'''Hawaii''' (kwa [[Kihawaii]]: '''Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi''') ni [[funguvisiwa]] la [[bahari]] ya [[Pasifiki]] ambalo ni [[jimbo]] la [[Marekani]], pia ni jina la [[kisiwa]] chake kikubwa.

Hawaii ilikuwa [[ufalme]] wa [[Wapolinesia]], ikawa [[koloni]] la Marekani]] katika [[karne ya 19]] na imekuwa jimbo la Marekani tangu tarehe [[21 Agosti]] [[1959]]. 

[[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Honolulu]] kwenye kisiwa cha [[Oahu]].

== Jiografia ==
Funguvisiwa la Hawaii lina jumla ya visiwa 137 vyenye eneo la [[kilomita za mraba]] 16,649 za [[nchi kavu]]. Visiwa vilivyo vingi ni vidogo, havikaliwi na watu.

Visiwa vikubwa, kuanzia [[magharibi]] kwenda [[mashariki]], ni:
* [[Niʻihau]]
* [[Kauaʻi]]
* [[Oʻahu]]
* [[Molokaʻi]]
* [[Lānaʻi]]
* [[Kahoʻolawe]]
* [[Maui]]
* [[Hawaiʻi]]

Visiwa vyote vina asili ya ki[[volkeno]]. [[Mlima]] [[Mauna Kea]] ni [[volkeno]] ndefu kabisa [[dunia]]ni yenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 4201 [[juu ya UB]] lakini inaanza chini ya [[bahari]] katika kina cha mita 5,000, hivyo kimo cha jumla ni zaidi ya mita 9,000. Volkeno ya pili ni [[Mauna Loa]] yenye [[masi]] kubwa zaidi. Mauna Loa ni [[volkeno hai]] kwenye kisiwa kikuu cha Hawaii, pamoja na mlima [[Kilauea]].

== Historia ==
Hawaii ilikaliwa na Wapolynesia waliofika kwa mitumbwi yao mikubwa. [[Jamii]] zao zilitawaliwa na [[familia]] za [[makabaila]] zilizotazamiwa kuwa za juu kuliko watu wa kawaida. [[Tabaka]] la pili la juu lilikuwa lile la ma[[kuhani]].

Kati ya miaka [[1781]] na [[1811]] [[Kamehameha I]] alifaulu kuunganisha visiwa vyote chini ya [[utawala]] wake akawa [[mfalme]] wa kwanza wa Hawaii yote.

Katika miaka ya [[karne ya 19]] iliyofuata wageni kutoka Marekani na [[Ulaya]] walianza kujenga makazi visiwani. [[Uchumi]] wa kisasa ulianzishwa kwa ma[[shamba]] ya [[miwa]] na [[uvuvi]]. 

Mwaka wa [[1842]] Marekani ikatambua [[ufalme wa Hawaii]] kama [[nchi huru]] ya kujitegemea.

[[Athira]] ya [[wafanyabiashara]] ma[[tajiri]] [[Wazungu]] ikakua. Kwa njia ya [[ghasia]] wakamlazimisha mfalme [[Kalakaua]] mwaka [[1887]] kukubali [[katiba]] iliyowapa [[haki ya kupiga kura]] matajiri pekee. Mwaka uleule Marekani ilipewa haki ya kutawala kituo cha kijeshi cha [[Pearl Harbour]].

[[Malkia]] [[Liliuokalani]] († [[1917]]) alijaribu mwaka [[1893]] kufuta katiba na kurudisha [[mamlaka]] ya wafalme lakini [[mapinduzi|alipinduliwa]] na wenye mashamba makubwa waliosaidiwa na [[wanajeshi]] wa Marekani, na [[jamhuri ya Hawaii]] ikatangazwa.

Wakati wa [[Vita ya Marekani dhidi Hispania]] [[serikali]] ya Marekani iliamua kutwaa Hawaii na kuitangaza kuwa [[mali]] ya Marekani. Baadaye visiwa vilitawaliwa kama [[koloni]] na baadaye kama eneo la kitaifa la Marekani.

Marekani iliingia katika [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] kwa [[shambulio]] la [[Japani]] dhidi ya [[manowari]] za Marekani katika [[bandari]] ya Pearl Harbour tarehe [[7 Desemba]] [[1941]].

