Tazama chanzo cha Korea Kaskazini

{{Infobox Country
|native_name              = 조선민주주의인민공화국<br />朝鮮民主主義人民共和國<br />''Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk''&nbsp;<sup>a</sup><br />
|conventional_long_name   = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Korea
|conventional_short_name  =
|common_name              = Korea Kaskazini
|image_flag               = Flag of North Korea.svg
|image_coat               = Coat of Arms of North Korea.svg
|national_motto           = ''Nchi tajiri na kubwa (강성대국)''&nbsp;<sup>b</sup>
|image_map                = LocationNorthKorea.png
|national_anthem          = ''[[Aegukka]]''
|official_languages       = [[Kikorea]]
|capital                  = [[Pyonyang|P'yŏngyang]]
|latd=39 |latm=2 |latNS=N |longd=125 |longm=45 |longEW=E
|government_type          = [[Udikteta]] ya [[chama kimoja]]
|leader_titles            = [[Kiongozi Mkuu]]
|leader_names             = [[Kim Jong-un]]
|largest_city             = [[Pyongyang]]
|area                     = 120,540
|areami²                  = 46,528 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|area_rank                = ya 98
|area_magnitude           = 1 E11
|percent_water            = 4.87
|population_estimate      = 24,895,000<sup>f</sup>
|population_estimate_year = 2013
|population_estimate_rank = ya 48
|population_census        = 24,052,231
|population_census_year   = 2011
|population_density       = 198.3
|population_densitymi²    = 513.8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank  = ya 63
|GDP_PPP_year             = 2005
|GDP_PPP                  = $40 billioni
|GDP_PPP_rank             = ya 85
|GDP_PPP_per_capita       = $1,800
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank  = ya 149
|HDI_year                 = 2003
|HDI                      = n/a
|HDI_rank                 =
|HDI_category             = <font color="gray">n/a</font>
|sovereignty_type         = Kuundwa kwa
|established_events       = Ufalme wa [[Gojoseon]] <br /> Tangazo la uhuru bado chini ya [[Japani]]<br /> Ukombozi kutoka utawala wa Japani<br /> Jamhuri
|established_dates        = <br />[[3 Oktoba]] [[2333 KK]]<sup>a</sup><br /> [[1 Machi]] [[1919]]<br />[[15 Agosti]] [[1945]]<br />[[15 Agosti]][[1948]] <br />[[9 Septemba]] [[1948]]
|currency                 = [[Won ya Korea Kaskazini]] (₩)
|currency_code            = KPW
|time_zone                =
|utc_offset               = +9
|DST_note                 = ''not observed''
|time_zone_DST            =
|utc_offset_DST           =
|cctld                    = none ([[.kp]] reserved)
|calling_code             = 850
|footnotes                = <sup>g</sup> Legendary.<br /><sup>h</sup> Symbolic.
}}

'''Korea ya Kaskazini''' ([[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Korea''') ni nchi ya [[Asia ya Mashariki]] iliyoko kwenye [[nusu]] ya kaskazini ya [[rasi ya Korea]]. 

Imepakana na [[Korea Kusini]], [[China]] na [[Urusi]].

[[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Pyongyang]].

== Historia ==
Korea Kaskazini kama nchi ya pekee ni tokeo la ugawaji wa [[Korea]] baada ya [[vita kuu ya pili ya dunia|Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]].

Korea yote ilikuwa [[koloni]] la [[Japan]] kuanzia [[1910]] hadi [[mwaka]] [[1945]]. Kwenye mwisho wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia [[jeshi]] la Urusi liliwafuata Wajapani [[kaskazini]] mwa [[rasi]] na [[Wamarekani]] waliingia [[kusini]]. 

Mwanzoni kulikuwa na majadiliano ya kuunganisha Korea tena lakini [[Vita Baridi]] ilileta uadui kati ya pande hizo mbili. Kila moja ilianzisha [[serikali]] ya pekee katika kanda la [[utawala]] wake kufuatana na [[itikadi]] yake. Warusi walitaifisha tasnia na [[ardhi]] wakaacha serikali ya [[ukomunisti|kikomunisti]] katika kaskazini na Wamarekani waliacha [[uchumi]] wa [[Ubepari|kibepari]] na serikali iliyochaguliwa katika kusini.

