Tazama chanzo cha Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki

{{Infobox nchi
|name                     = Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki <br> {{small|{{lang-en|East African Community}}}}
|linking_name             = East African Community
|image_flag               = Flag of the East African Community.svg
|alt_flag                 =     
|symbol_type              = 
|image_symbol             = Logo of EAC.svg
|alt_symbol               =        
|symbol_width             = 95px
|motto                    = ''Taifa Moja Mustakabali Mmoja'' <br> {{small|{{lang-en|"One People One Destiny"}}}}
|anthem                   = ''EAC Anthem''
|text_symbol_type         =  
|text_symbol              =      
|image_map                = East African Community (orthographic projection).svg  
|alt_map                  = 
|map_width                = 220px
|map_caption              = 
|org_type                 = Shirika la kimataifa
|membership_type          = Uanachama
|membership               = {{BDI}} <br> {{KEN}} <br> {{COD}} <br>{{RWA}} <br>{{SOM}} <br> {{flagcountry|South Sudan}} <br> {{TZA}} <br> {{UGA}}
|admin_center_type        = Makao makuu
|admin_center             = [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]], [[Tanzania]]
|languages_type           = Lugha rasmi
|languages                = [[Kiswahili]], [[Kiingereza]]
|leader_title1            = Mwenyekiti
|leader_name1             = [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]]
|leader_title2            = Mwenyekiti wa Baraza
|leader_name2             = [[Shem Bageine]]
|leader_title3            = Rais wa Mahakama
|leader_name3             = [[Harold Nsekela]]
|leader_title4            = Spika wa Bunge
|leader_name4             = [[Margaret Zziwa]]
|leader_title5            = Katibu Mkuu
|leader_name5             = [[Richard Sezibera]]
|legislature              = Bunge la EAC (EALA)
|established_event1       = Mara ya kwanza
|established_date1        = 1967
|established_event2       = Kufutwa
|established_date2        = 1977
|established_event3       = Mara ya pili
|established_date3        = 7 July 2000
|official_website         = {{URL|www.eac.int}}
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_km2                 = 4810363
|area_sq_mi               = 
|area_rank                = 7th <sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by adding the total area of EAC member states-->
|area_footnote            =    
|percent_water            = 4.14
|area_label               = Jumla
|area_label2              =  
|area_dabodyalign         = 
|population_estimate      = 312,362,653 <sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by adding the total population of EAC member states-->
|population_estimate_year = 2022
|population_estimate_rank = 4th
|population_density_km2   = 58.4
|population_density_sq_mi = 
|GDP_PPP                  = US$ 602.584 billion<ref name=imf>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=89&pr.y=9&sy=2013&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=subject&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=]</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank             = 34th<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by adding the total GDP of EAC member states-->
|GDP_PPP_year             = 2020
|GDP_PPP_per_capita       = US$ 3,286
|GDP_nominal              = US$ 220.783 billion
|GDP_nominal_rank         = 50th<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by adding the total GDP of EAC member states-->
|GDP_nominal_year         = 2020
|GDP_nominal_per_capita   = US$ 1,185 <sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by dividing the total GDP/population of EAC member states-->
|Gini                     =  
|Gini_ref                 =       
|Gini_year                =
|HDI                      =     
|HDI_ref                  =         
|HDI_year                 =
|currency                 =
 {{hidden begin
  |titlestyle = font-size:105%;font-weight:normal;
  |title = 5 Currencies<sup>b</sup>
  |bodystyle=font-size:90%;}}
{{Currency table
| heading1 = To be replaced by the [[Shilingi ya Afrika Mashariki]]
| flag1 = Burundi | currency1 = [[Burundian franc|Franc]]      | code1 = [[ISO 4217|BIF]]
| flag2 = Kenya   | currency2 = [[Kenyan shilling|Shilling]]   | code2 = [[ISO 4217|KES]]
| flag3 = Rwanda  | currency3 = [[Rwandan franc|Franc]]        | code3 = [[ISO 4217|RWF]]
| flag4 = Tanzania| currency4 = [[Tanzanian shilling|Shilling]]| code4 = [[ISO 4217|TZS]]
| flag5 = Uganda  | currency5 = [[Ugandan shilling|Shilling]]  | code5 = [[ISO 4217|UGX]]
}}
{{hidden end}}
|time_zone    = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]{{\}}[[East Africa Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset   = +2{{\}}+3
|footnote_a   = If considered as a single entity.
|footnote_b   = To be replaced by the [[East African shilling]]
|national_anthem=[[Jumuiya Yetu]]}}
[[Picha:Africa-countries-EAC.svg|thumb|right|Nchi tano za Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]]
'''Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki''' au '''Mtangamano wa Afrika Mashariki''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]] '''East African Community''', kifupi '''EAC''') ni muundo wa ki[[siasa]] unaounganisha nchi [[nane]] za kanda ya [[Maziwa makubwa ya Afrika|Maziwa Makuu]] ya [[Afrika Mashariki]]: [[Burundi]], [[Kenya]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Somalia]]<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/somalia-yatambuliwa-rasmi-eac-viongozi-kuvalia-njuga-migogoro-4545254</ref>, [[Sudan Kusini]]<ref>"South Sudan admitted into EAC", Daily Nation, 2 March 2016, reprinted at nation.co.ke, accessed 4 March 2016</ref>, [[Tanzania]] na [[Uganda]].<ref>''Joint Communiqué of the eighth Summit of EAC Heads of State''</ref>  

