Tazama chanzo cha Peru

{{Infobox_Country
|native_name =''República del Perú''
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Peru
|common_name =Peru 
|image_coat =Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
|image_flag =Flag of Peru.svg
|image_map =LocationPeru.png 
|national_motto = "Firme y Feliz Por La Unión" (Imara na furahifu kwa umoja)
|national_anthem =''[[Somos libres, seámoslo siempre]]''<br />"Tuko huru tukae hivyo" 
|official_languages =[[Kihispania]] [[Kiquechua]] [[Kiaymara]]<sup>1</sup> 
|capital =[[Lima]] 
|latd=12 |latm=2.6 |latNS=S |longd=77 |longm=1.7 |longEW=W
|largest_city =[[Lima]] 
|government_type =<small>Jamhuri</small> 
|leader_titles =[[Rais wa Peru|Rais]] <br> [[Waziri Mkuu]] 
|leader_names =[[:es:Pedro Castillo|Pedro Castillo]] <br> [[:es:Aníbal Torres|Aníbal Torres]]
|area_rank =ya 20 
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area=1,285,216
|areami²= 496,222 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
|percent_water =8.80% 
|population_estimate =  34,294,231
|population_estimate_rank = ya 44
|population_estimate_year = 2021
|population_census = 31,237,385 |population_census_year =<!--Peru 2017 Census-->2017
|population_density =23
|population_densitymi² =59.6  <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
|population_density_rank =ya 198
|GDP_PPP = $385.719 billioni <!--IMF 2020--> 
|GDP_PPP_rank =ya 47
|GDP_PPP_year=2020
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,516
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 103
|sovereignty_type =[[Uhuru]] 
|sovereignty_note = kutoka [[Hispania]]
|established_events =ilitangazwa  
|established_dates = <br /> [[28 Julai]] [[1821]]
|HDI =0.777
|HDI_rank = ya 79
|HDI_year = 2019
|HDI_category =<font color="#FFCC00">medium</font> 
|currency = [[Sol]]
|currency_code = PEN
|country_code = 
|time_zone = 
|utc_offset = -5
|time_zone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = 
|cctld = [[.pe]]
|calling_code = 51
|footnotes = 1.) [[Kiquechua]], [[Kiaymara]] na lugha za eneo ni lugha rasmi kama ni lugha ya watu wengi wa eneo.
}}
[[Picha:Peru-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|right|280px|Ramani ya Peru]]
[[Picha:Peru - Regions and departments (labeled).svg|250px|right|thumb| Peru]]
[[Picha:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|250px|right|thumb| [[Machu Picchu]] ]]
'''Peru''' (pia '''Peruu''') ni nchi ya [[Amerika ya Kusini|Amerika Kusini]] upande wa [[magharibi]] ya [[bara]]. 

Imepakana na [[Ekuador]], [[Kolombia]], [[Brazil]], [[Bolivia]] na [[Chile]]. Kuna [[mwambao]] wa [[Pasifiki]].

==Historia==
Peru ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Hispania]] kati ya miaka [[1532]] na [[1821]].

Kabla ya kuja kwa Wahispania, Peru ilikuwa [[kitovu]] cha [[Dola]] la [[Inka]]. 

==Watu==
Hadi leo kuna [[idadi]] kubwa ya [[Waindio]] (45[[%]]) wanaotunza [[utamaduni]] wao, mbali ya ma[[chotara]] Waindio-Wazungu (37%). [[Utafiti]] wa [[DNA]] yao unaonyesha [[urithi]] wa Kiindio umechangia 79.1% za DNA ya wakazi wa leo. [[Wazungu]] wenyewe ni 15% tu. 

[[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kihispania]] (84.1%), [[Kiquechua]] (13%) na [[Kiaymara]] (1.7%).

Upande wa [[dini]], [[Wakatoliki]] ni 81.3% na [[Waprotestanti]] 12.5%.

