Tazama chanzo cha Palestina

{{Infobox country
|native_name              = <span style="line-height:1.33em;"> السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية <br />''As-Sulta Al-Wataniyya Al-Filastīniyya''</span>
|conventional_long_name   = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Palestina</span>
|common_name              = Mamlaka ya Palestina
|image_flag               = Flag of Palestine.svg
|image_coat               =Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg
|symbol_type              = Nembo
|national_motto           = --
|image_map                = LocationPalestine.svg
|national_anthem          = ''[[Palestinian National Anthem|Biladi]]''
|official_languages       = [[Kiarabu]]
|capital                  =
[[Ramallah]] na [[Gaza]] ''hali halisi'' kama makao ya ofisi za serikali.<br />[[Yerusalemu ya Mashariki]] ni mji mkuu wa Palestina unaotazamiwa.<br /><small>{{coor dm|31|46|N|35|15|E}}</small>
|largest_city             = [[Gaza]]
|government_type          =
|leader_titles            = [[Rais]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]]
|leader_names             = [[Mahmoud Abbas]]<br />[[Rami Hamdallah]]
|area_rank                = ya 169
|area_magnitude           = 1 E11
|area                     = 6,220
|percent_water            = 3.54
|population_estimate      = 4,682,467
|population_estimate_rank = ya 123
|population_estimate_year = 2015
|population_census        =
|population_census_year   =
|population_density       = 595
|population_densitymi²    = 1,514
|population_density_rank  = ya 18
|GDP_PPP                  = $5.327 billioni
|GDP_PPP_rank             = -
|GDP_PPP_year             = 2005
|GDP_PPP_per_capita       = $1,500<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/we.html "CIA - The World Factbook -- West Bank."] ''[[Central Intelligence Agency]]''.  23 Januari 2007.  28 Januari 2007.</ref>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank  = -
|sovereignty_type         = [[Katiba]]
|sovereignty_note         = ilikamilika [[2003]]
|established_events       = [[Uhuru]]<br />ilitangazwa<br />Hali
|established_dates        = <br />[[15 Novemba]] [[1988]]<br />Haitambuliwi
|HDI                      = + 0.736
|HDI_rank                 = ya 102
|HDI_year                 = 2006
|HDI_category             = <font color="#ffcc00">medium</font>
|currency                 = [[Shekel]] ya Israel<br />[[Dinari ya Yordani]]<sup>a</sup><br />
|currency_code            = JOD, ILS
|country_code             = PLE
|time_zone                = &nbsp;
|utc_offset               = +2
|time_zone_DST            = &nbsp;
|utc_offset_DST           = +3
|cctld                    = [[.ps]]
|calling_code             = 970<sup>b</sup>
|footnotes                = <sup>a</sup> [[West Bank]] pekee.<br /><sup>b</sup> si rasmi.
}}
[[Picha:Palestinian authority map.gif|thumb|180px|left|Ramani ya maeneo yanayotazamiwa kuwa chini ya Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Palestina]]
[[File:MiddleEast.A2003031.0820.250m.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:BritishMandatePalestine1920.png|thumb|]]
[[File:Flag of Palestine - long triangle.svg|thumb|]]
[[File:Jerusalem from mt olives.jpg|thumb|Yerusalemu kutoka Mlima wa Mizeituni]]
[[File:1 Palestine Pound 1939 Obverse.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:عملة فلسطينية معدنية.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:British Mandate Palestinian passport.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Palestine recognition only.svg|thumb|]]
[[File:1759 map Holy Land and 12 Tribes.jpg|thumb|Palestina 1759]]
[[File:Modern Palestine, Illustrated atlas, and modern history of the World, 1851.jpg|thumb|Palestina 1851]]
[[File:1864 Johnson Map of Israel, Palestine, or the Holy Land - Geographicus - Palestine-j-64.jpg|thumb|Palestina 1864]]
[[File:Map of Palestine in Russian, a. 1900.jpg|thumb|Palestina 1900]]
[[File:Palestine according to Eusbius and Jerome - Smith 1915.jpg|thumb|Palestina 1915]]
[[File:BritishMandatePalestine1920.png|thumb|Palestine 1920]]
[[File:Palestine south 1924.jpg|thumb|Palestina 1924]]
[[File:Palestina 1946.jpg|thumb|Palestina 1946]]
[[File:UN Partition Plan Palestine.png|thumb|Palestina 1947]]
'''Palestina''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: فلسطين‎ filasṭīn, falasṭīn; kutoka [[Kilatini]]: Palaestina; kwa [[Kiebrania]]: פלשתינה Palestina) ni [[jina]] la eneo  lililoko upande wa [[Mashariki]] wa [[Bahari ya Mediteranea]] kati ya mkingo wa [[bahari]] hiyo na [[mto Yordani]]. 

