Injili ya Yohane

Injili ya Yohane ni kitabu cha nne katika orodha ya Agano Jipya katika Biblia ya Kikristo. Yaliyomo yake ni habari za Yesu Kristo tangu kubatizwa kwake na Yohane Mbatizaji hadi ufufuko wake.

Kama vitabu vingine vyote vya Biblia, hiki pia kinatakiwa kisomwe katika mfululizo wa historia ya wokovu ili kukielewa kadiri ya maendeleo ya ufunuo wa Mungu kwa binadamu.

Mwandishi

Injili ya nne inajulikana kwa jina la Mtume Yohane na kama zile nyingine inaleta habari za maisha na mafundisho ya Yesu kwa lengo la kufanya wasomaji wamuamini kuwa ndiye Masiya (Yesu Kristo) na hivyo wapate uzima wa milele.

Tangu karne II mapokeo ya Kanisa yanamtaja mtume huyo, aliyependwa na Yesu kuliko wenzake wote akamfuata kiaminifu mpaka msalabani, kuwa ndiye aliyeandika Injili hiyo akiwa jijini Efeso.

Mwaka 180 mtakatifu Irenei wa Lyons, mwanafunzi wa mtakatifu Polikarpo wa Smirna, aliyekuwa mwanafunzi wa Mtume huyo, aliandika: «Yohane, mwanafunzi wa Bwana aliyeegemea kifua chake, naye aliandika Injili akiwa Efeso huko Asia» (Adversus Haereses III, 1, 1).

Kuanzia karne XIX wataalamu wameonyesha kuwa kitabu hicho kiliandikwa taratibu hadi kilipokamilishwa muda mfupi baada ya kifo cha Yohane (mwaka 100 hivi).

Kwa kuwa uandishi ulichukua muda mrefu, uliweza kufaidika na tafakuri na mang'amuzi ya Yohane na ya jumuia alizoziongoza, kwanza huko Israeli, halafu nje yake, kati ya Wayahudi, Wasamaria na watu wa mataifa mengine.

Kwa njia hizo Roho Mtakatifu alizidi kumuongoza shahidi huyo bora kuelewa kwa dhati maana ya maneno na matendo ya Yesu ambayo yalikuwa na mafumbo.

Hivyo mateso yenyewe yanaonekana ufunuo wa utukufu wake kama Mwana Pekee aliyekubali kutolewa na Baba] kwa upendo.

Ndiyo sababu kuanzia Klementi wa Aleksandria (karne II) Injili ya Yohane inaitwa Injili ya Kiroho.

Uhusiano na Injili nyingine

P52, ni kipande cha maandishi ya Kigiriki katika nyasi zilizopondwa kinachokadiriwa kuwa kimeandikwa mwaka 125 hivi. Kwa sababu hiyo kinahesabiwa cha zamani kuliko maandishi yote tuliyonayo juu ya Yesu. Kina maneno ya Yoh. 18:31-33 (mbele) na Yoh. 18:37-38 (nyuma).

Kwa hakika hiyo ni tofauti sana na Injili Ndugu kwa mtindo na kwa mpangilio, kwa mafundisho na kwa habari zenyewe; ingawa kimsingi mambo ni yaleyale, ni wazi kwamba Yohane hakuzitegemea.

Wakati katika Injili hizo tatu Yesu anasisitiza Ufalme wa Mungu, katika ile ya Yohane anajitambulisha katika fumbo lake la Kimungu.

Labda Yohane alisoma walau Injili mojawapo, asipende kurudia habari zilezile, bali kuzikamilisha akiwa shahidi bora kati ya mitume wote.

Upekee wa Yohane

Hata hivyo hakutaka kuandika kitabu cha historia tu, bali habari njema hasa kwa kuchimba maana ya ishara alizozitenda Yesu zinazotufumbulia fumbo lake mwenyewe na sakramenti zake.

Injili hiyo inatudai tukomae katika maisha ya sala na kutafakari, tukizidi kumuuliza Yesu, “Wewe ni nani?”.

