Tazama chanzo cha Ho Chi Minh

[[File:Ho Chi Minh 1946 and signature.jpg|thumb|Ho Chi Minh mnamo mwaka 1946]]
'''Ho Chi Minh''', aliyezaliwa kwa [[jina]] '''Nguyễn Sinh Cung''', ([[19 Mei]] [[1890]] - [[2 Septemba]] [[1969]] <ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ho%20chi%20minh "Ho Chi Minh"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref>) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Chama cha kisiasa|chama cha]] [[Chama cha Kikomunisti|Kikomunisti]] na [[kiongozi]] ([[waziri mkuu]] kutoka [[mwaka]] [[1945]] hadi [[1955]], na [[rais]] kutoka 1945 hadi 1969) wa [[Vietnam Kaskazini|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Vietnam]] (Vietnam Kaskazini).

== Maisha ya awali ==
Jina la 'Hồ Chí Minh' alianza kulitumia wakati wa [[mapinduzi]] ya Agosti [[1945]]. Alipozaliwa aliitwa Nguyễn Sinh Cung. Kulingana na [[desturi]] za [[Ukonfusio]] alibadilisha jina kuwa Nguyễn Tất Thành alipofikia [[umri]] wa miaka kumi. Baadaye alitumia [[Lakabu|majina bandia]] mbalimbali hasa kutokana na kazi yake ya kisiasa. Watu wa Vietnam mara nyingi humtaja kama '''Bác Hồ''' (Mjomba Ho)<ref>Yen Son. "Nguyen Ai Quoc, the Brilliant Champion of the Revolution." Thuong Tin Hanoi. 30 August 1945.</ref>.

Nguyen alizaliwa katika [[kijiji]] cha Kim Liên, [[kaskazini]] mwa [[Vietnam]], wakati ule sehemu ya [[Annam]] iliyokuwa eneo la [[koloni]] la [[Ufaransa]]. [[Baba]] yake alikuwa [[hakimu]]. Nguyen alipokea mafunzo ya Kikonfusio akasoma baadaye kwenye [[shule]] ya Kifaransa.

Kuanzia mwaka [[1911]] hadi [[1917]] Nguyen alisafiri [[duniani]] akifanya kazi mbalimbali kwenye [[meli]] kama [[mpishi]]. Kwa vipindi vifupi alipata pia kazi katika [[miji]] ya Ufaransa, [[Marekani]] na [[Uingereza]]<ref>Tucker, Spencer C. (1999). Vietnam. UCL Press. <nowiki>ISBN 9781857289220</nowiki>.</ref>. Katika miaka [[1919]] hadi [[1923]] aliishi [[Paris]] ambako alijiunga na Wavietnam wengine katika [[kundi]] lililojadili madai ya [[uhuru]] kwa nchi yao<ref>Huynh, Kim Kháhn, ''Vietnamese Communism, 1925–1945''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982; pg. 60.<!-- ISBN ?? --></ref>. Alishiriki pia katika mikutano ya chama cha Kisoshalisti. Mwaka [[1920]] alijiunga na chama cha kikomunisti kilipojitenga na Wasoshalisti. 

Mwaka 1923 alihamia [[Urusi]] alipoajiriwa na [[Komintern]] na kusoma kwenye [[chuo]] cha kikomunisti [[Mji|mjini]] [[Moscow]].<ref name="Duiker">Duiker, William J. ''Ho Chi Minh: A Life''. New York: Hyperion, 2000. <!-- ISBN ?? --></ref><ref name="NYT1969">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/section/learning|title=The Learning Network|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> 

Kati ya miaka [[1924]] hadi [[1941]] alitumwa na Komintern mara kadhaa kwenda [[China]] alipohusika kujenga chama cha Kikomunisti<ref>Quinn-Judge, Sophie (2002). Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years 1919 - 1941. University of California Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0520235335</nowiki>.</ref>.  

== Kuunda Vietnam huru kwa vita dhidi ya Ufaransa ==
Mwaka 1941 Ho alirudi Vietnam iliyowahi kuvamiwa na [[Japani]] ingawa Wajapani waliruhusu Wafaransa kuendelea kutawala chini yao. Ufaransa iliyoshindwa na Ujerumani huko [[Ulaya]] ilidhoofishwa, na Wakomunisti Wavietnam walichukua nafasi kupigania uhuru. Ho aliunda vikosi vya [[wanamgambo]] wa [[Vietminh]] walioshambulia Wajapani na Wafaransa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150510160521/http://www.vietquoc.com/hcm-04.htm</ref>. Wakati Japani ilipaswa kusalimu amri kwenye mwaka [[1945]] na [[jeshi]] la Jamhuri ya China lilichukua nafasi ya Wajapani, wanamgambo wa Vietminh walitwaa mji wa [[Hanoi]] na kutangaza Jamhuri ya Vietnam na serikali iliyoongozwa na Ho Chi Minh<ref>Davidson, Phillip B., Vietnam at War: The History: 1946–1975 (1991), p. 4.</ref>. 