==Historia ya jina na eneo la Palestina hadi 1948==
[[Asili]] ya jina ilikuwa nchi ya [[Wafilisti]] iliyokuwa kanda nyembamba ya [[ardhi]] karibu na [[pwani]] ya [[bahari]]. [[Waroma wa kale]] walitumia jina hilo kwa jumla ya jimbo lao katika sehemu hizi. 

Baada ya [[uvamizi]] wa [[Waarabu]] [[Waislamu]] jina liliendelea kutumiwa kwa [[umbo]] la Kiarabu "Filastin" na kutazamwa kama sehemu ya [[Shamu]] au Syria. 

Tangu [[mwaka]] [[1516]] eneo lilitawaliwa na [[Milki ya Osmani]]. Kwa muda mrefu maeneo ya Palestina yalikuwa sehemu ya [[kusini]] ya jimbo la [[Dameski]], na katika [[karne ya 19]] jimbo la pekee la [[Yerusalemu]] liliundwa.  

Baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] [[Uingereza]] ulitawala eneo hili kama eneo la kukabidhiwa la [[Shirikisho la Mataifa]], na eneo hili lilikuwa pamoja na sehemu kubwa upande wa mashariki wa mto Yordani. Waingereza waligawa eneo katika sehemu [[mbili]] upande wa [[magharibi]] (Palestina yenyewe) na upande wa mashariki wa mto Yordani uliokuwa baadaye [[Yordani|milki ya Yordani]]. 

Kwenye sehemu ya magharibi iliyokuwa Palestina yenyewe kulikuwa na [[uhamiaji]] wa [[Wayahudi]] kutoka nchi za [[Ulaya]] ulioweka msingi kwa [[mapambano kati ya Israeli na Palestina]] ya baadaye.

Mwaka [[1947]] [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] uliamua kugawa Palestina katika sehemu tatu zilizopangwa kama Dola la Kiyahudi, Dola la Kiarabu na Yerusalemu kama mji wa kimataifa. Lakini [[Wayahudi]] walitangaza [[uhuru]] wa Dola la Israeli. Wenyeji Waarabu walipinga azimio hili na [[vita]] ilitokea. Baada ya [[mkataba]] wa kusalimisha amri Israeli mpya ilikuwa na sehemu ya Palestina kubwa kuliko awali. [[Asilimia]] kubwa ya wakazi Waarabu wa sehemu zilizokuwa chini ya Israeli mpya walikimbia au walifukuzwa nje. [[Ukanda wa Gaza]] ulishikwa na [[Misri]] na [[Ukingo wa Magharibi wa Yordani]] ulitawaliwa na milki ya Yordani.

==Mapigano ya Wapalestina==
{{main|Mapambano kati ya Israeli na Palestina}}
Kati ya wakimbizi Waarabu waliokaa katika makambi huko Lebanoni, Syria, Yordani na Gaza kulikuwa na harakati ya kujielewa kama taifa la Wapalestina wakaunda vyama mbalimbali vya kupigania kurudi kwao lakini hii ilishindikana. Baada ya [[Vita ya siku 6]] mwaka 1967 Gaza na Ukingo wa Magharibi wa Yordani zilitwaliwa na jeshi la Israeli.

Harakati ya Wapalestina Waarabu iliendelea kupigania uhuru. Mapigano haya yalipata namna ya usuluhisho kwa muda na katika [[mapatano ya Oslo]] mwaka [[1993]] yalianzishwa [[Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Palestina]] yaliyotangaza Dola la Palestina.

==Palestina mpya==
Kwa sasa Palestina ni nchi katika mwendo wa kupata uhuru kamili lakini hakuna uhakika mwendo huu utakamilishwa lini.

Maeneo ya Palestina yanatengwa kati ya sehemu chini ya serikali ya Palestina na maeneo yanayosimamiwa na [[Israeli]].

Maeneo haya yako kati ya [[mto Yordani]] na pwani ya [[Mediteranea]]: ni hasa [[Ukingo wa Magharibi wa Yordani]] na [[Ukanda wa Gaza]].

Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Palestina ina kiwango fulani cha madaraka ya kiserikali katika baadhi ya maeneo haya.

Mamlaka hayo hutambuliwa na nchi nyingi za Waarabu kama [[serikali]] halisi. Jumuia ya kimataifa kwa ujumla imetambua mamlaka kwa viwango mbalimbali lakini si kama serikali kamili ya nchi huru. Hivyo Mamlaka ina kiti cha mtazamaji kwenye [[Umoja wa Mataifa]].

Maeneo ya Palestina ya sasa yamepakana na [[Israel]], [[Yordani]] na [[Misri]]. Kanda la Gaza lina pwani kwenye [[Mediteranea]].