Katika Injili hiyo atatupa jibu moja baada ya lingine.

Muda wa uandishi

Kitabu kilikaribia kukamilika mwaka 90 hivi B.K.; toleo la mwisho na sura ya 21 ni kazi ya wanafunzi wa Yohane miaka kama 10 baadaye (Yoh. 20:30-31; 21:24-25).

Marejeo

• Ambrose, Z. Philip (2005). "BWV 245". J.S. Bach: The Extant Texts of the Vocal Works in English Translations with Commentary. Juz. la 2. Ilitafsiriwa na Ambrose, Z. Philip. Xlibris Corp. ISBN 978-1-4134-4600-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Barrett, C. K. (1978). The Gospel According to St. John: An Introduction with Commentary and Notes on the Greek Text (tol. la 2nd). Philadelphia: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22180-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bauckham, Richard (2007). The Testimony of the Beloved Disciple: Narrative, History, and Theology in the Gospel of John. Baker. ISBN 978-0-8010-3485-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bauckham, Richard (2015). Gospel of Glory: Major Themes in Johannine Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1-4412-2708-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Blomberg, Craig (2011). The Historical Reliability of John's Gospel. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 0-8308-3871-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Brown, Raymond E. (1966). The Gospel According to John, Volume 1. Anchor Bible series. Juz. la 29. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-01517-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Brown, Raymond E. (1997). An Introduction to the New Testament. New York: Anchor Bible. ISBN 0-385-24767-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burge, Gary M. (2014). "Gospel of John". Katika Evans, Craig A. (mhr.). The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-72224-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burkett, Delbert (2002). An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00720-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Carroll, James (2001). Constantine's Sword: The Church and the Jews: A History. Houghton Mifflin. uk. 92. ISBN 978-0-395-77927-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Carson, D. A.; Moo, Douglas J. (2009). An Introduction to the New Testament. HarperCollins Christian Publishing. ISBN 978-0-310-53955-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Chilton, Bruce; Neusner, Jacob (2006). Judaism in the New Testament: Practices and Beliefs. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-81497-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Combs, William W. (1987). "Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism and New Testament Interpretation". Grace Theological Journal. 8 (2): 195–212. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2016-10-21. Iliwekwa mnamo 2017-04-15. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
• Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., whr. (2005). "John, Gospel of St.". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Denaux, Adelbert (1992). "The Q-Logion Mt 11,27 / Lk 10,22 and the Gospel of John". Katika Denaux, Adelbert (mhr.). John and the Synoptics. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium. Juz. la 101. Leuven University Press. ku. 113–47. ISBN 978-90-6186-498-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Dunn, James D. G., mhr. (1992). Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways—A.D. 70 to 135. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-4498-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Alexander, Philip S. (1992). 'The Parting of the Ways' from the Perspective of Rabbinic Judaism. ISBN 978-0-8028-4498-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Dunn, James D. G. (1992). The Question of Anti-Semitism in the New Testament Writings of the Period. ISBN 978-0-8028-4498-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Edwards, Ruth B. (2015). Discovering John: Content, Interpretation, Reception. Discovering Biblical Texts. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-7240-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (2004). The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings. New York: Oxford. ISBN 0-19-515462-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-073817-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (2009). Jesus, Interrupted. HarperOne. ISBN 978-0-06-117393-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Fredriksen, Paula (2008). From Jesus to Christ: The Origins of the New Testament Images of Jesus. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16410-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Funk, Robert W.; Hoover, Roy W.; Jesus Seminar (1993). The Five Gospels: The Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus. Polebridge Press. ISBN 978-0-944344-57-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Funk, Robert W.; Jesus Seminar (1998). The Acts of Jesus: The Search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus. HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 978-0-06-062978-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Harris, Stephen L. (2006). Understanding the Bible (tol. la 7th). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-296548-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hendricks, Obrey M., Jr. (2007). "The Gospel According to John". Katika Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A.; Perkins, Pheme (whr.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible (tol. la 3rd). Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-1-59856-032-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hurtado, Larry W. (2005). How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God?: Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Köstenberger, Andreas J.; Kellum, Leonard Scott; Quarles, Charles L. (2009). "The Gospel According to John". The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament. Nashville: B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kovacs, Judith L. (1995). "Now Shall the Ruler of This World Be Driven Out: Jesus' Death as Cosmic Battle in John 12:20–36". Journal of Biblical Literature. 114 (2): 227–247. doi:10.2307/3266937. JSTOR 3266937. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kysar, Robert (2005). Voyages with John: Charting the Fourth Gospel. Baylor University Press. ISBN 978-1-932792-43-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kysar, Robert (2007). "The Dehistoricizing of the Gospel of John". Katika Anderson, Paul N.; Just, Felix; Thatcher, Tom (whr.). John, Jesus, and History, Volume 1: Critical Appraisals of Critical Views. Society of Biblical Literature Symposium series. Juz. la 44. Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 978-1-58983-293-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ladd, George Eldon; Hagner, Donald Alfred (1993). A Theology of the New Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0-8028-0680-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lincoln, Andrew (2005). Gospel According to St John: Black's New Testament Commentaries. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-8822-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lindars, Barnabas (1990). John. New Testament Guides. Juz. la 4. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85075-255-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lindars, Barnabas; Edwards, Ruth; Court, John M. (2000). The Johannine Literature. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-84127-081-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Metzger, B. M.; Ehrman, B. D. (1985). The Text of New Testament. Рипол Классик. ISBN 978-5-88500-901-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Michaels, J. Ramsey (1971). "Verification of Jesus' Self-Revelation in His passion and Resurrection (18:1–21:25)". The Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4674-2330-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Most, Glenn W. (2005). Doubting Thomas. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01914-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Moule, C. F. D. (Julai 1962). "The Individualism of the Fourth Gospel". Novum Testamentum,. 5 (2/3): 171–190. doi:10.2307/1560025. JSTOR 1560025. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
• Neusner, Jacob (2003). Invitation to the Talmud: A Teaching Book. South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism. Juz. la 169. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59244-155-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Olson, Roger E. (1999). The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition & Reform. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1505-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• De Santos Otero, Aurelio (1993). Los Evangelios Apocrifos [The Apochryphal Gospels]. Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos (kwa Spanish). Juz. la 148 (tol. la 9th). Madrid. ISBN 978-84-7914-044-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Pagels, Elaine H. (2003). Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of Thomas. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50156-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Porter, Stanley E. (2015). John, His Gospel, and Jesus: In Pursuit of the Johannine Voice. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-7170-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Van den Broek, Roelof; Vermaseren, Maarten Jozef (1981). Studies in Gnosticism and Hellenistic Religions. Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain. Juz. la 91. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-06376-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Reinhartz, Adele (2011). "John". Katika Levine, Amy-Jill; Brettler, Marc Z. (whr.). The Jewish Annotated New Testament. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992706-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Sanders, E. P. (1995). The Historical Figure of Jesus. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0-14-192822-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Senior, Donald (1991). The Passion of Jesus in the Gospel of John. Passion of Jesus Series. Juz. la 4. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-5462-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Skarsaune, Oskar (2008). In the Shadow of the Temple: Jewish Influences on Early Christianity. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-2670-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Theissen, Gerd; Merz, Annette (1998) [1996]. The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1-4514-0863-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Thompson, Marianne Maye (2006). "The Gospel According to John". Katika Barton, Stephen C. (mhr.). The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80766-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Williamson, Lamar, Jr. (2004). Preaching the Gospel of John: Proclaiming the Living Word. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22533-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Witherington, Ben (2004). The New Testament Story. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2765-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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Viungo vya nje

• [1] Agano Jipya kwa lugha ya Kiswahili

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya Agano Jipya bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Injili ya Yohane kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.