Tazama chanzo cha FIFA

[[Picha:Flag of FIFA.svg|250px|thumbnail|Bendera ya FIFA.]]
'''Shirikisho la Soka Duniani''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]] Fédération Internationale de Football Association, kifupi '''FIFA''') ni shirika linalosimamia mambo ya [[mpira wa miguu]], [[futsal]] na [[Soka la ufukweni|soka ya ufukweni]]. [[Makao makuu]] yake yapo [[Zurich]], [[Uswisi]], na rais ni Gianni Infantino, ambaye alichaguliwa mwaka 2016. 

FIFA hilo lilianzishwa huko [[Paris]] mnamo [[1904]] na nasimamia mashindano ya kimataifa, hasa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe la Dunia]] (kama mashindano ya pekee kwa [[wanaume]] na [[wanawake]]), michuano mingine ya dunia katika kategoria zao tofauti, matawi na tofauti za michezo, na Mashindano ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki|Olimpiki]] kwa usawa na [[Kamati ya Kimataifa ya Olimpiki]] (IOC). Pia, ni sehemu ya Bodi ya Shirikisho la Soka la Kimataifa (IFAB), chombo kinachohusika na kurekebisha sheria za mchezo.  

Utendaji wa FIFA ulipata mafanikio haraka, na kuchangia kwa dhati kuinua kandanda hadi hadhi ya mchezo maarufu zaidi ulimwenguni. FIFA inaleta pamoja vyama au mashirikisho ya soka 211 kutoka nchi mbalimbali, na nchi 17 washirika zaidi kuliko [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], tatu chini ya Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Shirikisho la Riadha na mbili chini ya Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Mpira wa Kikapu. Hivi sasa, FIFA inaendelea kuwa chombo cha juu zaidi kinachosimamia soka ya dunia na mashindano yake, ikijumuisha mashirikisho mbalimbali ya kikanda: AFC ya [[Asia]], [[CAF]] ya [[Afrika]], CONCACAF ya [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] na [[Amerika ya Kati|Kati na Karibiani]], [[CONMEBOL]] kutoka [[Amerika ya Kusini]], OFC kutoka [[Australia na Pasifiki|Oceania]] na [[UEFA]] kutoka [[Ulaya]]. 

== Historia ==
Wazo la kuunda shirikisho la soka la kimataifa liliibuka na kufanyika kwa mechi za kwanza za soka za kimataifa mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]]. Mnamo [[1 Mei]] [[1904]], [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Ufaransa]] zilikabiliana katika mechi yao ya kwanza ya kimataifa. [[Uingereza]] tayari ilikuwa na chama chake cha soka (Chama cha Soka) tangu [[1863]], ambacho kilidhibiti mashindano ya mchezo huu katika ardhi za Kiingereza, na haikukubali kushiriki katika uanzishwaji wa shirikisho la kimataifa. Lakini [[21 Mei]] [[1904]], FIFA ilizaliwa, ambayo rais wake wa kwanza alikuwa Mfaransa Robert Guérin.

Mnamo [[14 Aprili]] [[1905]], mafanikio ya FIFA yalianza kuonekana, baada ya kuingia kwa Waingereza, baada ya kupitishwa na Kamati ya Utendaji ya Chama cha Soka. Mnamo 1906 tayari ilifikiriwa kuandaa mashindano makubwa ya kimataifa. Kwa hivyo, miaka miwili baadaye, mnamo 1908, mashindano ya kwanza ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki|Olimpiki]] yalifanyika, kama sehemu ya programu ya Olimpiki ya [[London]], ambayo ilishinda na Uingereza.

[[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe la Dunia]] la kwanza lililoandaliwa na FIFA lilifanyika [[Uruguay]] mnamo [[1930]], na timu 13 za kitaifa zilishiriki.