== Ramani za mabadiliko ya mipaka ya Palestina==
<gallery>
File: Proposals for the Mandate of Palestine 1916-19.svg|1 '''Mapendekezo ya 1916-22 ''': {{small|Mapendekezo matatu kwa utawala wa Palestina baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza. Mstari mwekundi ni mpaka wa "International Administration" iliyopendekezwa katika [[Mapatano ya Sykes–Picot ya 1916]], mstari buluu uliokatwa ni pendekezo la 1919 la [[Shirika la Uzayuni]] kwenye Mkutano wa Paris 1919, Na mstari buluu mwembamba ni mipaka ya eneo la kukabidhiwa la Palestina chini ya mamlaka ya Uingereza 1923-48 }}
File: Jewish and Arab Land Ownership in Mandatory Palestine, 1947.svg|2 '''Ardhi ya Kiyahudi 1947 ''': {{small|Ardhi iliyokuwa mali ya Wayahudi katika Eneo la kukabidhiwa la Palestina mnamo mwaka 1947. Idadi ya wakazi Wayahudi iliongezeka kuanzia watu 83,790 mwaka 1922 hadi 608,000 mwaka 1946.}} 
File: United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine map.svg|3'''Mpango wa Umoja wa Kimataifa kwa Ugawaji wa Palestina 1947 ''': {{small|Azimio la UM lilitaka kugawa Palestina kwa sehemu tatu: Dola la Kiyahudi (nyeupe), Dola la Kiarabu (Kijani) na Yerusalemu kama mji wa pekee. }}
File: Palestinian Territories, 1948-67.svg|4 '''1948-67 ''': {{small|Baada ya vita ya uhuru wa Israel Ukanda wa Gaza ulibaki chini ya Misri na [[Ukingo wa Magharibi ya Yordani]] chini ya milki ya Yordani. Yerusalemu iligawiwa kati ya Israel na Yordani. }}
File: Palestinian National Authority within Israel, 2013.svg|5 '''1993 hadi sasa''': {{small|Maeneo yaliyo chini ya Serikali ya Palestina.}}
</gallery>

== Tazama pia ==
* [[Mgongano kati ya Israeli na nchi za Waarabu]]
* [[Mapambano kati ya Israeli na Palestina]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://www.palwatch.org/ Palestinian Media Watch – Timing and methods of the base of the Palestinian Authority]
* [http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/ The Palestinian Basic Law – A collection of various propsals and amendments to the Basic Law of Palestine]
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/mideast/cuvlm/Palestine.html Columbia University Libraries – ''Palestine''], directory category of the WWW-VL.
*{{dmoz|Regional/Middle_East/Palestinian_Territory/Government|Palestinian Territory Government}}

'''Serikali'''
* [http://www.sis.gov.ps/english/index.html State Information Service] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sis.gov.ps/english/index.html |date=20030811082848 }}
* [http://www.mop.gov.ps/ Ministry of Planning] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mop.gov.ps/ |date=20071011030018 }}
* [http://www.minfo.ps/English/index.php?pagess=home Ministry of Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20090408032711/http://www.minfo.ps/English/index.php?pagess=home |date=2009-04-08 }}
*{{ar icon}} [http://www.moehe.gov.ps/ Ministry of Education and Higher Education] {{Wayback|url=http://www.moehe.gov.ps/ |date=20151031074554 }}
* [http://www.moehe.gov.ps/ENG/index.html Ministry of Education and Higher Education] {{Wayback|url=http://www.moehe.gov.ps/ENG/index.html |date=20080511185526 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/*/www.mol.gov.ps/english/index.html Ministry of Labor] (archive)
*{{ar icon}} [http://www.pal-plc.org/ The Palestinian Legislative Council] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pal-plc.org/ |date=20160303202608 }}
* [http://www.mne.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lng=1 Ministry of the National Economy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mne.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lng=1 |date=20151018041523 }}
* [http://www.nad-plo.org/ Negotiations Affairs Department] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nad-plo.org/ |date=20200203072728 }}
* [http://www.pecdar.org/ PECDAR – Palestinian Economic Council for Development and Reconstruction] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pecdar.org/ |date=20071211215011 }}
* [http://www.palestine-pmc.com/ Palestine Media Center]{{ar icon}}

'''Israeli na Mamlaka ya Palestina'''
* [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/HumanitarianAid/Palestinians/Israel_Report_AHLC_Sept_2012.htm Measures Taken by Israel in Support of Developing the Palestinian Economy and Socio-Economic Structure]

{{Asia}}
{{Mbegu-jio-Asia}}

[[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]]
[[Jamii:Palestina]]
[[Jamii:Mashariki ya Kati]]