Kwa sasa eneo la Mtangamano ni [[Kilomita ya mraba|km2]] 4,810,363, likiwa na wakazi 312,362,653 (kadirio la mwaka [[2022]]), hivi kwamba ingekuwa nchi moja tu ingekuwa ya [[nne]] [[duniani]].

[[Jumuiya]] yenye jina hilo imepatikana mara mbili katika [[historia]]: jumuia ya nchi tatu kati ya hizo ilianzishwa mwaka [[1967]], lakini ilisambaratika mwaka [[1977]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ms.dk/sw22171.asp |title=– Born in anonymity |publisher=Ms.dk |date= |accessdate=2010-07-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415082915/http://www.ms.dk/sw22171.asp |archivedate=2012-04-15 }}</ref><ref name="csmonitor_1">[http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0309/p04s01-woaf.html?s=hns East African trade zone off to creaky start], ''Christian Science Monitor'', 9 Machi 2006</ref><ref name="Kenya_Celebrated_Collapse">[http://allafrica.com/stories/200705170023.html We Celebrated at EAC Collapse, Says Njonjo].</ref> ikafufuliwa rasmi tarehe [[7 Julai]] [[2000]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eac.int/about-eac/quick-facts.html |title=East African Community – Quick Facts |publisher=Eac.int |date= |accessdate=2010-07-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319013530/http://www.eac.int/about-eac/quick-facts.html |archivedate=2009-03-19}}</ref>

== Jumuiya ya kwanza ==
Nchi tatu za Afrika ya Mashariki zilizokuwa chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Uingereza]] zilianza [[uhuru]] wao kwa kuendeleza [[ushirikiano]] wa karibu uliorithiwa kutokana na [[utawala]] wa pamoja wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. 

Baada ya kupata [[uhuru]] mwaka [[1961]] nchi hizo ziliunda [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]] (kwa Kiingereza East African Common Services Organisation – kifupi EACSO).

Ushirikiano ulihusu [[fedha]] (East African Shilling), [[forodha]] (Customs Union), huduma za [[reli]] (East African Railway), [[ndege]] (East African Airways), ma[[bandari]], [[posta]] na [[simu]] na [[elimu ya juu]] ([[Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika ya Mashariki]] chenye [[kampasi]] [[Makerere]], [[Dar es Salaam]] na [[Nairobi]]). [[Mkataba]] ulilenga pia [[mahakama kuu]] ya pamoja na [[sera]] ya ki[[uchumi]] ya [[soko la pamoja]]. Haya yote yalitakiwa kuwa chini ya [[Bunge la Afrika Mashariki]].

Tangu [[1965]] umoja huo ulianza kurudi nyuma kila nchi ilipoanzisha [[pesa]] yake. 

Mwaka [[1967]] nchi tatu zilijaribu upya kuimarisha umoja wao kwa [[Mkataba wa Ushirikiano wa Afrika ya Mashariki]] wakiita umoja wao "Jumuiya ya Afrika ya Mashariki" ikiwa na [[makao makuu]] [[Arusha]], Tanzania.

Lakini mielekeo ya nchi zote tatu zilitofautiana mno: Kenya iliendelea kwa njia ya [[upebari]] lakini Tanzania ilijaribu kujenga [[Ujamaa]] ([[usoshalisti]]) kuanzia mwaka 1967. Uganda uliingia katika kipindi cha [[udikteta]] kali ya [[Idi Amini]] aliyeharibu [[uhusiano]] na ma[[jirani]] alipoanza kudai sehemu za maeneo yao. 

Sababu nyingine ni ma[[dai]] ya Kenya ya kuwa na viti zaidi kuliko Uganda na Tanzania katika [[kamati]] za maamuzi,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ms.dk/sw22171.asp |title=ms.dk - Born in anonymity |accessdate=2009-12-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415082915/http://www.ms.dk/sw22171.asp |archivedate=2012-04-15 }}</ref> huku kukiwa na kutokuelewana kulikosababishwa na udikteta wa [[Idi Amin]] nchini Uganda, Usoshalisti huko Tanzania, na [[soko huria]] nchini Kenya,<ref name="csmonitor_1"/> hivyo wanachama hawa watatu wakapoteza ushirikiano wa miaka zaidi ya sitini na [[manufaa]] ya [[ukubwa]] wa jumuiya hii kiuchumi. Kila mmoja wa wanachama hawa ilimbidi kuanza kutoa [[huduma]] na kujenga viwanda ambavyo hapo awali vilikuwa chini ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki.

