Ziwa Timsah : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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Pitio la 18:50, 14 Januari 2010

Lake Timsah
Mahali Al Isma'iliyah, Egypt
Anwani ya kijiografia 30°34′00″N 32°17′00″E / 30.56667°N 32.28333°E / 30.56667; 32.28333
Aina ya ziwa Hydrographic
Eneo la maji 14
Mjao 80000000

Ziwa Timsah, Lake Timsah, pia linajulikana kama, also known as Crocodile Lake, yaani ziwa la mamba, ni ziwa lililopo nchini Misri katika delta la mto NIle Linapatikana katika eneo la kuanzia Bahari ya Mediterania hadi katika Ghuba ya Suez, kupitia katika ziwa la Bitter Lakes region.[1] . Mwaka 1800, mafuriko yalijaza eneo la Wadi Tumilatna kusababisha pande za ziwa Timsah kujaa na kufurika na hii ikasababisha kupeleka maji upande wa kusini kwenye Ziwa Biteer kiasi cha maili tisa kwa umbali.[2] In 1862, the lake was filled with waters from the Red Sea.[3]

Mfereji wa Suez au The Suez Canal, ambao ndio unaopeleka maji baridi katika eneo hilo, unakatiza katika ziwa Timsah. Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa mahitaji ya maji, mfeerji huu umepanuliwa na hivyo kusababisha kushuka kwa kina cha maji katika Ziwa Timsah. Hali hii iligunduliwa mwaka 1871.[4]

Jiografia

Zuwa Timsah lipo kati ya eneo la isthumus kati ya Red Sea na Bahari ya Mediteranian .[5] Kituo cha mwisho katika mteremko huo kuna maziwa yenye maji baridi ambapo ziwa Timsah ni moja kati ya maziwa hayo..[5] Eneo la Ziwa Timsah ni kiasi cha Maili za Mraba 5.4..[6] Most of the lake is marshy and depth rarely exceeds 3 feet (1 meter).[7]

Imekwisha hakikishwa katika historia ya zamani ya Misri, Ziwa Timsah lilikuwa upande wa kaskazini jirani mwa bahari nyekundu Red Sea.[8][9]

Tarehe 4 Machi, 1963, jiji la Ismailia, lililipa jina Ziwa hilo kutokana na makamu Ismail Pasha, Kutokezea katika upande wa kaskazini wa pande za mfereji. .[10] Pia kuna pwani mbalimbali pembezoni mwa ziwa hili ikiwa ni pamoja na Moslem Youth, Fayrouz, Melaha, Bahary, Taawen, na pia kuna fukwe mbalimbali zinazomilikiwa na mamlaka ya Mfereji wa Suez.[11]

Mifereji

The Suez Canal at Ismailia by the northern bank of Lake Timsah, c. 1860. Completion of the segment brought waters from Lake Manzaleh to Lake Timsah.

Kuna uwezekano kuwa, ziwa Timsah lilikuwa lipo na limetumika kama kiungio katika utengenezaji wa mfereji wa Suez na hii inaamaisha kuwa ziwa hili lilikuwepo kiasi cha miaka 4,000 iliyopita, hususani katika kipindi cha kati cha utawala wa Misri,[12] na ulipanuliwa na Darius I.[13]

Ujenzi wa mfereji wa Suez ulianza jirani na ziwa Timsah mwaka 1861 na katika kijipade cha kaskazini mwa ziwa hili..[14] Mwanzoni mwa ujenzi huu, maandalizi yalikuwa ni pamoja na kujenga nyumba kwa ajili ya wafanyakazi 10,000 pamoja na vyumba kwa ajili ya kuweka vifaa mbalimbali vya ujenzi .[14] 3,000 laborers dug a channel from the Nile to Lake Timsah in 1861 and 1862, which brought a fresh water supply to the area.[14][15] It was also proposed to construct a halfway port at this point along the canal.[16]