Katika [[vita ya Korea]] iliyofuata Korea ya Kaskazini iliweza kudumu kwa sababu ya msaada msaada wa kijeshi wa China iliyomwaga [[askari]] [[milioni]] [[moja]] nchini.

Kiongozi Mkomunisti [[Kim Il-Sung]] alishika [[mamlaka]] akatawala kama [[dikteta]] kwa [[msaada]] wa [[chama cha kikomunisti]] na [[jeshi]].

Alipokufa mwaka [[1994]] [[mwana]] wake [[Kim Jong-il]] alichukua nafasi yake hadi alipofariki tarehe [[17 Desemba]] [[2011]]. Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na [[mtoto]] wake [[Kim Jong-un]].

Kim Il-Sung aliunda itikadi ya "Juche"; inaitwa [[falsafa]] ya kuendeleza [[Umaksi]], lakini hali halisi ni itikadi inayotakiwa kutoa msingi kwa utawala wa kidikteta. Ingawa ilidai kutafuta [[maendeleo]] ya kujitegemea, Korea Kaskazini ilikuwa nchi iliyotegemea msaada kutoka Urusi kwa [[historia]] yake yote. 

Baada ya mwisho wa [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] msaada huo ulikwisha na Korea Kaskazini iliingia katika kipindi kigumu sana ki[[uchumi]].

Leo hii nchi haiwezi kulisha watu wakeː hutegemea usaidizi wa [[vyakula]] kutoka jumuiya ya kimataifa.

[[Udikteta]] katika Korea Kaskazini ni wa Kikomunisti kwa jina, lakini una [[tabia]] za ki[[dini]] ndani yake. Kim Il-Sung alitangazwa kuwa "rais wa milele"; Kim Jong-Il hakutumia [[cheo]] rasmi isipokuwa "mwenyekiti wa kamati ya utetezi wa taifa" kinachomaanisha kitu kama "mkuu wa jeshi".

Katika mwaka [[2006]] Korea Kaskazini ililitekeleza [[mlipuko wa nyuklia]].

== Miji ==
{{main|Orodha ya miji ya Korea Kaskazini}}
[[Mji]] mkubwa ni Pyongyang ambao, pamoja na [[rundiko la jiji]], una wakazi 3,702,757 ([[1 Januari]] [[2005]]) na hivyo [[asilimia]] 16 za [[taifa]] huishi katika mji mkuu.

Miji mikubwa mingine haipitii [[nusu]] milioni ya wakazi. Watu wa Korea Kaskazini hawawezi kuhama kwa hiari yao kutoka mahali pamoja kwenda penginepo bila kibali.<ref>[www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,PRK,4562d8cf2,487ca236c0,0.html United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]  (July 2, 2008) "UNHCR Freedom in the World 2008 - North Korea". Unhcr.org. Retrieved 2011-04-08</ref>

==Watu==
Wakazi karibu wote ni Wakorea asilia, isipokuwa Wachina na Wajapani wachache.

[[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kikorea]], kinachotumika hata Korea Kusini na katika maeneo kadhaa ya China.

Upande wa [[dini]], kuna [[dhuluma]] kubwa, ingawa [[katiba]] inatangaza [[uhuru wa dini|uhuru]]. Kwa jumla kumbukumbu za nchi katika kuheshimu [[haki za binadamu]] si nzuri hata kidogo. Pamoja na hayo, 16% wanafuata [[dini za jadi]], 13.5% [[Uchondo]] (mchanganyiko wa dini za jadi, [[Ubuddha]], [[Utao]] na [[Ukatoliki]]), 4.5% ni Wabuddha na 1.7% [[Wakristo]].

==Uchumi==
===Maendeleo mwanzoni chini ya mfumo wa Ukomunisti===
[[Picha:Korea wakati wa usiku 23 March 2017.png|400px|thumb|Picha ya Rasi ya Korea mnamo Machi 2017 kutoka angani wakati wa usiku inaonyesha upungufu wa umeme katika kaskazini; Korea Kusini inaonyesha nuru nyingi lakini Kaskazini iko gizani]]

Uchumi wa pande zote mbili za Korea ulikuwa duni sana baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Pili]].
Mwanzoni nchi ilifuata mfano wa kutunga mipango ya miaka mitano kama [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] (Urusi). Viwanda, maduka na biashara yote vilitaifishwa na kuwekwa mkononi mwa dola. Siasa ililenga hali ya kujitegemea na biashara ya nje ilitekelezwa tu na nchi za kikomunisti. Pamoja na msaada kutoka Urusi na China kulikuwa na maendeleo ya haraka ya kiuchumi hadi mnamo 1960. Hapo tija ya mfumo wa uchumi unaopangwa ulianza kufikia misho wake na kuonyesha upungufu wa nguvukazi, ardhi ya kulima na vyombo vya usafiri na malengo ya mipango hayakufikiwa tena<ref>8http://cdn.loc.gov/master/frd/frdcstdy/no/northkoreacountr00word/northkoreacountr00word.pdf Country Study North Korea uk. 138]</ref>. 