Tarehe [[21 Agosti]] [[1959]] Hawaii imekuwa [[jimbo]] kamili la Marekani.

==Watu==
Wakazi wake ni 1,419,561 ([[2014]]), kati yao 10% ni Wahawaii asili; wengi zaidi ni [[Wazungu]], ma[[chotara]] wa aina mbalimbali, [[Wafilipino]], [[Wajapani]] n.k.

[[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiingereza]], inayozungumwa nyumbani na 75% ya wakazi, na [[Kihawaii]].

Upande wa [[dini]], wengi ni [[Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali, kuanzia [[Kanisa Katoliki]], likifuatwa na [[Wamormoni]]. Lakini [[Waprotestanti]] kwa jumla ni wengi zaidi.

==Picha==
<gallery widths=240px heights=200px>
File:Niihau sep 2007.jpg|[[Niihau|Ni{{okina}}ihau]] {{convert|70|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
File:Kauai from space oriented.jpg|[[Kauai|Kaua{{okina}}i]] {{convert|552.3|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
File:Oahu (1).jpg|[[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] {{convert|598|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
File:Maui Landsat Photo.jpg|[[Maui]] {{convert|727.3|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
File:Molokai.jpg|[[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]] {{convert|260|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
File:LanaiLandsat.jpg|[[Lanai|Lāna{{okina}}i]] {{convert|140.5|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
File:KahoolaweLandsat.jpg|[[Kahoolawe|Kaho{{okina}}olawe]] {{convert|44.6|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
File:Island of Hawai'i - Landsat mosaic.jpg|[[Hawaii (island)|Hawai{{okina}}i]] {{convert|4028.2|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}
</gallery>

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Marejeo==
* Bushnell, O. A. ''The Gifts of Civilization: Germs and Genocide in Hawai{{okina}}i.'' Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993.
* Holmes, T. Michael. ''The Specter of Communism in Hawai{{okina}}i.'' Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
* Russ Jr., William Adam. ''The Hawaiian Republic (1894-98) and Its Struggle to Win Annexation.'' Selinsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press, 1961.
* Schamel, Wynell and Charles E. Schamel. "The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawai{{okina}}i." Social Education 63, 7 (November/December 1999): 402–408.
* Stokes, John F.G. "Spaniard and the Sweet Potato in Hawai{{okina}}i and Hawaiian-American Contacts." American Anthropologist, New Series, vol. 34, no. 4 (1932) pp.&nbsp;594–600.

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons|Hawaii}}
* {{Official website|1=http://portal.ehawaii.gov/index.html}}
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/hawaii/index.html Hawaii State Guide from the Library of Congress]
* {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Hawaii}}
* [http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=15&StateName=Hawaii#.U8PzP_ldUeo Hawai{{okina}}i State Fact Sheet] from the U.S. Department of Agriculture
* [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=HI USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Hawaii]{{Wayback|url=http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=HI |date=20111219092808 }}
* [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=HI Energy Data & Statistics for Hawaii] {{Wayback|url=http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=HI |date=20080609213401 }}
* [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=15304 Satellite image of Hawaiian Islands] {{Wayback|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=15304 |date=20040404031722 }} at [[NASA]]'s [[Earth Observatory]]
* [http://eisenhower.archives.gov/research/online_documents/hawaii_statehood.html Documents relating to Hawaii Statehood, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library] {{Wayback|url=http://eisenhower.archives.gov/research/online_documents/hawaii_statehood.html |date=20150401111447 }}
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/21/opinion/21theroux.html?pagewanted=all Happily a State, Forever an Island] by ''The New York Times''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101103095527/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/50681/hawaii-then-and-now Hawai{{okina}}i Then and Now] – slideshow by ''[[Life magazine]]'' (Archived from [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/50681/hawaii-then-and-now the original] {{Wayback|url=http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/50681/hawaii-then-and-now |date=20101103095527 }} on November 3, 2010)
*[http://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/110.html Hawaiian Imprint Collection] From the [http://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/ Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress]
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{{Majimbo ya Marekani}}
{{Pasifiki}}
{{Mbegu-jio-USA}}

[[Jamii:Hawaii| ]]
[[Jamii:Majimbo ya Marekani]]