Tazama chanzo cha Kanada

{{Infobox Country 
|native_name = Canada
|common_name = Canada
|image_flag = Flag_of_Canada.svg 
|image_coat = Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg
|symbol_type = Nembo 
|national_motto = [[Kilatini]]: ''A Mari Usque Ad Mare''<br />("Bahari hadi bahari") 
|national_anthem = "[[O Canada]]"<br /> Wimbo wa kifalme: "[[God Save the King]]"
|image_map = CanadaWorldMap.png 
|capital = [[Ottawa]] |latd=45|latm=24|latNS=N|longd=75|longm=40|longEW=W
|name = Formal Name:Canada <br />Common Name:Canada 
|largest_city = [[Toronto]] 
|official_languages = [[Kiingereza]], [[Kifaransa]]
|government_type = [[Ufalme wa kikatiba]], [[shirikisho]], <br />[[demokrasia]]
|leader_titles = <br />[[Mfalme]]  <br /> [[Gavana Mkuu]]<br /> [[Waziri mkuu wa Kanada|Waziri mkuu]]
|leader_names = [[Charles III wa Uingereza|Charles III]] <br /> [[Mary Simon]]<br /> [[Justin Trudeau]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]] 
|sovereignty_note = Kutoka [[Uingereza]]
|established_events = [[Sheria kuhusu Amerika ya Kaskazini ya Kiingereza|Sheria ya 1867]] <br /> [[Mkataba wa Westminster wa 1931|Mkataba wa Westminster]] <br /> [[Sheria kuhusu Kanada ya 1982|Sheria kuhusu Kanada]]
|established_dates = <br />[[1 Julai]] [[1867]] <br /> [[11 Desemba]] [[1931]] <br /> [[17 Aprili]] [[1982]]
|area = 9,984,670
|areami²= 3,854,085  <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
|area_rank = ya 2 
|area_magnitude = 1 E12 
|percent_water = 11.76 
|population_estimate = 39,858,480 
|population_estimate_year = 2023
|population_estimate_rank = ya 37 
|population_census = 36,991,981
|population_census_year = 2021
|population_density = 4.2 
|population_densitymi² = 10.9 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
|population_density_rank = ya 236 
|GDP_PPP_year = 2005 
|GDP_PPP = $1.105 trillioni <!--IMF-->
|GDP_PPP_rank = ya 11 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $34,273
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 7 
|HDI_year = 2005 
|HDI = 0.949 
|HDI_rank = ya 5 
|HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> 
|currency = [[Dollar ya Kanada]] ($)
|currency_code =<br />CAD 
|time_zone = 
|utc_offset = -3.5 to -8 
|time_zone_DST = 
|utc_offset_DST = -2.5 to -7 
|cctld = [[.ca]] 
|calling_code = 1 
|ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = CA
|ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = CAN
|ISO_3166-1_numeric =
|sport_code = CAN
|vehicle_code = CDN
|footnotes = 
}}
'''Kanada''' ni nchi kubwa ya [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] na ya pili [[dunia]]<nowiki/>ni kwa eneo baada ya [[Urusi]], lakini [[idadi]] ya wakazi ni 39,858,480 tu ([[2023]]). 

Kwenye nchi kavu imepakana na [[Marekani]] bara na jimbo la [[Alaska]]. Mbele ya pwani zake kuna [[kisiwa]] kikubwa cha [[Greenland]] ambacho ni chini ya [[Denmark]] halafu visiwa vidogo vya [[St. Pierre na Miquelon]] ([[Ufaransa]]).

[[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Ottawa]].

== Jiografia ==
Kanada ni nchi kubwa ya pili [[duniani]] lakini maeneo mengi ni [[baridi]] mno, hawana watu. 

[[Pwani]] ya Kanada ni ndefu kushinda nchi zote za dunia, ikipakana na [[Atlantiki]], [[Pasifiki]] na [[Bahari ya Aktika]].