Kuanzia 1980 Korea Kusini ilianza kupita mafanikio ya uchumi wa kaskazini. <ref>Country Study North Korea uk. 142</ref>

Mwaka 1993 Korea Kaskazini iliacha kutangaza mipango ya uchumi.<ref>Country Study North Korea uk. 140</ref>

===Kuporomoka kwa uchumi tangu 1990===
Kuanzia mnamo 1991 kuporomoka kwa [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] na nchi nyingine za kikomunisti kulileta kupotea kwa masoko ya nje na mwisho wa misaada kutoka nje. Uzalishaji wa vyakula ulipungua sana kwa sababu matrekta na mashine nyingine ziliharibika bila vipuli kupatikana, Viwanda vya mbolea vilikwama kutokana na uhaba wa mafuta na kuharibika kwa mashine. Baada ya mafuriko na [[maafa ya asilia]] mengine uchumi uliporomoka kabisa. Wananchi walianza kuona njaa iliyoua angalau nusu milioni katika kipindi cha 1994 hadi 2000 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://piie.com/publications/wp/99-2.pdf |title=Noland, Marcus, Sherman Robinson and Tao Wang, Famine in North Korea: Causes and Cures, Institute for International Economics |accessdate=2017-04-23 |archivedate=2017-08-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808220715/https://piie.com/publications/wp/99-2.pdf }}</ref>

Kuanzia mwaka 2000 msaada wa kimataifa ulileta msaada lakini uchumi ulibaki duni kwa sababu miundombinu iliyochakaa na uzalishaji mdogo wa umeme. Majaribio ya kulegeza uchumi wa kupangwa yalileta nafuu kwa sehemu za wananchi ilhali wanachama wa chama tawala, jeshi na wakazi wa miji mikubwa hasa Pyonyang walipewa kipaumbele lakini hali mbaya imeendelea hasa vijijini. Serikali bado inatwala karibu viwanda vyote na asilimia kubwa ya pato la taifa linatumiwa kwa jeshi ambalo ni jeshi kubwa duniani. <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322222/North-Korea/34929/Economy Economy North Korea, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, iliangaliwa 31 May 2014]</ref>

Kuanzia mwaka [[1998]] [[soko|masoko]] madogo ya [[wakulima]] yaliruhusiwa. Serikali ilijaribu kuyabana tena tangu mwaka [[2009]] lakini ililazimishwa kuyaruhusu tena<ref>[http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk00400&num=7084 Kim Jong Eun's Long-lasting Pain in the Neck], TheDailyNK, 30 November 2010</ref>. 

Vyakula na makazi hutolewa kwa [[bei]] pungufu kwa misaada ya serikali, [[elimu]] na [[huduma za afya]] ni bure. <ref>[http://cdn.loc.gov/master/frd/frdcstdy/no/northkoreacountr00word/northkoreacountr00word.pdf North Korea: a country study] Federal Research Division, Library of Congress; edited by Robert L. Worden. 5th ed.p.cm. (Area handbook series) "Research completed October 2007." ISBN 978-0-8444-1188-0 1. Korea (North). Uk. 8</ref> [[Kodi]] za mapato zilifutwa rasmi mwaka [[1974]].<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/dprk/2006/dprk-060321-kcna03.htm DPRK—Only Tax-free Country] Tovuti ya Globalsecurity, iliangaliwa 19 June 2009</ref> 

Kuna bidhaa katika [[duka|maduka]] ya Pyongyang lakini hali ni tofauti katika sehemu kubwa za nchi.<ref>[http://news.msn.com/world/pyongyang-glitters-but-most-of-north-korea-still-dark Pyongyang glitters but most of North Korea still dark] {{Wayback|url=http://news.msn.com/world/pyongyang-glitters-but-most-of-north-korea-still-dark |date=20140707152256 }} Taarifa ya AP / tovuti ya MSN News ya 28 Aprili 2013, iliangaliwa 15 Juni 2014</ref> ilhali wananchi wengi hutegemea masoko madogo.

