Tazama chanzo cha Yohane Mbatizaji

[[Picha:Folio 109v - The Baptism of Christ.jpg|thumb|200px|Yohane akimbatiza Yesu ([[mchoro]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] mnamo [[karne ya 15]]).]]
'''Yohane Mbatizaji''' ([[7 K.K.]] - [[29]] [[B.K.]] hivi) alikuwa [[nabii]] wa [[Uyahudi]] aliyeishi wakati wa [[Yesu]] wa [[Nazareti]] na kumtangulia miezi tu kuzaliwa, kuanza [[utume]] na kuuawa. 

Kufuatana na [[Injili ya Luka]] [[sura]] 1-2 Yohane na Yesu walikuwa [[ndugu]] na [[mama]] zao walikuwa [[mja mzito|wazito]] kwa wakati mmoja. 

Habari zake zinapatikana katika [[Biblia ya Kikristo]] na katika [[vitabu]] vya mwanahistoria [[Yosefu Flavius]]. 

Anaheshimiwa na [[Wakristo]] na [[Waislamu]] kama [[nabii]] na [[mtakatifu]]. 

Pengine [[sikukuu]] yake muhimu zaidi ni ile ya kuzaliwa <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/20300</ref> (inayoadhimishwa na [[Kanisa la magharibi]] tarehe [[24 Juni]] <ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>, miezi sita kabla ya [[Krismasi]]), lakini ipo pia sikukuu ya [[kifodini]] chake <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/24300</ref> tarehe [[29 Agosti]] <ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>.

== Utoto ==
Kadiri ya [[Injili]] ya [[Luka mwinjili|Luka]], Yohane alizaliwa ki[[muujiza]] na [[kuhani]] [[mzee]] [[Zakaria (Injili)|Zakaria]] na [[mke]] wake [[tasa]] [[Elizabeti (Injili)|Elizabeti]]<ref>1:5 Wakati Herode alipokuwa mfalme wa Yudea, kulikuwa na kuhani mmoja jina lake Zakaria, wa kikundi cha Abia. Mke wake alikuwa anaitwa Elisabeti, naye alikuwa wa ukoo wa kuhani Aroni. 6 Wote wawili walikuwa wanyofu mbele ya Mungu, wakiishi kwa kufuata amri na maagizo yote ya Bwana bila lawama. 7 Lakini hawakuwa wamejaliwa watoto kwa vile Elisabeti alikuwa tasa, nao wote wawili walikuwa wazee sana. 8 Siku moja, ilipokuwa zamu yake ya kutoa huduma ya ukuhani mbele ya Mungu, 9 Zakariya alichaguliwa kwa kura, kama ilivyokuwa desturi, kuingia hekaluni ili afukize ubani. 10 Watu, umati mkubwa, walikuwa wamekusanyika nje wanasali wakati huo wa kufukiza ubani. 11 Malaika wa Bwana akamtokea humo ndani, akasimama upande wa kulia wa madhabahu ya kufukizia ubani. 12 Zakariya alipomwona alifadhaika, hofu ikamwingia. 13 Lakini malaika akamwambia, "Zakariya, usiogope, kwa maana sala yako imesikilizwa, na Elisabeti mkeo atakuzalia mtoto wa kiume, nawe utampa jina Yohane. 14 Utakuwa na furaha kubwa na watu wengi watashangilia kwa sababu ya kuzaliwa kwake. 15 Atakuwa mkuu mbele ya Bwana. Hatakunywa divai wala kileo, atajazwa Roho Mtakatifu tangu tumboni mwa mama yake. 16 Atawaelekeza wengi wa watu wa Israeli kwa Bwana Mungu wao. 17 Atamtangulia Bwana akiongozwa na nguvu na roho kama Eliya. Atawapatanisha kina baba na watoto wao; atawafanya wasiotii wawe na fikira za uadilifu, na hivyo amtayarishie Bwana watu wake." 18 Zakariya akamwambia huyo malaika, "Ni kitu gani kitakachonihakikishia jambo hilo? Mimi ni mzee, hali kadhalika na mke wangu." 19 Malaika akamjibu, "Mimi ni Gabrieli, nisimamaye mbele ya Mungu, na nimetumwa niseme nawe, nikuletee hii habari njema. 20 Sikiliza, utakuwa bubu kwa sababu huyasadiki haya maneno yatakayotimia kwa wakati wake. Hutaweza kusema mpaka hayo niliyokuambia yatakapotimia." 21 Wakati huo, wale watu walikuwa wanamngoja Zakariya huku wakishangaa juu ya kukawia kwake Hekaluni. 22 Alipotoka nje, hakuweza kusema nao. Ikawa dhahiri kwao kwamba alikuwa ameona maono Hekaluni. Lakini akawa anawapa ishara kwa mikono, akabaki bubu. 23 Zamu yake ya kuhudumu ilipokwisha, alirudi nyumbani. 24 Baadaye Elisabeti mkewe akapata mimba. Akajificha nyumbani kwa muda wa miezi mitano, akisema: 25 "Hivi ndivyo alivyonitendea Bwana; ameniangalia na kuniondolea aibu niliyokuwa nayo mbele ya watu."</ref>.