Hivyo mwaka [[1977]] Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ilikoma kufanya kazi yoyote na [[1983]] ilifutwa rasmi. [[Mali]] iliyobaki iligawanywa kati ya nchi zote tatu.

== Kufufuka kwa Jumuiya ya Afrika ya Mashariki tangu 1993 ==
Tangu [[miaka ya 1990]] majaribio ya kujenga umoja mpya yalionekana tena. 

Marais [[Daniel arap Moi]] wa Kenya, [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] wa Tanzania, na [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] wa Uganda walipatana katika [[Mkataba wa Ushirikiano wa Afrika ya Mashariki]] huko [[Arusha]], tarehe [[30 Novemba]] [[1993]], na kuanzisha Tume ya Ushirikiano ya nchi hizi tatu. Shughuli ya kuzileta pamoja nchi hizi kisiasa, kiuchumi, ki[[jamii]] na ki[[utamaduni]], [[utafiti]] na [[teknolojia]], [[ulinzi]], [[usalama]], ma[[suala]] ya ki[[sheria]] na ki[[mahakama]] ilianza.

Mkataba wa kufufua jumuiya ulitiwa sahihi tarehe 30 Novemba 1999 ukaanza kuwa rasmi tarehe [[7 Julai]] 2000.

Vyombo vya Jumuiya mpya ya Afrika ya Mashariki vilianza kufanya kazi mnamo Januari [[2001]] penye makao makuu ya jumuiya hii huko [[Arusha]]. 

Mkataba [[2004]] uliweka [[msingi]] wa [[Umoja wa Forodha]] ulioanzishwa [[2005]].

Kuna tena [[Bunge la Afrika ya Mashariki]] linalojumuisha wabunge waliochaguliwa na ma[[bunge]] ya nchi wanachama.

Pia [[Mahakama Kuu ya Afrika ya Mashariki]] imeundwa upya.

Mwaka [[2008]], baada ya majadiliano na [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] (Southern Africa Development Community, kifupi SADC) na [[Soko la Pamoja la Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika]] (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, kifupi COMESA), Mtangamano huo ulikubali nchi zote za miundo hiyo mitatu ziunde eneo pana la [[biashara huria]]. Kwa sasa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ni mojawapo ya nguzo muhimu za hiyo [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Afrika]] (African Economic Community, kifupi AEC). 

Mwaka [[2010]], Mtangamano ulitangaza [[soko la pamoja]] kwa [[bidhaa]], [[kazi]] na mitaji kati ya nchi hizo tano, kwa lengo la kuanzisha [[pesa ya pamoja]] na hatimaye [[Shirikisho]] kamili.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|title=FACTBOX-East African common market begins|url=http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true|accessdate=1 July 2010|newspaper=Reuters|date=1 July 2010|archivedate=2012-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118170653/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true}}</ref>  

Kuna majadiliano ya kuanzisha [[shilingi]] mpya ya pamoja kwa nchi za Jumuia ya Afrika ya Mashariki. Kwanza ilitarajiwa kuanzishwa mwaka [[2012]], halafu mwaka [[2015]], sasa mwaka [[2024]]. Mwaka [[2013]] ulisainiwa [[mkataba]] wa kuamua kuanzisha hiyo [[pesa]] ndani ya miaka 10.<ref name=MU>{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/30/us-africa-monetaryunion-idUSBRE9AT08O20131130?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews | work=Reuters | title=East African trade bloc approves monetary union deal | date=30 November 2013 | accessdate=2015-01-23 | archivedate=2015-09-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191315/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/30/us-africa-monetaryunion-idUSBRE9AT08O20131130?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews }}</ref>

== Nchi wanachama na jinsi zilivyojiunga==
[[File:EAC presidents in November 2006.jpg|thumb|Kutoka [[kushoto]]: Rais [[Yoweri Museveni]] wa [[Uganda]], Rais [[Mwai Kibaki]] wa [[Kenya]] na Rais [[Jakaya Kikwete]] wa [[Tanzania]] wakati wa mkutano wao [[Arusha]], mnamo Novemba [[2006]].]]
[[File:Kagame at EAC summit.jpg|thumb|left|Rais wa Rwanda Paul Kagame katika mkutano wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 2006. Rwanda ilijiunga na Jumuiya ya Afrika mashariki tarehe 1 Julai 2007]]

* [[Kenya]] (2001)
* [[Tanzania]] (2001)
* [[Uganda]] (2001)
* [[Burundi]] (2007)
* [[Rwanda]] (2007)
* [[Sudan Kusini]] (2016)
* [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (2022)
* [[Somalia]] (2024)

Kenya, Tanzania na Uganda zina [[historia]] ya [[ushirikiano]] tangu mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], wakati wa [[ukoloni]], ikiwa ni pamoja na Umoja wa Forodha baina ya Kenya na Uganda mwaka 1917, [[Tanganyika]] ilijiunga mnamo mwaka [[1927]], katika [[Ubalozi wa Afrika Mashariki]] ([[1948]]-[[1961]]), 'East African Common Services Organisation' (1961-1967) na Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki (1967-1977).<ref name="EacSite"> [https://archive.today/20120530161922/www.eac.int/history.htm From Co-operation to Community (eac.int)]</ref>

Jumuia ambayo ilianzishwa baada ya [[uhuru]] ilidumu miaka 10 tu, lakini ilifufuliwa kwa mkataba wa tarehe [[30 Novemba]] [[1999]], ulioanza kufanya kazi tarehe [[7 Julai]] [[2000]], miaka 23 baada ya [[kifo]] cha ile ya kwanza.