Jumla ya wakazi [[milioni]] 40 huishi katika majimbo 10 na maeneo matatu ya kitaifa. 

Katika eno la [[km²]] 9,984,670, km² 9,093,507 ni nchi kavu na km² 891,163 ni [[maji]].  

[[Umbali]] kutoka [[Rasi Columbia]] kwenye [[kisiwa cha Ellesmere]] katika kaskazini hadi [[kisiwa]] cha [[Middle Island]] katika [[ziwa la Erie]] jimboni Ontaria ni [[km]] 4,634. 

Umbali kutoka [[Rasi Spear]] katika [[Newfoundland]] upande wa [[mashariki]] hadi mpaka na [[Alaska]] upande wa magharibi ni km 5,514.

[[Mto]] mkubwa kabisa nchini Kanada ni [[Mto Mackenzie]] upande wa [[magharibi]] wa nchi.

===Milima===
{{main|Orodha ya milima ya Kanada}}
Baadhi ya [[milima]] mirefu zaidi ni:
* [[Mlima Logan]] (m 5,959) - [[Yukon]] kilele cha juu cha Kanada
* [[Mlima Saint Elias]] (m 5,489) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Lucania]] (m 5,226) - [[Yukon]]
* [[King Peak]] (m 5,173) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Wood]] (m 4,850) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Vancouver]] (m 4,813) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Fairweather]] (m 4,671) - kilele cha juu cha [[British Columbia]]  
* [[Mlima Hubbard]] (m 4,557) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Walsh]] (m 4,507) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Augusta]] (m 4,289) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Strickland]] (m 4,240) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Cook]] (m 4,196) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Waddington]] (m 4,019) - [[British Columbia]] 
* [[Mlima Robson]] (m 3,959) - [[British Columbia]] 
* [[Mlima Queen Mary]] (m 3,928) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Columbia]] (m 3,741) - kilele cha juu cha [[Alberta]] / [[British Columbia]] 
* [[Mlima King George]] (m 3,741) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Northern Twin]] (m 3,731) - [[Alberta]] 
* [[Mlima Clemenceau]] (m 3,664) - [[British Columbia]] 
* [[Mlima Forbes]] (m 3,617) - [[Alberta]] 
* [[Mlima Assiniboine]] (m 3,616) - Alberta / British Columbia 
* [[Mlima Goodsir]] (m 3,567) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Rouanez]] (m 3,555) - [[British Columbia]] 
* [[Mlima Temple]] (m 3,540) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Upton]] (m 3,520) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Sir Sandford]] (m 3,519) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Sir Wilfrid Laurier]] (m 3,516) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Lyell]] (m 3,498) - mpaka wa [[Alberta]] na [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Farnham]] (m 3,493) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Athabasca]] (m 3,491) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Brazeau]] (m 3,470) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Joffre]] (m 3,433) - Alberta / British Columbia
* [[Tsar Mountain]] (m 3,417) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Mfalme George]] (m 3,413) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Howser Spire]] (m 3,412) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Sir Douglas]] (m 3,411) - Alberta / British Columbia
* [[Whitehorn Mountain]] (m 3,399) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Hector]] (m 3,394) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Dawson]] (m 3,377) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Willingdon]] (m 3,373) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Edith Cavell]] (m 3,363) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Cline]] (m 3,361) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Fryatt]] (m 3,361) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Harrison]] (m 3,360) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Saskatchewan]] (m 3,342) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Chown]] (m 3,316) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Mike]] (m 3,313) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Saint Bride]] (m 3,312) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Stewart]] (m 3,312) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Queen Bess]] (m 3,298) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Ball]] (m 3,294) - Alberta / British Columbia
* [[Mlima Sir Alexander]] (m 3,275) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Monashee]] (m 3,274) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Good Hope]] (m 3,242) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Iconoclast Mountain]] (m 3,236) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Rae]] (m 3,225) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Rogers]] (m 3,208) - [[British Columbia]] 
* [[Mlima Ida]] (m 3,200) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Galatea]] (m 3,185) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Razorback]] (m 3,183) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Monmouth]] (m 3,182) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Findlay]] (m 3,181) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Ethelbert]] (m 3,176) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Aylmer]] (m 3,162) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Seattle]] (m 3,150) - [[Yukon]]
* [[Mlima Nasser]] (m 3,138) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Raleigh]] (m 3,132) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Grenville]] (m 3,126) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Old Goat]] (m 3,120) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Evan-Thomas]] (m 3,098) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Cooper]] (m 3,094) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Moloch]] (m 3,094) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Ratz]] (m 3,090) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Majestic Mountain]] (m 3,086) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Tatlow]] (m 3,063) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Taseko Mountain]] (m 3,063) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Kates Needle]] (m 3,053) - Alberta / British Columbia
* [[Mlima Templeman]] (m 3,050) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Moore]] (m 3,044) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Quanstrom]] (m 3,038) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Talchako Mountain]] (m 3,037) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Washburn]] (m 3,033) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Ulysses]] (m 3,024) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Tisiphone]] (m 3,021) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[The Rajah]] (m 3,018) - [[Alberta]]
* [[Mlima Vishnu]] (m 3,008) - [[British Columbia]]
* [[Mlima Hornickel]] (m 3,002) - [[British Columbia]]

