Wavisigoti

Askari wa Kigoti akipambana na wapandafarasi wa Roma, Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus (karne ya 3).

Uhamaji wa Wavisigoti.

Wavisigoti (yaani Wagoti wa Magharibi) walikuwa kabila la Kigermanik, ambalo pamoja na Waostrogoti, walichangia sana anguko la Dola la Roma na mwanzo wa Karne za Kati Ulaya.

Historia

Wakitokea labda Uswidi, wanatajwa na waandishi wa Roma ya Kale kama wakazi wa beseni la Vistula (leo Polandi Kaskazini) katika karne ya 1. Baadaye walienea kwenye Bahari Nyeusi, walipowazidi Wasarmatia kama watawala wa Mbuga za Ponto wakaanza kushambulia maeneo ya Dola la Roma hadi Cyprus.

Wakati huo waligawanyika kati ya Wathervingi na Wagreuthungi. Miaka ya 300, Ermanariki, mfalme wa Wagreuthungi, alitawala kutoka Bahari ya Baltiki hadi Bahari Nyeusi, na Milima ya Urali. Wakati huo wengi wao waliingia Ukristo wa madhehebu ya Uario kwa umisionari wa Ulfilas, aliyebuni alfabeti ya Kigoti kuandika Biblia ya Kigoti.

Miaka ya 370 maeneo ya Wagoti yalivamiwa na Wahunni. Wagreuthungi wakakaa chini yao wakaja kuitwa Waostrogoti, kumbe Wathervingi, waliojulikana baadaye kama Wavisigoti, walivuka mto Danube na kuvamia Dola la Roma. Baada ya kunyanyaswa sana, waliasi na kushinda Warumi katika Mapigano ya Adrianopoli mwaka 378. Chini ya Alariki I, waliteka Roma yenyewe mwaka 410, na hatimaye wakalowea Galia na Hispania, walipounda Ufalme wa Wavisigoti.

Wakiungana na Dola la Roma Magharibi dhidi ya Wahunni wa Attila na Waostrogoti walipata ushindi kwenye Mapigano ya Mabonde ya Katalunya mwaka 451. Hapo Waostrogoti walijinasua katika utawala wa Wahunni wakavamia Italia mwishoni mwa karne ya 5 chini ya mfalme Theodoriki Mkuu, wakaanzisha Ufalme wa Waostrogoti hadi mwaka 535 waliposhindwa na Kaisari Justinian I.

Ufalme wa Wavisigoti ulidumu hadi mwaka 711, ulipoangamizwa na Waislamu wa ukhalifa wa Umayyad. Kaskazini mwa Hispania, mabaki ya Wavisigoti chini ya Pelagius wa Asturias walianzisha Ufalme wa Asturias na kujiandaa kutwaa tena rasi yote (Reconquista).

Wazalendo wa Hispania walidai kuwa wazao wa Wagoti.

Marejeo

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• Gerber, Jane (1992). The Jews of Spain: A History of the Sephardic Experience. Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02911-573-2. 
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• Katz, Solomon (1955). The Decline of Rome and the Rise of Mediaeval Europe. Cornell University Press. 
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• (2013) The Story of Spanish. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-31265-602-7. 
• Odobescu, Alexandru (1889). Le Trésor de Pétrossa. Étude sur l'orfèvrerie antique. Éditions J. Rothschchild. 
• Ostler, Nicholas (2006). Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06093-572-6. 
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• Roth, Norman (1994). Jews, Visigoths, and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict. Brill. ISBN 978-9-00409-971-5. 
• Sarris, Peter (2002). "The Eastern Roman Empire from Constantine to Heraclius, 306–641", in Cyril Mango: The Oxford History of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19814-098-6. 
• Sivan, Hagith (1987). "On Foederati, Hospitalitas, and the Settlement of the Goths in A.D. 418". American Journal of Philology 108 (4): 759–772.

     . https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-philology_winter-1987_108_4/page/759. 

• Stevenson, W. H. (1899). "The Beginnings of Wessex". The English Historical Review (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press) 14 (53): 32–46. https://zenodo.org/record/2217573/files/article.pdf.
• Todd, Malcolm (2000). The Early Germans. Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-63119-904-5. 
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• Williams, Mark (2004). The Story of Spain. San Mateo, CA: Golden Era Books. ISBN 978-0-97069-692-2. 
• Wolf, Kenneth Baxter (2014). Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-10763-481-7. 
• Wolfram, Herwig (1988). History of the Goths. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52005-259-8. 
• Wolfram, Herwig (1997). The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08511-6. 

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Wavisigoti

• Lex Visigothorum
• Visigothic Symposia

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