== Tazama pia ==
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Marejeo==
* Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. ''Art of colonial Latin America''. London: Phaidon, 2005, ISBN 0714841579.
* [http://www.tc.gob.pe/legconperu/constitucion.html ''Constitución Política del Perú''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tc.gob.pe/legconperu/constitucion.html |date=20070324043856 }}. 29 December 1993.
* Custer, Tony. ''The Art of Peruvian Cuisine''. Lima: Ediciones Ganesha, 2003, ISBN 9972920305.
* [[Gonzalo Garland|Garland, Gonzalo]]. "Perú Siglo XXI", series of 11 working papers describing sectorial long-term forecasts, Grade, Lima, Peru, 1986-1987.
* Garland, Gonzalo. Peru in the 21st Century: Challenges and Possibilities in ''Futures: the Journal of Forecasting, Planning and Policy'', Volume 22, Nº 4, Butterworth-Heinemann, London, England, May 1990.
* Gootenberg, Paul. (1991) ''Between silver and guano: commercial policy and the state in postindependence Peru''. Princeton: Princeton University Press ISBN 0691023425.
* Gootenberg, Paul. (1993) ''Imagining development: economic ideas in Peru's "fictitious prosperity" of Guano, 1840–1880''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, 0520082907.
* Higgins, James (editor). ''The Emancipation of Peru: British Eyewitness Accounts'', 2014. Online at https://sites.google.com/site/jhemanperu
* Instituto de Estudios Histórico–Marítimos del Perú. ''El Perú y sus recursos: Atlas geográfico y económico''. Lima: Auge, 1996.
* Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. {{PDFlink|[http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0638/Libro.pdf ''Perú: Compendio Estadístico 2005'']|8.31&nbsp;MB}}. Lima: INEI, 2005.
* Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perfil sociodemográfico del Perú''. Lima: INEI, 2008.
* Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. ''Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población, 1950–2050''. Lima: INEI, 2001.
* Klarén, Peter. ''Peru: society and nationhood in the Andes''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0195069285.
* Ley N° 27867, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070702195833/http://www.pmde.gob.pe/taller/Compilacion%20normativa/DESCENTRALIZACI%C3%93N/LEY%20N%C2%BA%2027867_LEY%20ORG%C3%81NICA%20DE%20GOBIERNOS%20LOCALES.pdf ''Ley Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales'']. 16 November 2002.
* Martin, Gerald. "Literature, music and the visual arts, c. 1820–1870". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;3–45.
* Martin, Gerald. "Narrative since c. 1920". In: Leslie Bethell (ed.), ''A cultural history of Latin America''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1998, pp.&nbsp;133–225.
* Porras Barrenechea, Raúl. ''El nombre del Perú''. Lima: Talleres Gráficos P.L. Villanueva, 1968.
* Romero, Raúl. "La música tradicional y popular". In: Patronato Popular y Porvenir, ''La música en el Perú''. Lima: Industrial Gráfica, 1985, pp.&nbsp;215–283.
* Romero, Raúl. "Andean Peru". In: John Schechter (ed.), ''Music in Latin American culture: regional tradition''. New York: Schirmer Books, 1999, pp.&nbsp;383–423.
* Thorp, Rosemary and Geoffrey Bertram. ''Peru 1890–1977: growth and policy in an open economy''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978, ISBN 0231034334

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{commons}}
* {{es}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Serikali ya Peru tovuti rasmi]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1224656.stm Country Profile] from [[BBC News]]
* [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Peru Peru] from the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
* {{CIA World Factbook link|pe|Peru}}
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/peru.htm Peru] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/peru.htm |date=20080607085421 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/PER/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Peru]
* {{dmoz|Regional/South_America/Peru}}
* [http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ PeruLinks] {{Wayback|url=http://www.perulinks.com/pages/english/ |date=20081015034906 }} web directory
* {{Wikiatlas|Peru}}
* {{es icon}} [http://www.peru.gob.pe/ Web portal] of the Peruvian Government

{{Amerika Kusini}}
{{mbegu-jio-AmerikaKusini}}

[[Jamii:Peru| ]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Amerika Kusini]]
[[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia Kihispania]]