Mingine chini ya m 3,000 ni:
* [[Mlima Meager]] (m 2,680) - [[British Columbia]], [[volkeno]]
* [[Mlima Garibaldi]] (m 2,675) - [[British Columbia]], volkeno
* [[Mlima Cayley]] (m 2,385) - [[British Columbia]], volkeno
* [[Mlima Blackcomb]] (m 2,284) - [[British Columbia]] 
* [[Golden Hinde]] (m 2,195) - [[British Columbia]] kilele cha juu cha [[kisiwa Vancouver]]
* [[Whistler Mountain]] (m 2,182) - [[British Columbia]] 
* [[Bishop's Mitre]] - [[Milima Kaumajet]]
* [[Mlima Marble]] - [[Long Range]]
* [[Mlima Caubvik]] (m 1,652) - [[Milima Torngat]] 
* [[Mlima Man O'War]] (m 1,050) - [[Milima Kiglapait]]
* [[Mlima Thor]] (m 1,675)

== Historia ==
Maeneo ya Kanada yalianza kukaliwa walau 14,000 iliyopita na wahamiaji kutoka [[Asia ya Kaskazini]].

[[Wazungu]] wa kwanza waliofika walikuwa [[Wanorwei]] kutoka [[Greenland]] mnamo mwaka [[1000]] [[BK]]. Lakini hawakukaa muda mrefu sana. 

Katika [[karne]] zilizofuata kuna uwezekano wa kwamba [[wavuvi]] kutoka [[Ulaya ya Kaskazini]] walifika pwani za Kanada mara kwa mara na kujenga makazi ya muda wakikausha [[samaki]] kwa ajili ya [[safari]] za kurudi, lakini hakuna uhakika.

Tarehe [[26 Aprili]] [[1497]] alifika [[Mwitalia]] [[Giovanni Caboto]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]] huitwa "John Cabot") kwenye visiwa vya [[Newfoundland]] akiwa katika [[utumishi]] wa [[malkia]] wa [[Uingereza]] akavitangaza kuwa eneo la Waingereza.

Mnamo [[1534]]/[[1535]] [[Ufaransa|Wafaransa]] walifika katika eneo la [[Mto Saint Lawrence]] na kujenga makao yao. 

[[Wapelelezi]] na [[walowezi]] kutoka [[Ulaya]] walileta pamoja nao [[magonjwa]] ambayo hayakujulikana kwa wenyeji asilia na yalisababisha [[kifo|vifo]] vingi kati yao. Kupunguzwa kwa wakazi asilia kulisaidia upanuzi wa walowezi Wazungu kota Amerika.

