Tazama chanzo cha Chakula

[[Picha:Vegetarian diet.jpg|thumb|200px|Vyakula vyenye asili ya mimea.]]
[[Picha:FoodMeat.jpg|thumb|200px|Aina za [[nyama]].]]
'''Chakula''' ([[kifupi]] cha "kitu cha kula", kutoka [[kitenzi]] "kula") ni kile kinacholiwa na [[watu]] kwa kudumisha na kustawisha [[uhai]] wao. Ni kwamba [[mwili]] unahitaji [[virutubishi]], [[nishati]] na [[maji]]. Hayo yote hupatikana katika chakula.

[[Virutubishi]] vya mwili ni hasa yafuatayo:
* [[protini]]
* [[mafuta]]
* [[wanga]] ([[kabohidrati]])
* [[vitamini]] na [[madini]].

Protini, mafuta na wanga huleta nishati ya mwili. Vilevile hukuza mwili yaani katika [[mfumo wa mmeng'enyo wa chakula]] ([[Tumbo|tumboni]]) vinapasuliwa kwa sehemu asilia zake na kuingizwa katika muundo wa [[seli]] za mwili.

Chakula kinaweza kutoka kwenye [[mimea]] au kwenye [[wanyama]]. Sehemu ya mahitaji yanatoka pia moja kwa moja kwenye [[mazingira]] bila kupitia mimea wala wanyama, hasa madini, kwa mfano [[chumvi]].

Lakini chakula si kazi ya [[Biolojia|kibiolojia]] na [[Fiziolojia|kifiziolojia]] pekee, bali kina upande wa [[Utamaduni|kiutamaduni]] na [[Jamii|kijamii]] vilevile.

Kila nchi ina chakula chake na watu wamezoea vyakula pamoja na namna ya kutayarisha vyakula vyao.

==Chakula na afya==
Chakula kinatakiwa kuwa na sehemu zote zinazohitajiwa na mwili. Uhaba wa sehemu moja utasababisha [[utapiamlo]] na [[magonjwa]] mbalimbali. Kuna matatizo hasa kama [[watoto]] hukosa chakula chenye ulinganifu. Mara nyingi wakinamama wanaowapa watoto chakula wanajali tu ya kwamba mtoto ashibe. Mtu anaweza kushiba kutokana na wanga peke yake lakini uhaba wa protini na vitamini huleta utapiamlo na kusababisha magonjwa na ikitokea kwa watoto upungufu wa kukua kwa sehemu za [[ubongo]] na mwili. 

Vilevile kuna tatizo la mara kwa mara: ni uhaba wa minerali fulani katika mazingira ya pekee. 

Chakula kinahusiana na [[afya]] pia kuhusu wingi au uhaba wake. Inaeleweka ya kwamba uhaba wa chakula yaani [[njaa]] ya [[muda]] mrefu inadhoofisha mwili na afya. Lakini kinyume chake kuzidi kwa chakula kunaleta hatari pia. Katika [[maisha]] ya [[Mji|mjini]] na [[familia]] waliotoka katika [[umaskini]] kali hali ya [[Unene wa kupindukia|kunenepa]] tangu utotoni imekuwa tatizo kubwa. Kunenepa mno kunafupisha maisha na kuandaa mwili kwa magonjwa mengi yasiyotokea kwa [[uzito]] wa wastani mwilini.

==Vyanzo==
Vyakula vingi hutokana na mimea. Hata wanyama ambao hutumiwa kama chakula kwa binadamu huwa wanafugwa na kupewa vyakula vinavyotokana na mimea. Hivi sasa asilimia 75 ya vyakula vinavyoliwa na binadamu vinatokana na wanyama 5 na mimea 12 tu.
<ref>{{Cite|url=http://www.fao.org/3/y5609e/y5609e02.htm|title=What is happening to agrobiodiversity?}}</ref>

[[Walaji mboga]] hukataa chakula chochote chenye nyama au mafuta ya kinyama kwa sababu za kidini au kimaadili.

[[Mahindi]], [[ngano]], na [[mchele]] ndio [[asilimia]] 87 ya nafaka inayotumiwa kwa chakula duniani.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web |url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx |title=ProdSTAT |work=FAOSTAT |accessdate= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65Ju02KCI?url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx |archivedate=2012-02-09 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Favour|first=Eboh|title=Design and Fabrication of a Mill Pulverizer|url=https://www.academia.edu/27186173|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226191619/http://www.academia.edu/27186173/DESIGN_AND_FABRICATION_OF_A_MILL_PULVERIZER|archivedate=2017-12-26|df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=039ZCwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA846#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Complete Book on Spices & Condiments (with Cultivation, Processing & Uses) 2nd Revised Edition: With Cultivation, Processing & Uses|last=Engineers|first=NIIR Board of Consultants &|date=2006|publisher=Asia Pacific Business Press Inc.|isbn=978-81-7833-038-9|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226191618/https://books.google.com/books?id=039ZCwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA846#v=onepage&q&f=false|archivedate=2017-12-26|df=}}</ref> Hata hivyo asilimia kubwa ya nafaka inayopandwa duniani hutumika kwa malisho ya wanyama. 

[[Ngano]] ndiyo [[nafaka]] yenye nishati ya juu kuliko vyakula vyote [[duniani]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/food/|title=food|last=Society|first=National Geographic|date=2011-03-01|work=National Geographic Society|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322145917/http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/food/|archivedate=2017-03-22|df=}}
</ref> 
{| border="1" align="center"
|-----
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Vyakula vya binadamu'''
|-----
| align="center" | ''''' || align="center" | '''Asili ya mimea'''
| align="center" | '''Asili ya wanyama'''
|-----
| align="center" | || valign="top" | 
* [[matunda]]
* [[mboga]]
* [[nafaka]]
* [[kunde]] ([[maharagwe]] n.k.)
* [[majani]]
* [[viungo]]
| valign="top" |
* [[nyama]]
* [[samaki]]
* [[yai|mayai]]
* [[maziwa]] ([[jibini]] n.k.)
* [[asali]]
|}

==Marejeo==
{{reflist|2}}

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Wikibooks|Cookbook}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Wikisource|search=Food}}
* {{Wiktionary-inline}}
* {{Commons-inline|food}}
* [http://www.foodtimeline.org/ Historia ya mapishi ya vyakula]
* [http://wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook Kitabu cha mapishi toka Wikivitabu]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00547n1 Chakula], Majadiliano kuhusu chakula toka BBC Radio 4 yakiwashirikisha Rebecca Spang, Ivan Day na Felipe Fernandez-Armesto (''In Our Time'', Dec. 27, 2001)

{{mbegu-utamaduni}}

[[Jamii:Chakula|!]]
[[Jamii:Afya]]