Mto Avon (Warwickshire)

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Mto Avon
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Chanzo Naseby, Northamptonshire
Mdomo River Severn, Tewkesbury
51°59′49″N 2°09′25″W / 51.997°N 2.157°W / 51.997; -2.157
Urefu 154 km (96 mi)

Mto Avon (tamka: ˈeɪvən. Pia unajulikana kama Avon ya juu, Warwickshire Avon au Avon ya Shakespeare) ni mto wa kata za Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire na Gloucestershire, Uingereza. Mto una urefu wa 96 miles (154 km). Jina Avon limetoka katika Kiwelisi na linamaanisha 'mto' (linatamkwa kama afon katika Kiwelisi).

Mkondo[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Mto Avon
Unknown BSicon "uENDExa"
Safe limit for shallow craft
Unknown BSicon "uENDE"
Red House (safe limit of navigation)
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Au"
A422 Clopton Bridge
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Eu"
Tramway Bridge
Urban transverse track Transverse waterway with floodgate left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Stratford-upon-Avon Canal
Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+l" Unknown BSicon "ueABZgr"
Unused straight waterway Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu"
Colin P Witter Lock
Unused waterwai with side weir to left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Unused waterwai with side weir to left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Eu"
Footbridge
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Au"
A4390 Seven Meadows Road
Unknown BSicon "uxWEIRlg"
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" + Unknown BSicon "uxJOINl"
Weir Brake/Gordon Grey Lock
Urban straight track
Unknown BSicon "uKRZuw"
Urban straight track
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" + Unknown BSicon "uxJOINr"
Unknown BSicon "uxWEIRrg"
Stan Clover Lock
Urban straight track
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Yu"
Binton Bridges
Urban straight track
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" + Unknown BSicon "uxJOINr"
Unknown BSicon "uxWEIRrg"
WA Cadbury Lock
Urban straight track
Unknown BSicon "uxWEIRlg"
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" + Unknown BSicon "uxJOINl"
Pilgrim Lock
Urban straight track
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" + Unknown BSicon "uxJOINr"
Unknown BSicon "uxWEIRrg"
Elsie and Hiram Billington Lock
Urban straight track
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Yu"
B4085 Bidford Bridge
Urban straight track
Unknown BSicon "uxWEIRlg"
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" + Unknown BSicon "uxJOINl"
Inland Waterways Assoc Lock
Unknown BSicon "uWEIRr" Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+r"
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" Unused straight waterway
Robert Aickman New Lock
Unknown BSicon "ueABZg+l" Unknown BSicon "uexSTRr"
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" + Unknown BSicon "uxJOINr"
Unknown BSicon "uxWEIRrg"
George Billington Lock
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Au"
A46(T) Simon De Montford Bridge    
Waterway under railway bridge
Railway Bridge
Unknown BSicon "uWEIRr" Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+r"
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" Unused straight waterway
Evesham Lock
Unknown BSicon "ueABZg+l" Unknown BSicon "uexSTRr"
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Au"
A44 Bridge
Waterway under railway bridge
Railway Bridge
Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+l" Unknown BSicon "ueABZgr"
Unused straight waterway Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu"
Chadbury Lock
Unused waterwai with side weir to left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Waterway under railway bridge
Railway Bridge
Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+l" Unknown BSicon "ueABZgr"
Unused straight waterway Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu"
Fladbury Lock
Unused waterwai with side weir to left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+l" Unknown BSicon "ueABZgr"
Unused straight waterway Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu"
Wyre Lock
Unused waterwai with side weir to left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Unused waterwai with side weir to left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Unknown BSicon "uWEIRr" Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+r"
Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu" Unused straight waterway
Pershore Lock
Unknown BSicon "ueABZg+l" Unknown BSicon "uexSTRr"
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Yu"
B4084 Pershore New Bridge
Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+l" Unknown BSicon "uWEIRl"
Unused straight waterway Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu"
Nafford Lock
Unknown BSicon "uexSTRl" Unknown BSicon "ueABZg+r"
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Yu"
B4080 Eckington Bridge
Waterway under railway bridge
Defford Railway Bridge
Unknown BSicon "uexSTR+l" Unknown BSicon "ueABZgr"
Unused straight waterway Unknown BSicon "uFGATEu"
Strensham Lock
Unused waterwai with side weir to left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Unused waterwai with side weir to left Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Unknown BSicon "uSKRZ-Bu"
M5 motorway Bridge
Unknown BSicon "uSTRl" Unknown BSicon "uSTR+r"
Unknown BSicon "uSTR+l" Urban transverse track Unknown BSicon "uWEIRl"
weir
Unknown BSicon "uFABZgl+l" Unknown BSicon "uFABZqlr" Unknown BSicon "uFGATEr" Unknown BSicon "uFABZgr+r"
Avon Lock + River Severn
Urban straight track Urban straight track
Tewkesbury
Urban straight track Unknown BSicon "uxWEIRg"
weir and mill

Chanzo cha Avon kiko karibu na kijiji cha Naseby katika Northamptonshire. Katika maili chache za kwanza za urefu wake kati ya Welford na daraja la Dow katika jiji la Watling, huunda mpaka kati ya northamptonshire na Leicestershire. Katika Sehemu hii, kumeundwa Hifadhi ya Stanford. Hutiririka kuelekea magharibi-kusini, si mbali kaskazini ya Cotswold na kupitia katika vale ya Evesham, na kupitia katika miji na vijiji vya Welford, Rugby, Wolston, (inayopakana na Leamington Spa), Warwick, Stratford-juu ya- Avon, Welford-katika-Avon, Bidford-katika-Avon, Evesham na Pershore, kabla ya kujiunga na Mto Severn katika Tewkesbury.