[[Burundi]] na [[Rwanda]], ambazo ziliwahi kuwa [[koloni]] moja na [[Tanzania bara]] kabla ya [[Vita vikuu vya kwanza]], zilijiunga na Mtangamano tarehe [[6 Julai]] [[2009]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EAC Update E-newsletter |url=http://www.news.eac.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=48&Itemid=70 |work=www.eac.int |publisher=Directorate of Corporate Communications and Public Affairs |accessdate=10 December 2011 |archivedate=2012-04-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426042037/http://www.news.eac.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=48&Itemid=70 }}</ref>

Mara baada ya kupata [[uhuru]] mwaka [[2011]], Sudan Kusini iliomba kujiunga na Jumuia, lakini haikukubalika hadi Machi 2016 kutokana na hali ya [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] nchini humo.

Tarehe [[23 Novemba]] [[2021]] Baraza la Mawaziri la EAC limependekeza kwa Wakuu wa nchi wanachama wakubali ombi la kujiunga la [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] <ref>https://www.eac.int/press-releases/2288-eac-council-of-ministers-green-light-report-on-drc-verification-mission-for-consideration-by-eac-heads-of-state</ref>, nao wakakubali rasmi tarehe 29 Machi [[2022]].

Hatua kubwa ya awali katika kuanzisha [[Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki]] ni [[muungano wa forodha]] katika [[mataifa husika]] uliotiwa [[saini]] mnamo Machi 2004 na ulioanza kutumika tarehe [[1 Januari]] mwaka [[2005]]. Chini ya ma[[sharti]] ya mkataba, Kenya, ambayo ndiyo nchi inayopata mauzo bora zaidi nje ya nchi katika kanda ya Afrika Mashariki, iliendelea kulipa [[ushuru]] kwa [[bidhaa]] zake zinazoingia nchi nyingine wanachama hadi mwaka [[2010]], kwa [[kiwango]] kilichopungua na wakati. [[Mfumo]] sawa wa [[ushuru]] utatumika kwa bidhaa kutoka nchi ambazo si wanachama.

==Vipingamizi kuelekea shirikisho==
Kwa ujumla, mataifa wanachama kwa kiasi kikubwa wanaona neema ya [[Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki]], lakini utafiti usio rasmi unaonyesha kwamba Watanzania wengi (asilimia themanini ya wakazi wake) wana [[mtazamo]] hasi.<ref> [http://allafrica.com/stories/200704290112.html allAfrica.com: Tanzania: Fast-Tracking Political Federation]</ref> 

Tanzania imekuwa na historia ya [[amani]] tangu kunyakua uhuru, ikilinganishwa na [[fujo]] na [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] vilivyoshuhudiwa katika ma[[taifa]] ya [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], na [[Uganda]]. Wakati huu Afrika Mashariki inajaribu kudumisha [[utulivu]] na [[mafanikio]] katikati ya migogoro inayoendelea katika nchi ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Pembe ya Afrika]] na [[Sudan Kusini]]. 

Pia ni kwamba Tanzania ina [[ardhi]] kubwa, na baadhi ya Watanzania wana [[hofu]] ya [[unyakuzi]] wa ardhi na wakazi wa sasa wa mataifa mengine wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki.<ref name="Daily_News_Tz_001">[http://www.dailynews-tsn.com/page.php?id=6650  EAC federation fears justified?] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dailynews-tsn.com/page.php?id=6650 |date=20070927230624 }} Tanzania's Daily News On Saturday; 5 Mei 2007</ref> <ref Name="mt_elgon_clashes_002"> [http://allafrica.com/stories/200705081059.html  Kenya: Tears for Mt Elgon as Schools Re-Open]</ref> <ref Name="Uganda_land_scarcity"> [http://allafrica.com/stories/200705140795.html  Sabiny Demand Land as Karamajong Raid Reduce]</ref> 

Uhaba wa ardhi ni suala nyeti katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki, hasa nchini Kenya, ambako mapigano ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe upande wa [[Mlima Elgon]] mwaka [[2007]] yaliwaacha zaidi ya watu 150 wamefariki na kulazimisha takriban watu wengine 60,000 kugura makazi yao.<ref name="mt_elgon_clashes_001">[http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/KE_VIO.htm?v=at_a_glance AlertNet] {{Wayback|url=http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/KE_VIO.htm?v=at_a_glance |date=20100620020229 }} Kenya land clashes kill 60, displace thousands</ref>

== Mahakama ya Afrika Mashariki ==
[[Mahakama ya Afrika Mashariki]] ndiyo [[mahakama]] inayosimamia [[kesi]] zote katika eneo hilo. Kwa sasa imo mjini Arusha, Tanzania.