Hata hivyo hadi mwaka [[2017]] [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] hutoa taarifa kuwa watu 2 kati ya 5 (40[[%]]) hawana chakula cha kutosha, hali inayoathiri hasa [[watoto]]. Zaidi ya asilimia 70 za wakazi wa Korea kaskazini hutegemea msaada wa chakula. Wakati wa mwaka 2016 ugawaji wa [[nafaka]] na [[viazi]] ulipungua kutoka lengo la [[gramu]] 380 kwa mtu na siku hadi gramu 300 pekee kwa miezi kadhaa.<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39349726 North Korea hunger: Two in five undernourished, says UN] (tovuti ya BBC 22 March 2017, iliangaliwa Aprili 2017</ref>

==Jeshi==
[[Jeshi la Wananchi wa Korea]] ni jeshi la Korea Kaskazini lenye askari 1,106,000, kwa hiyo nchi hii iko kati ya nchi [[tano]] [[duniani]] zilizo na jeshi la kudumu lenye askari zaidi ya milioni. Kulingana na idadi ya wakazi wanajeshi ni wengi kabisa; kuna mwanajeshi 1 kwa raia 20<ref>[http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/North-Korea/Military North Korea Military Stats], tovuti ya Nation Master, iliangaliwa  Aprili 2017</ref>. (kwa ulinganifu [[Uhindi]] uhusiano ni 1:865, [[Marekani]] 1:220). Pamoja na wanamgambo kuna watu milioni 4.7 waliotayarishwa kubeba silaha. 

Jeshi huwa na matawi matano: 
*Jeshi la ardhi
*Jeshi la maji
*Jeshi la anga
*Jeshi la makombora
*Jeshi la shughuli mahsusi

Amri ya juu imo mikononi mwa kamati mbili: moja ni kamati ya ulinzi ya [[Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Korea]] na nyingine ni Kamati ya Kisiasa ya Dola inayosimamia pia [[wizara ya ulinzi]].

[[Wanaume]] wote wanakaguliwa na wanaweza kuandikishwa jeshini kwa miaka 10. Tangu mwaka 2015 pia [[wanawake]] wenye [[umri]] wa 17-20 waliomaliza [[shule]] ya [[sekondari]] wanaandikishwa kwa miaka 3. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/31/north-korea-mandatory-military-service-women  North Korea introduces 'mandatory military service for women], The Guardian (UK), 31 January 2015, iliangaliwa Aprili 2017</ref> 

Jeshi huwa na idadi kubwa ya vifaa lakini kuna tatizo kubwa la kwamba [[Kifaru (jeshi)|vifaru]], [[ndege za kijeshi]] na [[manowari]] ni za kale sana na [[teknolojia]] ni ya [[miaka ya 1950]]-[[miaka ya 1970|1970]]. Hakuna uhakika kiasi gani zinafanya kazi kutokana na hali bovu ya tasnia na uhaba wa vipuli. Korea Kaskazini ilijitahidi kutengeneza makombora na vifaa vingine kwa kunakili sampuli kutoka Urusi na China lakini inaonekana idadi iliyoweza kutengenezwa ni ndogo. Imekadiriwa na watazamaji kuwa wanaanga wanakosa [[mafuta]] ya kufanya mazoezi ya kutosha. <ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/11/24/north.korea.capability/index.html  North Korea's military aging but sizable] {{Wayback|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/11/24/north.korea.capability/index.html |date=20140903021838 }} , taarifa ya CNN ya November 25, 2010 - iliangaliwa Aprili 2017</ref>

Jitihada za kutengeneza [[silaha za nyuklia]] zilileta mlipuko wa kwanza wa kinyuklia mwaka [[2006]]. Hii imesababisha kuongezeka kwa [[hofu]] za majirani pamoja, na Korea Kaskazini iliahidi mara kadhaa kusimamisha [[mradi]] huo. Baada ya kurudia milikuko ya majaribio [[Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa]] kwa [[kura]] za wanachama wote lilitangaza [[adhabu]] dhidi ya nchi na kutakaza maendeleo ya programu hiyo lakini Korea Kaskazini imeendelea ikiaminiwa kuwa na akiba ndogo ya silaha hizi. Lakini hakuna uhakika kama kuna makombora yanayoweza kutegemewa kwa mashambulio.