Ma[[koloni]] ya Waingereza na Wafaransa yalikua polepole. Katika [[Vita ya Miaka Saba]] Ufaransa ulipotea maeneo yake yote yaliyotwaliwa na Uingereza. Visiwa vya [[St. Pierre na Miquelon]] pekee vilibaki upande wa Ufaransa. Uingereza uliamua kukubali [[utamaduni]] wa pekee wa wakazi Wafaransa katika jimbo la [[Quebec]]. Hadi leo wanaendelea kutumia Kifaransa na kufuata hasa [[Ukatoliki]], tofauti na Wakanada wenye asili ya Kiingereza walio zaidi [[Uprotestanti|Waprotestanti]].

Wakati wa vita ya kupigania uhuru wa Marekani, wakazi wa Kanada walibaki upande wa Uingereza. Hivyo Kanada iliendelea chini ya Uingereza ikaitwa "Amerika ya Kaskazini ya Kiingereza".

Mwaka [[1841]] sehemu mbalimbali ziliunganishwa kama koloni moja la Kanada. 

Mwaka [[1867]] [[Bunge la Uingereza]] lilikubali [[sheria]] iliyounda [[Shirikisho]] la Kanada lenya ma[[jimbo]] manne ya [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]], [[Nova Scotia]] na [[New Brunswick]]. Sasa Kanada ilikuwa nchi ya kujitawala chini ya [[Mfalme]] wa Uingereza.

Kujengwa kwa [[reli]] kati ya Atlantiki na Pasiki na kufika kwa wahamiaji kutoka Ulaya kuliimarisha nchi mpya. Majimbo mapya yaliundwa hadi kufika majimbo 10 na maeneo matatu chini ya shirikisho jinsi ilivyo sasa.

Kanada ilishikamana na Uingereza katika [[Vita Kuu ya Dunia|vita kuu za dunia zote mbili]]. Baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] nchi ilionekana kama nchi ya pekee iliyotoa sahihi yake yenyewe pamoja na Uingereza chini ya [[mkataba wa Versailles]]. 

Mwaka [[1927]] ilipeleka [[balozi]] wa kwanza huko Marekani. 

[[Uhuru]] kamili ulipatikana mwaka [[1982]]. Hadi leo malkia wa Uingereza ni mkuu wa dola akiwakilishwa na [[gavana mkuu]].

== Miji ==
Zaidi ya nusu ya wakazi huishi katika miji mikubwa zaidi. Mji mkubwa ni [[Toronto]] yenye wakazi milioni 5.6 ambayo ni [[bandari]] kwenye [[Ziwa Ontario]] na [[kitovu]] cha [[kiwanda|viwanda]]. [[Montreal]] ni mji wa [[biashara]] wenye milioni 3.27.  

Miji mingine mikubwa ni (idadi ya wakazi katika mabano):
* [[Vancouver]] (2.130.000)
* [[Calgary]] (968.475)
* [[Ottawa]] (874.433)
* [[Edmonton]] (822.319)
* [[jiji la Quebec|Québec]] (745.623)
* [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] (653.637)
* [[Winnipeg]] (632.069 Ew.).

== Majimbo ==
[[Picha:Geopolitical map of Canada.png|thumbnail|350px|right|Ramani ya Kanada na majimbo yake]]
# [[Alberta]] - AB 
# [[British Columbia]] - BC 
# [[Manitoba]] - MB 
# [[New Brunswick]] - {{en}} NB {{fr}} NB 
# [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] - NL
# [[Northwest Territories]] - NT 
# [[Nova Scotia]] - NS
# [[Nunavut]] - NU
# [[Ontario]] - {{en}} ON {{fr}} ON 
# [[Prince Edward Island]] - PE
# [[Quebec]] - {{fr}} PQ 
# [[Saskatchewan]] - SK
# [[Yukon]] - YU