Hata hivyo, kaskazini mwa Vietnam ilikuwa chini ya Jamhuri ya China iliyovumilia kuwepo kwa serikali ya Ho Chi Minh ambayo ilibaki bila [[mamlaka]] halisi. 

Wakati Wafaransa waliporudi baada ya kupatana na China, Ho Chi Minh alikubali kubaki na Vietnam iliyojitawala chini ya ulezi wa Ufaransa. Lakini mwaka [[1946]] kulikuwa na mapigano kati ya wanajeshi wa Vietminh na Wafaransa. Hapo Wafaransa walijaribu kurudisha hali ya kikoloni kamili. Hivyo [[vita ya Indochina]] ilianza. 

Iliendelea hadi [[1954]] ambako jeshi la Vietminh ilishinda Wafaransa. Mapatano ya [[amani]] yaliacha kaskazini mwa Vietnam chini ya serikali ya Ho Chi Minh ilhali [[kusini]] kulikuwa chini ya serikali ya [[kaizari]] [[Bao Dai]] aliyesaidiwa na Marekani na Wafaransa waliokubali kumaliza [[utawala]] wao. 

== Vita ya Vietnam ==
Matokeo ya [[Vita ya Vietnam]] yalikuwa mgawanyiko wa nchi. Ho Chi Minh alitawala sasa sehemu ya kaskazini, ilhali [[Vietnam Kusini]] ilikuwa chini ya serikali iliyopinga [[Ukomunisti]]. 

Hapo Ho pamoja na chama cha Kikomunisti waliamua kuanzisha makundi ya wanamgambo huko kusini ambao waliitwa [[Vietkong]]. Hao Vietkong walishambulia [[polisi]] na [[Afisa|maafisa]] wa serikali ya kusini. 

Marekani iliunga mkono Vietnam Kusini kwa msaada wa kijeshi, na [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] (ukiongozwa na [[Nikita Krushchov|Nikita Krushchev]] na kisha [[Leonid Brezhnyev|Leonid Brezhnev]]) na Jamuhuri ya Watu wa China (iliyoongozwa na [[Mao Zedong]]) iliendelea kuunga mkono juhudi za vita za Vietnam Kaskazini hadi [[ushindi]] wake.

[[Picha:Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum 2006.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Kaburi]] la Ho Chi Minh mjini Hanoi]]

== Kifo ==
Akisumbuliwa na [[Kisukari (ugonjwa)|ugonjwa wa kisukari]] na shida ya [[moyo]], Hồ Chí Minh alijiuzulu na uongozi wa serikali na chama mnamo mwaka 1965. Kwenye [[asubuhi]] ya 2 Septemba 1969 alifariki baada ya [[shtuko la moyo]].

Katika [[wosia]] wake aliandika alitamani kuchomwa na [[majivu]] yake yatawanywe kaskazini, katikati, na kusini mwa Vietnam. Walakini, chama kiliamua kuhifadhi [[mwili]] wake na kuuweka ndani ya kaburi ambapo unaoonyeshwa kwa wananchi na [[watalii]] wanaopewa nafasi kupita na kumwangalia.  

Mnamo [[1976]], baada ya ushindi katika kusini, [[mji mkuu]] wa Vietnam Kusini, [[Saigon]], ulipewa jina la [[Mji wa Ho Chi Minh|Ho Chi Minh City]] kwa [[heshima]] ya kiongozi huyo.

==Marejeo==
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==Viungo vya Nje==
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{{Commons|Hồ Chí Minh|Ho Chi Minh}}
* {{Imdb name|0387282|Chi Minh Ho (1890–1969)}}
* [http://www.ealing.gov.uk/info/200622/historic_buildings/70/other_notable_buildings/2 The Drayton Court Hotel]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0519.html Hồ Chí Minh obituary, ''The New York Times'', 4 September 1969]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000531033857/http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/hochiminh.html TIME 100: Hồ Chí Minh]
* [https://archive.org/details/hochiminhselectedwritings Ho Chi Minh Selected Writings] in [[PDF]] format
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070714171151/http://www.cpv.org.vn/english/archives/?topic=14&subtopic=99&leader_topic=39 Hồ Chí Minh's biography]
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?t=k&ie=UTF8&ll=21.036772,105.834383&spn=0.002333,0.003616&om=1 Satellite photo of the mausoleum on Google Maps]
* [http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/facultypages/EdMoise/commlead.html#ho Bibliography: Writings by and about Hồ Chí Minh]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1890]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 1969]]
[[Jamii:Marais wa Vietnam]]
[[Jamii:Historia ya Vietnam]]