Bado [[mtoto]] alikwenda kuishi [[jangwa]]ni, labda kutokana na [[kifo]] cha [[wazazi]]. [[Wataalamu]] mbalimbali wanadhani kwamba huko alikuwa akiishi kati ya [[Waeseni]], wafuasi wa [[madhehebu]] ya Kiyahudi yenye [[itikadi kali|msimamo mkali]] hata kuliko ule wa [[Mafarisayo]].

== Mhubiri katika jangwa ==
Alipofikia [[utu uzima]] alianza kuhubiri "[[mwaka]] wa [[kumi na tano]] wa [[utawala]] wa [[Kaisari Tiberio]]" (Luka 3,1) yaani mnamo [[27]]/29 BK.

Yohane alikuwa [[mhubiri]] aliyewaonya kwa [[ukali]] wasikilizaji wake na kudai wajiandae kwa [[hukumu]] ya [[Mungu]]. 

Akawakaribisha wapate [[ubatizo]] wa [[maji]] kama [[alama]] ya [[utakaso]] na [[mwanzo]] wa [[maisha]] mapya. 

[[Injili ya Mathayo]] katika [[sura]] ya 3 inasimulia: "4 Yohane alivaa [[vazi]] lililoshonwa kwa [[manyoya]] ya [[ngamia]], na [[ukanda]] wa [[ngozi]] [[kiuno]]ni mwake. [[Chakula]] chake kilikuwa [[nzige]] na [[asali ya mwituni]]. 5 Basi, watu kutoka [[Yerusalemu]], kutoka [[mkoa]] wote wa [[Yudea]] na sehemu zote za kandokando ya [[mto Yordani]], walimwendea, 6 wakaziungama [[dhambi]] zao, naye akawabatiza katika mto Yordani."

[[Ubatizo wa Bwana|Alimbatiza pia Yesu]] ambaye naye baadaye akaanza kuhubiri. 

Hivyo katika Injili Yohane anatazamwa kama [[mtangulizi]] wa Yesu aliyetangaza ujio wake na kumtambulisha kama "[[Mwanakondoo]] wa [[Mungu]] aondoaye [[dhambi]] ya [[ulimwengu]]" na [[Ubatizo|atakayebatiza]] kwa [[Roho Mtakatifu]].

== Kifo cha Yohane ==
Yohane katika mahubiri yake alipinga bila [[hofu]] ma[[tendo]] ya [[mfalme]] [[Herode Antipa]] hata akakamatwa naye na kufungwa katika [[ngome]] ya Makeronte, katika [[Yordani]] ya leo.  

Kufuatana na [[Injili ya Marko]] sura ya 6 aliuawa [[gereza|gerezani]] huko alivyotaka [[Herodia]] [[mke]] wa mfalme, akakatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ombi la [[Salome (binti Herodia)|Salome]], binti yake, nacho kilipelekwa katika [[sinia]] au [[bakuli]] mbele ya mfalme na [[wageni]] wake wakiwa wanasherehekea sikukuu yake ya kuzaliwa.

Hivyo huyo mtangulizi wa Bwana, kama [[taa]] iwakayo na kung'aa, alishuhudia [[ukweli]] kwa [[maisha]] na [[mauti]] yake vilevile.

== Wafuasi wa Yohane ==
Yohane alikuwa pia na kundi la [[wafuasi]] walioendelea kama [[ushirika]] baada ya kifo chake.

[[Dini]] ya [[Wamandayo]] inadai kuwa imetokana na [[ushirika]] huo: katika [[Kurani]] hao wanaitwa "sabiyuna" au wabatizaji.

==Nabii Yahya katika Kurani ==
Yohane anatajwa kwa [[heshima]] katika Kurani pia, kwa [[jina]] la nabii Yahya (يحيى بن زكريا, ''Yahya ibn Zakariya''). 

[[Picha:St johns head.jpg|thumb|Fuvu mojawapo la kichwa linalosemekana ni la Yohane katika [[kanisa]] la "San Silvestro in Capite" [[mji]]ni [[Roma]], [[Italia]].]]