== Watu na lugha ==
Wakazi asilia wa Kanada ni [[Waindio]] na [[Waeskimo]] walioingia Amerika kutoka [[Siberia]] ([[Asia]]). Hakuna hakika walikuwa wangapi wakati wa kufika kwa Wazungu lakini idadi yao ilipungua [[haraka]] kwa sababu watu kutoka Ulaya walileta [[magonjwa ya kuambukizwa]] na wenyeji walikosa [[kingamwili]] dhidi yake. Leo hii idadi imeongezeka tena kiasi: kuna takriban milioni 1.4 au asilimia 4.9 za Wakanada wote. 

Wahamiaji kutoka Ùfaransa walitangulia, wakifuatwa na Waingereza, [[Waskoti]] na [[Waeire]]. Wengine walifuata kutoka [[Ujerumani]], [[Italia]], [[Urusi]], [[Ukraine]], [[Poland]] na penginepo. Kwa jumla wenye asili ya Ulaya ni 69.8%.

Katika miaka ya nyuma wahamiaji wengi wamefika kutoka [[China]] na Asia. [[Wahindi]] wengi waliofukuzwa [[Uganda]] wamehamia Kanada pia. Kwa sasa wenye asili ya Asia ni 19.3%, wakati wenye asili ya [[Afrika]] ni 3.8%. Wakazi asili ni 6.1%

[[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiingereza]] ([[lugha mama]] ya 54%) na [[Kifaransa]] (19%). Lakini zinatambulika pia lugha 9 za kijimbo.

Upande wa [[dini]], kadiri ya sensa ya mwaka 2021, kati ya wakazi 53.3% ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]]. Kati yao, [[madhehebu]] makubwa ni: Wakatoliki (29.9%), [[Kanisa la Muungano la Kanada]] (3.3%) na [[Anglikana]] (3.1%). [[Waislamu]] ni 4.9%, [[Wahindu]] 2.3%, [[Singasinga]] 2.1%, [[Wabuddha]] 1.0%, [[Wayahudi]] 0.9%. Kwa jumla dini zinarudi nyuma, hazithaminiwi, tena tayari 34.6% hawana dini yoyote.

==Tazama pia==
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Viungo vya nje==
{{commons}}
;Taarifa za jumla
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/canada.htm Canada] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/canada.htm |date=20090204012447 }} from [[University of Colorado Boulder|UCB]] Libraries GovPubs
* {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/Canada}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16841111 Canada] from [[BBC News]]
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html Canada] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html |date=20190430234227 }} from [[CIA]] ''World Factbook''
* [http://www.oecd.org/canada/ Canada profile] from the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]
* [http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/canadiana/index-e.html Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada] from [[Library and Archives Canada]]
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=CA Key Development Forecasts for Canada] from [[International Futures]]

;Serikali
* [http://www.gc.ca/ Official website of the Government of Canada]<!--Archives of early pages are at wayback.archive.org/*/http://www.canada.gc.ca/-->
* [http://www.gg.ca/ Official website of the Governor General of Canada]
* [http://pm.gc.ca/eng  Official website of the Prime Ministers of Canada]

;Utalii
* [http://travel.gc.ca/ Canada's official website for travel and tourism]
* [http://us.canada.travel/ Official website of Destination Canada] {{Wayback|url=http://us.canada.travel/ |date=20130426213630 }}

;Masomo
* [http://www.iccs-ciec.ca/international-journal-canadian-studies.php A Guide to the Sources] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iccs-ciec.ca/international-journal-canadian-studies.php |date=20160822004757 }} from [[International Council for Canadian Studies]]
{{Amerika Kaskazini}}
{{mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:Kanada| ]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Amerika ya Kaskazini]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za G7]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za G8]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za G20]]
[[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]]
[[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]]