== Bunge la Afrika Mashariki ==
[[Bunge la Afrika Mashariki]] ndicho [[kitengo]] cha kutengeneza sheria katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki. Ina wajumbe 27 ambao wote wamechaguliwa na mabunge ya nchi wanachama. Linahusika na masuala yote ambayo yanahusu Jumuiya hii kama vile kujadili [[bajeti]] ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki na masuala yote ya Jumuiya na kutoa ma[[pendekezo]] kwa Baraza juu ya mambo wanayoyadhani muhimu kwa utekelezaji wa mkataba, kushirikiana pamoja na Bunge husika na kuanzisha [[kamati]] kwa ma[[kusudi]] kama vile wanavyodhani ni muhimu. Tangu [[uzinduzi]] wake mwaka 2001, [[bodi]] hii imekuwa na vikao kadhaa mjini Arusha, [[Kampala]] na Nairobi.

== Pasipoti ya Afrika Mashariki ==
Pasipoti ya Afrika Mashariki ilizinduliwa rasmi tarehe [[1 Aprili]] [[1999]] ili kurahisisha [[usafiri]] na kuvuka mipaka ya nchi husika.<ref name="EAC News...">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eac.int/news_2004_11_EACDay.htm |title=EAC News ... |accessdate=2004-12-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041221195607/http://www.eac.int/news_2004_11_EACDay.htm |archivedate=2004-12-21 }}</ref><ref name="Travelling in East Africa">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eac.int/travelling.htm |title=Travelling in East Africa |accessdate=2004-07-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040701070500/http://www.eac.int/travelling.htm |archivedate=2004-07-01 }}</ref> Ni [[halali]] kwa kusafiri ndani ya eneo la Afrika Mashariki (Kenya,Uganda na Tanzania) na kutoa [[haki]] ya kuingia na kukaa kwa miezi sita katika nchi yoyote na kisha unaweza ukaitumia tena.<ref name="EAC News..." /> Pasipoti hii inapatikana katika Makao Makuu ya [[Idara ya Uhamiaji]] katika miji ya Nairobi, Kampala na Dar es Salaam. Ni [[raia]] tu wa Afrika Mashariki wanaoweza kuomba pasipoti hii.<ref name="EAC News..." /><ref name="Travelling in East Africa" /> [[Gharama]] ya pasipoti hii ni dola 10 za [[Marekani]] au pesa sawa ukibadilisha kwa sarafu za nchi za Afrika mashariki.<ref name="Travelling in East Africa" /> Baada ya kujaza fomu za kupata pasipoti hii itachukua muda wa [[wiki]] mbili au tatu kuipata tayari kwa matumizi. Ingawa pasipoti hii ni halali tu ndani ya Afrika Mashariki, majadiliano yalifanywa ili kuwa na hati sawa za kusafiri kwa watu wote wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref name="EAC News..." />

==Viza moja kwa watalii==
{{Politics of the African Union mini}}
Lilikuwa [[tarajio]] la wengi kuwa kabla ya 2006 kungekuwa na viza moja kwa watalii wote wanaozuru Afrika Mashariki, iwapo mpango huo ungeidhinishwa na mamlaka ya [[sekta]] husika chini ya jumuiya hiyo. Iwapo ingekubalika basi viza hiy ingetumika kote katika ardhi ya wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. Chini ya pendekezo hili viza yoyote mpya ya Afrika Mashariki ingeweza kupokewa kutoka [[ubalozi]] wowote katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki.

== Mtandao ==
Matumizi ya [[wavuti]] katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki bado yako chini mno yakilinganishwa na mataifa yaliyostawi kiuchumi. 

Eneo la Afrika Mashariki ni kituo kizuri kiuchumi huku likikadiriwa kuwa na wakazi zaidi ya milioni 150. Inakadiriwa kuwa asilimia 10 ya wakazi wa Afrika Mashariki - milioni 15 - huutumia [[Mtandao]].

[[Mkakati]] wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki unasisitiza ushirikiano wa kiuchumi na [[maendeleo]] kwa kuzingatia [[uwezo wa kijamii]]. 

Wengi wa wakazi wa Afrika Mashariki hutumia mtandao kuangalia [[habari]], kusoma [[barua pepe]] na kwenye [[mitandao ya kijamii|mitandao mingine ya kijamii]].

Hivi karibuni kumekuwa na ma[[jukwaa]] mengi yanayoibuka katika eneo hili kwa lengo la kuileta pamoja Afrika Mashariki. 

[[Kasi ya mawasiliano kupitia kwa mtandao]] pia iko chini mno katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki, ikilinganishwa na mataifa yaliyostawi. Hii labda ni mojawapo ya vikwazo vya maendeleo ya mawasiliano ya mtandao Afrika Mashariki.