== Tazama pia ==
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Tanbihi==
<references/>

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{commons}}
;Serikali
* [http://kcna.kp/kcna.user.home.retrieveHomeInfoList.kcmsf?lang=eng http://kcna.kp/] {{Wayback|url=http://kcna.kp/kcna.user.home.retrieveHomeInfoList.kcmsf?lang=eng |date=20160304201221 }} – The website of the [[Korean Central News Agency]]
* [http://naenara.com.kp/en/ naenara.com.kp/en/] {{Wayback|url=http://naenara.com.kp/en/ |date=20160527002656 }} – The official North Korean governmental portal [[Naenara]]
* [http://www.korea-dpr.com/ Official webpage of The Democratic People's Republic of Korea] – maintained by the [[Korean Friendship Association]]

;Jeshi
* [https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/110712_Cordesman_KoreaMilBalance_WEB.pdf The Korean Military Balance comparative korean forces and the forces of key neighboring states] {{Wayback|url=https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/110712_Cordesman_KoreaMilBalance_WEB.pdf |date=20170421230557 }}, tovuti ya CSIS ya Julai 2011, iliangaliwa Aprili 2017

;Tovuti mbalimbali
* [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/CoIDPRK/Pages/ReportoftheCommissionofInquiryDPRK.aspx United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights] – Report by the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/North_Korea}}
* {{CIA World Factbook link|kn|North Korea}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15256929 North Korea profile] from the [[BBC News]]
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/322222/North-Korea North Korea] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
* {{Wikiatlas|North Korea}}
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/nkorea.htm North Korea] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/nkorea.htm |date=20090612212909 }} – Link Collection ([[University of Colorado at Boulder]] Libraries GovPubs)
*[http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA24/001/2011/en/2671e54f-1cd1-46c1-96f1-6a463efa6f65/asa240012011en.pdf Amnesty International: North Korea: Political Prison Camps] {{Wayback|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA24/001/2011/en/2671e54f-1cd1-46c1-96f1-6a463efa6f65/asa240012011en.pdf |date=20120914120858 }} – Document on conditions in North Korean prison camps
* [http://ashen-rus.livejournal.com/ "Show and Tell Pyongyang"] – A blog, often with images, in Russian
* [http://nknews.org/2011/01/christmas-and-new-years-celebrations-in-the-dprk/ Article about Show and Tell Pyongyang] in English on NK News
* [http://www.dailynk.com/english/index.php The Daily NK: The Hub of North Korean News] – News about North Korea and human rights
* The website of the [[Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries]] at [http://www.friend.com.kp/index.php?module=home&current_language=en friend.com.kp] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20151106055230/http://www.friend.com.kp/index.php?module=home&current_language=en |date=2015-11-06 }}
* [http://www.koredufund.org.kp/ Korea Education Fund]( {{Wayback|url=http://www.koredufund.org.kp/ |date=20151011102825 }})
* The website of the digital edition of the ''[[Rodong Sinmun]]'' newspaper at [http://www.rodong.rep.kp/en/ rodong.rep.kp]
* Profiles of North Korean Cities [http://www.univie.ac.at/koreanologie/index.php?id=north-korean-cities] {{Wayback|url=http://www.univie.ac.at/koreanologie/index.php?id=north-korean-cities |date=20160101084243 }}

;Picha
* Flickr tags: [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/tags/northkorea/ North Korea]. Sets: [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/sets/72157604812751507/], [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/sets/72157627770809988/], [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/sets/72157628202096001/], [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/samgellman/sets/72157627661307874/], [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/shining75/sets/72157631582514433/], [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/sets/72157628202062371/], [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/sets/72157628202040649/], [https://secure.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/sets/72157628201763951/]. Groups: [https://secure.flickr.com/groups/dprk/pool/], [https://secure.flickr.com/groups/northkorea/pool/]
* [http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/45314,news-comment,news-politics,inside-north-korea-rare-insight-into-a-very-foreign-country Inside North Korea] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/45314,news-comment,news-politics,inside-north-korea-rare-insight-into-a-very-foreign-country |date=20110812100145 }} – slideshow by ''[[The First Post]]''
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/uriminzok/ North Korea's official flickr], uriminzok, 우리민족끼리

{{asia}}
{{mbegu-jio-Asia}}

[[Jamii:Korea Kaskazini]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]]