== Fuvu la kichwa ==
[[Kichwa]] cha Yohane kiliaminiwa kimeweza kutunzwa kikaheshimiwa kama [[salia]] takatifu. 

Kuna vichwa mbalimbali vilivyotajwa kuwa kichwa cha Yohane. 

[[Kaburi]] moja la kichwa kipo mjini [[Dameski]] kilipokuwa ndani ya [[kanisa kuu]], na baada ya [[Waislamu]] kubomoa [[kanisa]], kaburi lilitunzwa na liko sasa ndani ya [[msikiti wa Umawiya]].

Kichwa kingine kinachoitwa ni cha Yohane chaonyeshwa katika kanisa la "San Silvestro in Capite" mjini [[Roma]]; kingine huko [[Amiens]] ([[Ufaransa]]).

Kuna pia [[mikono]] ya Yohane inayoonyeshwa mahali mbalimbali. 

==Tazama pia==
*[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]]

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}

== Marejeo ==
=== Vitabu juu yake ===
* [[Brooks Hansen]] (2009) ''John the Baptizer: A Novel''. New York: [[W. W. Norton]]. ISBN 978-0-393-06947-1
* Murphy, Catherine M. (2003) ''John the Baptist: Prophet of Purity for a New Age''. Collegeville: Liturgical Press. ISBN 0-8146-5933-0
* Taylor, Joan E. (1997) ''The Immerser: John the Baptist within Second Temple Judaism''. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-4236-4
* W. Barnes Tatum (1994) ''John the Baptist and Jesus: A Report of the Jesus Seminar.'', Sonoma, California: Polebridge Press, 1994, ISBN 0-944344-42-9
* Webb, Robert L. (1991) ''John the Baptizer and Prophet: a Socio-Historical Study''. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59752-986-0 (first published Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1991)

=== Taarifa zake katika vyanzo vya zamani ===
* [[Josephus]] wrote that "...Herod slew him, who was a good man, and commanded the Jews to exercise virtue, both as to righteousness towards one another and piety towards God, and so to come to baptism; for that the washing would be acceptable to him, if they made use of it, not in order to the remission of some sins, but for the purification of the body; supposing still that the soul was thoroughly purified beforehand by righteousness." (Josephus, AJ, 18.5.2)

=== Mtazamo wa Kiislamu ===
* {{cite encyclopedia |article = Yahya b. Zakariya| author= Rippin, A.| editor=P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |issn = 1573-3912}}
* J.C.L Gibson, ''John the Baptist in Muslim writings'', in ''MW'', xlv (1955), 334-345

=== Madondoo kutoka Qur'an ===
* Appraisals for Yahya: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=6&verseBegin=85&verseEnd=85 6:85] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=6&verseBegin=85&verseEnd=85 |date=20051203053921 }}, [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=7&verseEnd=7 19:7] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=7&verseEnd=7 |date=20051203050439 }}, [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=12&verseEnd=12 19:12] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=12&verseEnd=12 |date=20051204202825 }}, [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=13&verseEnd=13 19:13] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=13&verseEnd=13 |date=20070327060857 }}, [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=14&verseEnd=14 19:14] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=14&verseEnd=14 |date=20051204203407 }}, [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=15&verseEnd=15 19:15] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=15&verseEnd=15 |date=20051204142508 }}
* Yahya's prophecy: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=3&verseBegin=39&verseEnd=39 3:39] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=3&verseBegin=39&verseEnd=39 |date=20051203052429 }}, [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=6&verseBegin=85&verseEnd=85 6:85] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=6&verseBegin=85&verseEnd=85 |date=20051203053921 }}, [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=12&verseEnd=12 19:12] {{Wayback|url=http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=19&verseBegin=12&verseEnd=12 |date=20051204202825 }}

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Commons category|Saint John the Baptist|John the Baptist}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|John the Baptist}}
{{Wiktionary|John the Baptist}}
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08486b.htm ''Catholic Encyclopedia'': St. John the Baptist]
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=371&letter=J ''Jewish Encyclopedia:'' John the Baptist]
* [http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/Prophet/yahya.htm Prophet Yahya (John)] in the light of Islamic tradition.
* [http://www.islam101.com/history/people/prophets/john.htm Prophet John (Yahya)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.islam101.com/history/people/prophets/john.htm |date=20120710095818 }}
{{mbegu-mtu-Biblia}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 7 KK]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 29]]
[[Jamii:Watu wa Biblia]]
[[Jamii:Watu wa Kurani]]
[[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Israeli]]
[[Jamii:Manabii wa Agano Jipya]]
[[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]]
[[Jamii:Manabii katika Uislamu]]
[[Jamii:Yohane Mbatizaji]]