==Jiografia==
Mtangamano ungekuwa nchi moja tu, ungekuwa ya 7 [[duniani]] kwa eneo ([[Kilomita ya mraba|kilometa mraba]] 4,812,618). 
{{multiple image |align=left |image1=Lake victoria NASA.jpg |width1=180 |caption1=[[Ziwa Victoria]] kati ya nchi za Mtangamano. |alt1=Lake Victoria |image2=Kilimanjaro Tanzania 0046 Nevit.jpg|width2=177 |caption2=[[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], mrefu kuliko yote ya Afrika, uko Tanzania. |alt2=Mount Kilimanjaro|image3=Diani Beach Sunrise Kenya.jpg |width3=195 |caption3=[[Diani Beach]], [[Kilifi County]], [[Kenya]]. |alt3=Diani Beach}}

Sudan Kusini, Uganda, Rwanda na Burundi hazina [[pwani]] [[bahari]]ni, lakini zina [[mvua]] za kutosha.

Huku inapatikana minne kati ya milima mirefu zaidi [[bara]]ni [[Afrika]]: [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]] (Tanzania), [[Mlima Kenya]] (Kenya), milima ya [[Rwenzori]] (Uganda/[[DRC]]) na [[Mlima Meru]] (Tanzania). 

[[Ziwa Turkana]], Kenya, ndiyo ziwa la [[jangwani]] kubwa na lenye [[maji ya chumvi]] nyingi kuliko yote duniani. 

[[Ziwa Victoria]] linaunganisha nchi za Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania na ni la pili duniani kwa eneo. 

[[Ziwa Tanganyika]] kati ya Tanzania, Burundi na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni la pili duniani kwa kina. 

Kenya pekee ina [[jangwa]], [[jangwa la Chalbi]] katika [[Kaunti ya Marsabit]].

{{multiple image |align=right |image1=Wbeest Mara.jpg |width1=200 |caption1=[[Uhamaji]] wa [[wanyamapori]] ni [[ajabu]] la kimaumbile la 7 duniani |alt1=Wildebeest#Migration |image2=Flamingos in Lake Nakuru.jpg|width2=177 |caption2=[[Ziwa Nakuru]], maarufu kwa flamingo. |alt2=Mount Kilimanjaro|image3=Mount Kenya Rosette.jpg |width3=160 |caption3= Ua [[Rosette]] juu ya [[Mlima Kenya]] |alt3=Rosette (botany)}}

{{Wide image|Dar es Salaam Panorama edit2.jpg|3000px|[[Dar es Salaam]], ukiwa na watu milioni 4 ndio [[mji]] mkubwa kuliko yote ya Mtangamano baada tu ya [[Kinshasa]].}}
{{wide image|Nairobi panorama from westlands.jpg|1200px|<center>Nairobi, [[kitovu]] cha [[biashara]] cha Mtangamano</center>}}

===Ugatuzi katika nchi za Jumuia ya Afrika Mashariki (E.A.C.)===
====Burundi====
# [[Mkoa wa Bubanza|Bubanza]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Bujumbura Mjini|Bujumbura Mjini]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Bujumbura Vijijini|Bujumbura Vijijini]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Bururi|Bururi]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Cankuzo|Cankuzo]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Cibitoke|Cibitoke]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Gitega|Gitega]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Karuzi|Karuzi]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Kayanza|Kayanza]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Kirundo|Kirundo]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Makamba|Makamba]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Muramvya|Muramvya]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Muyinga|Muyinga]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Mwaro|Mwaro]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Ngozi|Ngozi]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Rutana|Rutana]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Ruyigi|Ruyigi]]

====Kenya====
# [[Kaunti ya Mombasa|Mombasa]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kwale|Kwale]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kilifi|Kilifi]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Tana River|Tana River]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Lamu|Lamu]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Taita–Taveta|Taita–Taveta]]
# [[Kaunti ya Garissa|Garissa]] 
# [[Kaunti ya wajir|Wajir]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Mandera|Mandera]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Marsabit|Marsabit]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Isiolo|Isiolo]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Meru|Meru]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Tharaka-Nithi|Tharaka-Nithi]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Embu|Embu]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kitui|Kitui]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Machakos|Machakos]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Makueni|Makueni]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Nyandarua|Nyandarua]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Nyeri|Nyeri]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kirinyaga|Kirinyaga]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Muranga|Murang'a]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kiambu|Kiambu]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Turkana|Turkana]] 
# [[Kaunti ya West Pokot|West Pokot]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Samburu|Samburu]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Trans-Nzoia|Trans-Nzoia]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu|Uasin Gishu]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Elgeyo-Marakwet|Elgeyo-Marakwet]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Nandi|Nandi]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Baringo|Baringo]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Laikipia|Laikipia]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Nakuru|Nakuru]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Narok|Narok]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kajiado|Kajiado]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kericho|Kericho]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Bomet|Bomet]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kakamega|Kakamega]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Vihiga|Vihiga]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Bungoma|Bungoma]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Busia|Busia]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Siaya|Siaya]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kisumu|Kisumu]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Homa Bay|Homa Bay]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Migori|Migori]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Kisii|Kisii]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Nyamira|Nyamira]] 
# [[Kaunti ya Nairobi|Nairobi]] 

