Betty Allan
Frances Elizabeth Allan (July 11, 1905 – August 6, 1952) alikuwa mchambuzi wa takwimu Maustralia. Alikuwa anajulikana kama mchambuzi wa kwanza katika Shirika la Utafiti wa Kitaifa wa Kitaalamu na Viwanda (CSIRO),[1] kama "mwanzilishi halisi wa Idara ya Hisabati na Takwimu ya CSIRO"[2], na kwa kusaidia biometriki.[1]
Allan alizaliwa Julai 11, 1905 huko St Kilda, Victoria; wazazi wake wote walikuwa waandishi wa habari na gazeti la The Argus, na yeye alikuwa mmoja wa dada wanne.[3][4] Akiwa msichana shuleni, alihudhuria Shule ya Wasichana ya Melbourne ya Kanisa la Kiingereza.[3] Alijifunza hisabati katika Chuo Kikuu cha Melbourne,[3][4] akipata shahada ya kwanza mwaka 1926 na shahada ya uzamili mwaka 1928 kwa kazi yake na John Henry Michell kuhusu mawimbi ya peke yake kwenye mipaka ya maji-maji.[5]
Mwaka 1928, Allan alisafiri kwa ufadhili kwenda Chuo cha Newnham, Cambridge,[3] ambapo alisomea hisabati ya matumizi, takwimu, biolojia ya matumizi, na kilimo kwa jumla. Mwaka mmoja baadaye, alisafiri kwenda Rothamsted Experimental Station huko Hertfordshire kufanya kazi pamoja na Ronald Fisher katika utafiti wa mazao na kuendeleza njia za takwimu.[6] Alipokuwa Rothamsted, alitoa makala matatu muhimu, akishirikiana na John Wishart katika mojawapo.[7]
Kurudi Australia mwaka 1930, alikuwa biometriki wa kwanza katika CSIRO,[8] akiteuliwa kwenye Idara ya Viwanda vya Mimea. Alipokuwa CSIRO, alitoa msaada wa takwimu kwa idara zote sita pamoja na mashirika ya nje.[9]
Wakati wa kuwa CSIRO, Allan pia alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Canberra na Shule ya Misitu ya Australia.[10] Mwaka 1935, alisaidia kuanzisha Taasisi ya Sayansi ya Kilimo ya Australia.[11]
Mwaka 1940 alioa mtafiti wa mimea wa CSIRO, Patrick Joseph Calvert, na alilazimika kustaafu kutokana na sheria za wakati huo, ambazo ziliwazuia wanawake walioolewa kufanya kazi katika utumishi wa umma. Aliaga dunia Agosti 6, 1952 huko Canberra.[1]
Kituo cha Takwimu cha Betty Allan cha Kituo cha Teknolojia za Juu za Queensland cha CSIRO kimepewa jina lake. Mwaka 2019, Jumuiya ya Takwimu ya Australia na Data61 iliunda tuzo ya kusafiri kwa pamoja iliyopewa jina lake kwa heshima yake.[12]
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Moad, Dr Graeme, ( born 25 June 1952), CSIRO Fellow, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, since 2015", Who's Who (Oxford University Press), 2023-12-01, ISBN 978-0-19-954088-4, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13
- ↑ "MacDonald, Anne Elizabeth Campbell Bard, (Betty MacDonald), (26 March 1908–7 Feb. 1958), Author", Who Was Who (Oxford University Press), 2007-12-01, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Teesdale, Sir Christopher Charles (1833–1893)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press), 2018-02-06, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Melbourne Division". Australian Surveyor 14 (3-4): 78–80. 1952-09. ISSN 0005-0326. doi:10.1080/00050326.1952.10437123. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ "Teesdale, Sir Christopher Charles (1833–1893)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press), 2018-02-06, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13
- ↑ Swinburne University of Technology Centre for Transformative Innovation. "Home - Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation". www.eoas.info (kwa en-gb). Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13.
- ↑ Heyde, C. C., "Allan, Frances Elizabeth (Betty) (1905–1952)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 26 October 2022
- ↑ Burton, Frances (2018-11-08), "Archdale, Helen Elizabeth [Betty] (1907–2000), feminist, cricketer, and educationist", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press), iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13
- ↑ "Mollison, James Allan (1905–1959)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press), 2018-02-06, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13
- ↑ "Melbourne Division". Australian Surveyor 14 (3-4): 78–80. 1952-09. ISSN 0005-0326. doi:10.1080/00050326.1952.10437123. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ "Teesdale, Sir Christopher Charles (1833–1893)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press), 2018-02-06, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13
- ↑ Hagglund, Betty (2019-04-22), "INTERTEXTUALITY", Keywords for Travel Writing Studies (Anthem Press): 133–135, iliwekwa mnamo 2024-04-13