Tangu miaka kadhaa mpira wa miguu imepata uzito wa kiuchumi zaidi kutokana na matumizi ya mashindano makubwa kama nafasi ya kutangaza biashara na bidhaa. FIFA ilikuwa na mapato ya bilioni dolar 5.718 katika miaka 2011 hadi 2014 hasa kwa njia ya kuuza haki za matangazo na milioni 338 zilibaki kama faida. Asiimia 70 ya faida inatakiwa kugawiwa kwa mashirikisho wanachama. Uhakiki unahusu hata matumizi ya fedha<ref>[http://www.sportssun.com/index.php/sid/223159751 Report claims FIFA bosses secretly doubled their salaries  Sports Sun Monday 23rd June, 2014 ]</ref>, hali ya FIFA kulipa kodi ndogo mno huko Uswisi, undugu kati ya viongozi wa ngazi ya juu, na mashtaki ya rushwa<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/8581704/Fifa-honourary-president-Joao-Havelange-faces-IOC-inquiry.html Fifa honourary president Joao Havelange faces IOC inquiry (Rais wa zamani wa FIFA alipatikana kwa rushwa), Telegraph 17 Jun 2011]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12014|title=Dave Zirin: Abolish FIFA  Sports journalist Dave Zirin says bribery and corruption are endemic to FIFA, and discusses what could take its place in the world of soccer -   June 17, 2014 , The REal News.com|accessdate=2015-05-27|archivedate=2015-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702183157/http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12014}}</ref>. Imedaiwa ya kwamba azimio la kupeleka Kombe la Dunia huko Urusi na Qatar lilitolewa na wanachama wa Kamati Kuu waliopokea rushwa.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11869322 Tim Franks: Panorama: Three Fifa World Cup officials “took bribes”, BBC News, 15 Juni 2011. ]</ref>

Tarehe 27 Mei 2015 polisi ya Uswisi ilikamata maafisa 7 wa FIFA, kati yao makamu 2 wa rais Blatter, katika hoteli ya mjini Zurich walipokusanyika kwa mkutano wa Kamati Kuu. <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/sports/soccer/fifa-officials-arrested-on-corruption-charges-blatter-isnt-among-them.html?gwh=FA45DC1F77DF05C18FF2DCAB5314A89E&gwt=pay&assetType=nyt_now FIFA officials arrested on corruption charges, Blatter isnt among them  NYT 28 Mei 2015]</ref>  Polisi ilitekeleza hati ya kifungo ya tarehe 21 Mei 2015 kutoka Ofisi ya Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Marekani aliyeamua kuwashtaki kwa udanganyifu, ulanguzi na kuficha fedha zisizo halali. Mashtaki yalifunguliwa rasmi dhidi ya maafisa 9 wa FIFA, mameneja 4 wa makampuni ya kuuzia huduma na vifaa vya michezo na mfanya biashara mmoja.<ref>[http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/nine-fifa-officials-and-five-corporate-executives-indicted-racketeering-conspiracy-and Nine FIFA Officials and Five Corporate Executives Indicted for Racketeering Conspiracy and Corruption,  Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs Release  May 27, 2015]  </ref>

==Muundo==
FIFA inaundwa na mashirikisho ya kitaifa ambayo ni wanachama wa mashirikisho sita ya kibara ambayo ni:
* Asian Football Confederation (AFC), ilianzishwa 1954
* Confédération Africaine de Football ([[CAF]]), ilianzishwa 1957
* Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol ([[CONMEBOL]]), ilianzishwa 1916
* Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF), ilianzishwa 1961 (watangulizi tangu 1938 na 1946)
* Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), ilianzishwa 1966
* Union of European Football Organizations ([[UEFA]]), ilianzishwa  1954

Nchi kadhaa ni wanachama nje ya bara lao: [[Guyana]] na [[Surinam]] ziko CONCACAF, nchi katika [[Asia]] ni wanachama wa UEFA ([[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia]], [[Kupri]] na [[Israel]]), pia nchi zenye maeneo katika Ulaya na Asia kama [[Uturuki]], [[Urusi]] na [[Kazakhstan]]. [[Australia]] iliondoka mwaka 2006 kenye OFC ikaingia katika AFC kwa shabaha ya kupata wapinzani wenye uwezo zaidi.