Matawimto ya Avon ni pamoja na Mto Leam, Stour, Sowe, Dene, Arrow, Mwepesi, Alne, Isonbourn, Sherbourne na Swilgate na vilevile vijito vingi.

Urambazaji[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Kutoka ukuta wa Alveston, ambao ni 2 miles (3.2 km) juu ya Stratford-juu ya -Avon, chini hadi Tewkesbury na Mto Severn, mto huu una uwezo wa ujenzi wa kufuli na kuta. Njia ya Stratford-juu-Avon hushikana na Avon kupitia mlango katika mbuga mbele ya jumba la Shakespeare katika ya Stratford-juu ya -Avon. Urambazaji wa Mto Avon huzingatia boti za upeo wa urefu wa 72 ft (21,94 d), boriti la 13 ft 6 katika (4,11 m), urefu wa 10 ft (3,04 m) na janga la 4 ft (1,18 m).

Trafiki huwa kama burudani. Moorin za usiku kucha hupatikana katika Stratford-juu-Avon, Luddington, Welford-on-Avon, Barton, Bidford-on-Avon, Harvington, Offenham, Evesham, Craycombe, Wyre, Pershore, Defford, Comberton, Birlingham, Eckington, Strensham na Tewkesbury. Kuna maeneo ya mashau katika Stratford-juu-Avon, Welford-on-Avon, Barton, Bidford-on-Avon, Evesham, na Tewkesbury.

Mto Avon kutoka kwenye bustani ya Avril Inn, Twyning, Gloucestershire.
Daraja katika Bidford-on-Avon; ilani ya urambazaji Arch katika kulia
Mto Avon katika Stratford-juu-Avon kwenye siku yenye jua
Moja ya milango miwili kati ya Mto Avon na Stratford-on-Avon canal

Historia[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Kazi za urambazaji katika Avon awali ziliruhusiwa na Baraza na barua kutoka Charles I katika mwaka wa 1635, na mwaka wa 1641 iliripotiwa kuwa mto ulikuwa na uwezo wa urambazji ndani ya 4 miles (6 km) ya Warwick. Mara nyingi inapendekezwa kwamba William Sandys (mfadhiliwa wa 1635) alijenga milango tu (pamoja na kizuizi kimoja), na kwamba Andrew Yarranton, ambaye aliboresha mto huu miaka ya 1660 aliunda milango (pamoja na jozi mbili za milango ), lakini hii si sahihi. Ushahidi wa kweli unaoyesha kinyume, yaani kwamba Yarranton huwa na kuta za urambazaji (mtindo wa mlango) ili kuepuka matatizo yaliyobakia; hayakuhusiana na Mills.

Haki za urambazaji zilidhibitishwa na sheria ya urambazaji ya Stour na Salwarpe mwaka wa 1662. Kutokana na njia ambayo ilirekebishwa, urambazaji uligawanyishwa katika sehemu mbili: urambazaji wa Avon ya juu kati ya Stratford na Evesham, na Avon ya kati ya Mto Evesham na Severn. Urambazji wa Avon ulididimia katika mwaka wa 1874. Urambazaji wa Avon ya chini haukudidimia kabisa, lakini katika mwisho wa Vita Kuu vya Pili vya Duniani jahazi moja lililopitia kati ya Tewkesbury na Pershore.

Marejesho[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Shirika la Urambazaji wa Avon ya chini ulitokana kama mapendo mwaka 1950, na katika mwaka wa 1962 kufuli 8 kutoka Tewkesbury hadi Evesham zilirejeshwa, na kufungua tena Avon ya chini. Avon ya juu ilikuwa katika hali mbaya sana kuliko Avon ya chini, lakini Shirika la urambazaji katika Avon ya juu liliundwa mwaka wa 1965 ili kurejesha urambazaji. Licha ya kazi hii iliyohitaji ujenzi wa kuta na kufuli, na kazi nyingi kufanywa na watu wa kujitolea, Avon ya juu ilifunguliwa mwaka wa 1974.

Upanuzi uliopendekezwa[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Kuna mapendekezo ya hivi karibuni ya kupanua urambazaji tidigare leupande wa kutoka Alveston hadi muungano na mtaro wa Grand Union aidha katika Warwick au Leamington Spa. Hii itafungua mnyoosho wa mto ambao hapo awali haukuwa na uwezo wa urambazaji, na ni suala tata ndani ya nchi.

Angalia pia[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]

Marejeo zaidi[hariri | hariri chanzo]

  • C. Hadfield & J. Norris, Njia za maji hadi Stratford (2nd edn, Daudi & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1968), 15-70
  • J. Davies, Shakespeare's Avon: historia ya urambazaji (Oakwood Press, Headington Oxon 1996)
  • P. Mfalme, 'Mto na Teme na maeneo mengine ya kati yenye urambazaji' Jarida la jamii ya kihistoria ya reli na mitaro 35 (5) (Julai 2006), 349-50.

Viungo vya nje[hariri | hariri chanzo]