Sehemu ya eneo la Ismailia ya mfareji wa Suez, ambao umeunganika na Ziwa Manzala hadi ziwa Timsah, ulimalizika kujengwa Mwezi Novembe mwaka 1862.[15] Construction of the segment was completed with forced labor, which expanded the workforce to 18,000 men.[14][15] The trench measured 50 feet wide by four to six feet deep and connected Lake Timsah to the Mediterranean Sea.[14] Kazi ilianza upande wa Kusini mwa Ziwa Timsah kati ya mwaka 1862-1863, na upanuzi ukaendelea kuelekea upande wa kaskazini..[14] Wafanyakazi wasio wa hiari walikuwa wakitumika wakati wa ujenzi huu, kuanzia mwezi Machi mwaka 1862, hadi Ismail Pasha alipoondoa sheria hiyo mwaka 1864.[15] Kutokana na kujengwa mfereji huo, maji kutoka katika ziwa Manzaleh yalitiririka na kuingia katika ziwa Timsah..[15] Expansion continued on the northern segment until 1867 and on the southern segment until 1876.[14]

Mazingira

Ziwa Timsah ni ziwa lenye asili ya Uweusi na pia hupata rutuba katika vipindi tofauti tofauti, .[7] Kazi za binadamu katika ziwa hili zimesababisha athari mbalimbali katika ziwa na hasa kushuka kwa kiwango cha uzalishaji wake..[7] Kupungua kwa rutuba katika Ziwa hili kulianza kuonekana tangu mwaka 1871 hii ikiwa ni kufuatia na kujengwa kwa mfereji wa Suez na hatimaye kueongezwa kwa matawi kutoka katika mfereji huu kwenda katika matawi mbalimbali yanayohitaji mbalimbali..[7] The El-Gamil outlet serves as Lake Timsah's principal source of salt water.[7] \ Chanzo pekee cha maji katika ziwa la Timsah ilikuwa Mto Nile hadi lilipojengwa bwawa la Aswan na kuingilia mtiririko huu mwaka 1966, lakini pia maji kutoka katika chini ya ardhi pia huchangia katika kuweka maji katika ziwa hili.[7] Mwaka 2003, makundi mbalimbali yalijaribu kuoima kiwango cha haribifu katika ziwa hili.[17] na hii ilikuwa moja kati ya mambo muhimu zaidi kufanyaka kutokana na umuhimu wa ziwa hili kwa wananchi wa maeneo ya ziwa hili..[17]

Marejeo

  • Hoffmeie, James Karl (2005). Ancient Israel in Sinai. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0195155467. 
  • Stanley, Henry Morton. My Early Travels and Adventures in America and Asia. 
  • Nourse, Joseph Everett. The Maritime Canal of Suez. 

Viungo vya nje

  1. ↑ Gmirkin, Russell E. (2006). Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus. Continuum International Publishing Group. uk. 231. ISBN 0567025926. 
  2. ↑ Hoffmeie, p.43
  3. ↑ Stanley, p.32
  4. ↑ Gollasch, Stephan; Cohen, Andrew N. (2006). Bridging divides. Springer. uk. 229. ISBN 1402050461. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Jerry R. Rogers, Glenn Owen (2004). Water Resources and Environmental History. ASCE Publications. uk. 124. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-04-10. 
  6. ↑ "Ismailia". Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-04-09. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Stephan Gollasch, Andrew N. Cohen (2006). Bridging Divides: Maritime Canals as Invasion Corridors. Springer. uk. 229. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-04-10. 
  8. ↑ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, s.v. "Suez Canal". Accessed 14 May 2008.
  9. ↑ Naville, Édouard. "Map of the Wadi Tumilat" (plate image), in The Store-City of Pithom and the Route of the Exodus (1885). London: Trubner and Company.
  10. ↑ Nourse, p.54
  11. ↑ "Ismailia". Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-04-09. 
  12. ↑ Shea, William H. "A Date for the Recently Discovered Eastern Canal of Egypt" Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 226 (Apr., 1977), pp. 31-38
  13. ↑ Paice, Patricia "Persians" in Kathryn A. Bard and Steven Blake Shubert, eds. Encyclopedia of the Archeology of Ancient Egypt(New York: Routledge, 1999),
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Royal Statistical Society (Great Britain), Statistical Society (Great Britain). (1887). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Royal Statistical Society. ku. 503–509. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-04-10. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 W.O. Henderson (2006). The Industrial Revolution on the Continent: Germany, France, Russia 1800-1914. W.O. Henderson. uk. 151. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-04-10. 
  16. ↑ Brown, Glenn Owen; Garbrecht, Jürgen (2004). Water Resources and Environmental History. ASCE Publications. uk. 124. ISBN 078440738X.  |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Yasmine El-Rashidi. "Making a city livable". Al-Ahram News. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-04-09. 
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