== Rais ==
Gianni Infantino wa Italia, aliyechaguliwa mwaka wa 2016, akawa rais wa tisa katika historia ya FIFA. Kabla yake, Mswizi Joseph Blatter (1998-2016), Mbrazili João Havelange (1974-1998), Mwingereza Stanley Rous (1961-1974) na Arthur Drewry (1955-1961), Mbelgiji Rodolphe William Seeldrayers (1954) - 1955), Mfaransa Jules Rimet (1921-1954), Mwingereza Daniel Woolfall (1906-1918) na Mfaransa Robert Guérin, wa kwanza kufanya kazi hiyo, kati ya 1904 na 1906.

== Mashindano ya FIFA ==

=== Timu za Taifa ===
'''Ya wanaume'''

* [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]]
* Mashindano ya Soka ya Olimpiki ya Wanaume (U-23)
* Kombe la Dunia la FIFA U-20
* Kombe la Dunia la FIFA U-17
* Kombe la Dunia la FIFA Futsal
* Mashindano ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya Olimpiki ya Vijana (U-20)
* Kombe la Dunia la Soka la Ufukweni la FIFA
* Kombe la Kiarabu la FIFA (timu za juu za UAFA za ulimwengu wa Kiarabu)

'''Wanawake'''

* Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la Wanawake
* Mashindano ya Soka ya Olimpiki ya Wanawake
* Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la Wanawake U-20
* Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la Wanawake U-17
* Mashindano ya Futsal ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya Wanawake (U-20)

=== Timu za vilabu ===
'''Ya wanaume'''

* [[Kombe la Dunia la Klabu ya FIFA]]
* Kombe la FIFA la Vijana

=== Mashindano ya zamani ===

* Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA

==Utawala==
Mabaraza tawala ni Mkutano Mkuu na Kamati ya Utendaji chini ya raisi aliye mwenyekiti.  

Taasisi nyingine ni:
*Kamati mbalimbali
*Shirikisho za kibara
*Shirikisho za Kitaifa
*Ofisi Kuu
*Kamati ya nidhamu 

==Marejeo==
<references/>

==Kujisomea==
* Andrew Jennings: FOUL! The Secret World of FIFA: Bribes, Vote-Rigging and Ticket Scandals. HarperSport, 2006, ISBN 978-0-00-720811-1.
* Paul Darby, ''Africa, Football and Fifa: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance'' (Sport in the Global Society), Frank Cass Publishers 2002, ISBN 0-7146-8029-X.
* John Sugden, ''FIFA and the Contest For World Football'', Polity Press 1998, ISBN 0-7456-1661-5.
* Jim Trecker, Charles Miers, J. Brett Whitesell, ed., ''Women's Soccer: The Game and the Fifa World Cup'', Universe 2000, Revised Edition, ISBN 0-7893-0527-5.

==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category|FIFA World Cup}}
* [http://www.fifa.com/ Official website] {{En icon}} {{Fr icon}} {{De icon}} {{Es icon}} {{Pt icon}} {{Ar icon}}
* [http://www.transparencyinsport.org/Did_Blatter's_Mob_friends_fix_2018_for_Russia/PDF-documents/(6)fifas-dirty-secrets-script.pdf BBC's Panorama, Fifa's Dirty secrets, transcript]
* [http://www.playthegame.org/knowledge-bank/articles/a-question-to-president-blatter-about-bribes-886.html Document on alleged FIFA corruption] {{Wayback|url=http://www.playthegame.org/knowledge-bank/articles/a-question-to-president-blatter-about-bribes-886.html |date=20130530021415 }}
* [http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html FIFA Laws of the Game] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/lawsofthegame.html |date=20070901044035 }}
* https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Africa+FIFA+Clubs
* https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Africa+Mashariki+FIFA+Clubs

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[[Jamii:FIFA|*]]