====Rwanda====
# [[Mkoa wa Kigali|Kigali]]
# [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini (Rwanda)|Kaskazini]]
# [[Mkoa wa Kusini (Rwanda)|Kusini]]
# [[Mkoa wa Magharibi (Rwanda)|Magharibi]]
# [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Rwanda)|Mashariki]]

====Somalia====
# [[Awdal]]
# [[Bari, Somalia|Bari]]
# [[Mkoa wa Nugal|Nugal]]
# [[Mkoa wa Mudug|Mudug]]
# [[Mkoa wa Galguduud|Galguduud]]
# [[Mkoa wa Hiran|Hiran]]
# [[Mkoa wa Shebelle wa Kati|Shebeli wa Kati]]
# [[Banaadir]]
# [[Mkoa wa Shebelle wa Chini|Shebeli wa Chini]]
# [[Togdheer]]
# [[Bakool]]
# [[Woqooyi Galbeed]]
# [[Bay, Somalia|Bay]]
# [[Gedo]]
# [[Juba wa Kati]]
# [[Juba ya chini|Juba wa Chini]]
# [[Sanaag]]
# [[Sool, Somalia|Sool]]

====Sudan Kusini====
# [[Bahr el Ghazal Kaskazini]] 
# [[Bahr el Ghazal Magharibi]] 
# [[Lakes (state)|Lakes]] 
# [[Warrap (state)|Warrap]] 
# [[Western Equatoria]] 
# [[Central Equatoria]] 
# [[Eastern Equatoria]] 
# [[Jonglei]] 
# [[Greater Upper Nile]]
# [[Unity (state)|Unity]]
# [[Upper Nile (state)|Upper Nile]] 
# [[Abyei|''Eneo la Abyei'']] 
# [[Greater Pibor|''Eneo la Pibor'']] 
# [[Ruweng Administrative Area|''Eneo la Ruweng'']]

====Tanzania====
# [[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Dodoma|Dodoma]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Geita|Geita]] 		
# [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Kagera|Kagera]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Katavi|Katavi]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Kigoma|Kigoma]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] 		
# [[Mkoa wa Manyara|Manyara]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Mara|Mara]] 		
# [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njiombe]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini|Pemba Kaskazini]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]] 
# [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]]  
# [[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Shinyanga|Shinyanga]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Songwe|Songwe]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Tanga|Tanga]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Mjini Magharibi]] 	
# [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Unguja Kusini]] 

====Uganda====
# [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini (Uganda)|Mkoa wa Kaskazini]]
# [[Mkoa wa Kati (Uganda)|Mkoa wa Kati]]
# [[Mkoa wa Magharibi (Uganda)|Mkoa wa Magharibi]]
# [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Uganda)|Mkoa wa Mashariki]]

==Wakazi==
Jumla ya wakazi wote ilikuwa 312,362,653 mnamo [[2022]]. 

Katika Mtangamano, hasa nchini Tanzania, zinapatikana jamii zote za ma[[kabila]] ya Afrika [[kusini kwa Sahara]]: [[Wasani|Khoisan]], [[Wakushi]], [[Wabantu]], [[Waniloti]]. 

