Tazama chanzo cha Ustaarabu wa magharibi

{{multiple image
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| image1 = Plato Pio-Clemetino Inv305.jpg
| caption1 = [[Plato]], ambaye pamoja na [[Sokrates]] na [[Aristotle]], aliweka msingi wa [[falsafa]] ya magharibi.
| image2 = Da Vinci Vitruve Luc Viatour.jpg
| caption2 = Mchoro maarufu wa [[Leonardo da Vinci]] unaoonyesha umuhimu wa [[binadamu]] katika mtazamo wa [[magharibi]] kuanzia [[Renaissance]].
| image3 = The Beatles arrive at JFK Airport.jpg
| caption3 = [[The Beatles]], bendi lililouza albamu nyingi kuliko yote, linaendelea kuathiri magharibi si upande wa [[muziki]] tu.
}}
[[File:Clash of Civilizations map.png|thumb|300px|Aina kuu za ustarabu baada ya mwaka 1990 kadiri ya Huntington (ule wa magharibi una rangi ya buluu iliyokolea).]]
'''Ustaarabu wa magharibi''' ni [[utamaduni]] wenye [[taratibu za kijamii]], [[maadili]], [[desturi]], [[sheria]], [[falsafa]], [[imani]], [[siasa]], [[sanaa]] na [[teknolojia]] maalumu ambavyo asili yake ni Ulaya hata kame vimezidi kustawi sehemu nyingine za dunia ambazo historia yake ilikuwa na uhusiano wa pekee na bara hilo.

Kwa kiasi kikubwa ni [[urithi]] wa [[Ugiriki wa Kale]], [[Roma wa Kale]], [[Uyahudi]],<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/topic/Judaism/The-Judaic-tradition Role of Judaism in Western culture and civilization], "Judaism has played a significant role in the development of Western culture because of its unique relationship with Christianity, the dominant religious force in the West". [http://www.britannica.com/topic/Judaism Judaism] at [[Encyclopedia Britannica]]</ref> na utamaduni wa makabila mengine<ref>Kim Ann Zimmermann, 2012, "What is Culture? Definition of Culture," LiveScience, July 9, 2012, see [http://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html], accessed on 8 December 2014.</ref><ref>Anon. (Western Culture Global), 2009, "Western Culture Knowledge Center: What is Western Culture?," see [http://www.westerncultureglobal.org/what-is-western-culture.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.westerncultureglobal.org/what-is-western-culture.html |date=20071214201933 }}, accessed on 8 December 2014.{{better source|date=February 2015}}</ref>lakini hasa wa [[Ukristo]] na [[madhehebu]] yake ya kwanza, [[Kanisa Katoliki]],<ref>{{cite book|last=J. Spielvogel|first=Jackson|title=Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume I: To 1715|year=2016|isbn= 9781305633476|edition=Cengage Learning|author2=|page=156}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Neill|first=Thomas Patrick |title=Readings in the History of Western Civilization, Volume 2|year=1957|isbn=|edition=Newman Press|author2=|page=224}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=[[Gerald O'Collins|O'Collins]]|first= [[Gerald O'Collins|Gerald]]|title=''Catholicism: The Story of Catholic Christianity'' |year=2003|isbn=978-0-19-925995-3|edition= Oxford University Press|author2=Farrugia, Maria|page= v (preface)}}</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507284/Roman-Catholicism Roman Catholicism], "Roman Catholicism, Christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the history of Western civilization". [[Encyclopedia Britannica]]</ref><ref name="Caltron J.H Hayas">Caltron J.H Hayas, ''Christianity and Western Civilization'' (1953),Stanford University Press, p. 2: That certain distinctive features of our Western civilization—the civilization of western Europe and of America—have been shaped chiefly by Judaeo – Graeco – Christianity, Catholic and Protestant.</ref><ref name="Orlandis">Jose Orlandis, 1993, "A Short History of the Catholic Church," 2nd edn. (Michael Adams, Trans.), Dublin:Four Courts Press, ISBN 1851821252, preface, see [https://books.google.com/books?id=KYdbpwAACAAJ], accessed 8 December 2014. p. (preface)</ref><ref name="How The Catholic Church Built Western Civilization">[[Thomas E. Woods]] and Antonio Canizares, 2012, "How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization," Reprint edn., Washington, D.C.: Regnery History, ISBN 1596983280, PG. NOS: "Western civilization owes far more to Catholic Church than most people—Catholic included—often realize. The Church in fact built Western civilization."</ref><ref name="Perry2012">{{cite book|author=Marvin Perry|title=Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume I: To 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U2pnv0Aoh2EC&pg=PA33|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=1-111-83720-1|pages=33–}}</ref> pamoja na [[Makanisa ya Kiorthodoksi]]<ref>{{cite book|last= H. McNeill|first=William|title=History of Western Civilization: A Handbook|year= 2010|isbn=0226561623|edition=University of Chicago Press|author2=|page=204}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Faltin|first=Lucia|title=The Religious Roots of Contemporary European Identity|url= https://archive.org/details/religiousrootsco00falt|year= 2007|isbn= 9780826494825|edition=A&C Black|author2=Melanie J. Wright|page=[https://archive.org/details/religiousrootsco00falt/page/n99 83]}}</ref>.