Asilimia ya wakazi wanaoishi mijini ni 20 tu, lakini wanaongekeza kwa 4.71% kila mwaka.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! Nchi !! Mji mkuu !! Kujiunga !! Wakazi !! Eneo (km<sup>2</sup>)
! GDP<br />(US${{nbsp}}bn)&#8203;<ref name=imf_data>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2010&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=58&pr1.y=17&c=618,714,733,738,746,664&s=NGDP,NGDPD,NGDPDPC,LP&grp=0&a= |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |website=www.imf.org}}</ref>
! GDP<br />kwa mtu<br />(US$)<ref name=imf_data />
! GDP PPP<br />(US${{nbsp}}bn)<ref name="IMF_PPP_data">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=64&pr1.y=11&c=618,714,733,738,746,664&s=PPPGDP,PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |website=www.imf.org}}</ref>
! GDP PPP<br />kwa mtu<br />(US$)<ref name="IMF_PPP_data"/>
|-
| style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Burundi}}
| style="text-align:left"| [[Gitega]]
| style="text-align:center"| 2007
| {{Nts|12722976}} || {{Nts|27834}}
| 3.4 || {{Nts|272.4}}
| 10.8 || {{Nts|855.6}}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}}
| style="text-align:left"| [[Kinshasa]]
| style="text-align:center"| 2022
| {{Nts|95944984}} || {{Nts|2344858}}
| 51.2 || {{Nts|669.4}}
| 127.4 || {{Nts|1315.9}}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Kenya}}
| style="text-align:left"| [[Nairobi]]
| style="text-align:center"| 2000
| {{Nts|56553921}} || {{Nts|580367}}
| 114.7 || {{Nts|2252}}
| 308.7 || {{Nts|6061.4}}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Rwanda}}
| style="text-align:left"| [[Kigali]]
| style="text-align:center"| 2007
| {{Nts|13705697}} || {{Nts|26338}}
| 12.1 || {{Nts|910}}
| 37.2 || {{Nts|2807.6}}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Somalia}}
| style="text-align:left"| [[Mogadishu]]
| style="text-align:center"| 2024
| {{Nts|16500000}} || {{Nts|637657}}
| 12.49 || {{Nts|756.98}}
| 34.02 || {{Nts|2060}}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|South Sudan|Sudan Kusini}}
| style="text-align:left"| [[Juba]]
| style="text-align:center"| 2016
| {{Nts|11501583}} || {{Nts|644329}}
| 5.7 || {{Nts|392.7}}
| 13.5 || {{Nts|927.4}}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Tanzania}}
| style="text-align:left"| [[Dodoma]]
| style="text-align:center"| 2000
| {{Nts|63732235}} || {{Nts|945087}}
| 77.5 || {{Nts|1260.1}}
| 206.6 || {{Nts|3358.3}}
|-
| style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Uganda}}
| style="text-align:left"| [[Kampala]]
| style="text-align:center"| 2000
| {{Nts|49135753}} || {{Nts|241550}}
| 46.4 || {{Nts|1060.4}}
| 129.5 || {{Nts|2960.5}}
|-
! colspan="3"|
! style="text-align:right"| {{Nts|303397152}} !! style="text-align:right"| {{Nts|4810363}}
! style="text-align:right"| 325 !! style="text-align:right"| 1106.3
! style="text-align:right"| 834 !! style="text-align:right"| 2,841.4
|}

[[Lugha]] kubwa zaidi katika Mtangamano ni [[Kiswahili]], ambacho kutoka pwani ya Somalia, Kenya na Tanzania kimeenea kwa namna moja au nyingine katika nchi zote nane na nje yake pia. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni Kiswahili, [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]]. 

Upande wa [[dini]], unaongoza [[Ukristo]] (77.64%), ukifuatwa na [[Uislamu]] (17.1%) na [[dini asilia za Kiafrika]] (3.38%). Kati ya Wakristo, [[Wakatoliki]] wanaongoza nchini Burundi na Sudan Kusini, kumbe [[Waprotestanti]] wanaongoza Kenya, huku aina hizo mbili zikilingana katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Tanzania, Uganda na Rwanda. Somalia ni nchi pekee ya Kiislamu hasa.

== Tazama pia ==
* [[Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki]]
* [[Mkataba wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]]
* [[Uchumi wa Afrika]]
* [[Mamlaka ya Maendeleo ya Kitaifa]] (IGAD)
* [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC)
* [[COMESA|Soko la Pamoja la Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika]] (COMESA)
* [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Mataifa ya Afrika ya Kati]] (ECCAS)
* [[Wizara ya Ushirikiano wa Afrika ya Mashariki|Wizara ya Ushirikiano wa Afrika ya Mashariki, Tanzania]]

== Tanbihi ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.eac.int/ Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]
*[http://www.eacgermany.org/ German and East African Community Cooperation]
*[http://agritrade.cta.int/Regions/ACP/Eastern-Africa ''Agritrade'' Agricultural trade in East Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://agritrade.cta.int/Regions/ACP/Eastern-Africa |date=20140214131007 }}
*[http://institutions.africadatabase.org/data/i16299.html Information from africadatabase.org]
*[http://www.eastafricans.eu/ Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki katika Ulaya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eastafricans.eu/ |date=20120224104140 }}
*[http://www.worldtradelaw.net/fta/agreements/eacfta.pdf EAC Free Trade Agreement]
*[http://www.africa-business.com/features/eac.html Makala za Afrika]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4139635.stm Habari za BBC kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa Umoja wa Forodha]
*[http://english.eastday.com/eastday/englishedition/business/userobject1ai1075704.html Muungano wa Sarafu wa Afrika Mashariki]
*[https://archive.today/20121213003810/www.eac.int/eala/ Bunge la pamoja la Afrika Mashariki]
*[http://www.busiweek.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=blogsection&amp;id=24&amp;Itemid=66/ Habari za Biashara kuhusu Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]
*[http://allafrica.com/stories/200610170203.html Rwanda na Burundi kujiunga na Afrika Mashariki] ''allAfrica.com,'' 17 Oktoba 2006
{{Pan-Africanism}}
[[Category:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki| ]]
[[Category:Afrika ya Mashariki]]
[[Category:Umoja wa Afrika]]
[[Category:Kenya]]
[[Category:Tanzania]]
[[Category:Uganda]]
[[Category:Burundi]]
[[Category:Rwanda]]
[[Jamii:Somalia]]
[[Jamii:Sudan Kusini]]
[[Category:Arusha]]
[[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]