Baada ya [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]], athari yake imekuwa kubwa pia, hasa [[Ulaya Kaskazini]] na [[Koloni|makoloni]] yake, kama yale yaliyounda [[Marekani]], ambayo katika [[karne ya 20]] imeshika uongozi wa dunia na kuzidi kusambaza ustarabu huo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Toynbee|first= Arnold|title=A Study of History: Abridgement of, Volumes 1-6 |year=1947|isbn=9780199826698|edition= Oxford University Press|author2=|page=155}}</ref><ref name="Dawson 1961 108">{{cite book|last=Dawson|first=Christopher|title=Crisis in Western Education|year=1961|isbn=9780813216836|edition=reprint|author2=Glenn Olsen|page=108}}</ref>

Tabia yake ya msingi ni kujali na kustawisha [[akili]] badala ya kutegemea [[visasili]] na [[mapokeo]]. Ilikuwa hivyo kuanzia falsafa ya [[Shule ya Athene]], ikaendelea baada ya uenezi wa Ukristo kupitia [[Teolojia ya Shule]], [[Renaissance]], [[Mapinduzi ya Kisayansi]] hadi [[Falsafa ya Mwangaza]]. Hiyo ilisaidia kutambua [[tunu]] kama [[haki za binadamu]], [[usawa]] na [[demokrasia]]. <ref name="Daly2013">{{cite book|author=Jonathan Daly|title=The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9aZPAQAAQBAJ|date=19 December 2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-1851-6|pages=7–9}}</ref> 

==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Marejeo==
* {{Cite book|last= Ankerl |first= Guy |title= Global communication without universal civilization  |series= INU societal research |volume= Vol. 1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western |publisher= INU Press |location= Geneva |isbn= 2-88155-004-5 |pages=|year= 2000|ref= harv|postscript= {{inconsistent citations}} }}
* Barzun, Jacques ''From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life 1500 to the Present'' HarperCollins (2000) ISBN 0-06-017586-9.
* Daly, Jonathan. "[http://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/the-rise-of-western-power-9781441161314/ The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/the-rise-of-western-power-9781441161314/ |date=20170630100152 }}" (London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2014). ISBN 978-1441161314.
* Daly, Jonathan. "[http://www.tandfindia.com/books/details/9781138774810/ Historians Debate the Rise of the West]" (London and New York: Routledge, 2015). ISBN 978-1138774810.
* Jones, Prudence and Pennick, Nigel ''A History of Pagan Europe'' Barnes & Noble (1995) ISBN 0-7607-1210-7.
* Merriman, John ''Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Present'' W. W. Norton (1996) ISBN 0-393-96885-5.
* Derry, T. K. and Williams, Trevor I. ''A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900'' Dover (1960) ISBN 0-486-27472-1.
* Eduardo Duran, Bonnie Dyran ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qgVoY7mypa4C Native American Postcolonial Psychology]'' 1995 Albany: State University of New York Press ISBN 0-7914-2353-0
* McClellan, James E. III and Dorn, Harold ''Science and Technology in World History'' Johns Hopkins University Press (1999) ISBN 0-8018-5869-0
* Stein, Ralph ''The Great Inventions'' Playboy Press (1976) ISBN 0-87223-444-4.
* Asimov, Isaac ''Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology: The Lives & Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present'' Revised second edition, Doubleday (1982) ISBN 0-385-17771-2.
* [[Ludwig von Pastor|Pastor, Ludwig von]], ''History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages; Drawn from the [[Vatican Secret Archives|Secret Archives of the Vatican]] and other original sources'', 40 vols. St. Louis, B. Herder (1898ff.)
* [[James Joseph Walsh|Walsh, James Joseph]], ''The Popes and Science; the History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time'', Fordam University Press, 1908, reprinted 2003, Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-3646-9 Reviews: [https://books.google.com/books?vid=02tZKPD5CJrIa31EgK&id=G57Y1rlQVP0C&pg=PT2&lpg=PT2&dq=%22the+popes+and+science%22 P.462] [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1407075] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130801120209/http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1407075 |date=2013-08-01 }}
* Ankerl, Guy (2000). C''oexisting Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western''. INUPRESS, Geneva, 119–244. ISBN 2-88155-004-5
* Atle Hesmyr (2013). ''Civilization, Oikos, and Progress'' ISBN 978-1468924190
* [[Victor Davis Hanson|Hanson, Victor Davis]]; Heath, John (2001). ''Who Killed Homer: The Demise of Classical Education and the Recovery of Greek Wisdom'', Encounter Books
* Stearns, P.N. (2003). ''Western Civilization in World History'', Routledge, New York
* [[Bruce Thornton|Thornton, Bruce]] (2002). ''Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization'',  Encounter Books

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category|Western culture}}
* [http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320Hist&Civ/PP/slides/00westciv.pdf An overview of the Western Civilization] {{Wayback|url=http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/1320Hist%26Civ/PP/slides/00westciv.pdf |date=20211024231522 }}
{{mbegu-utamaduni}}
[[Category:Utamaduni| ]]
[[Category:Historia ya Ulaya]]
[[Category:Elimu jamii]]