Wasani
Wasani (au Wakhoisan) ni kundi la makabila ya Afrika Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika ambayo ndio wakazi asili wa maeneo hayo, na ambayo yanachanga sura na lugha kwa kiasi kikubwa, tofauti na Wabantu ambao siku hizi ndio wakazi wake walio wengi.[3]
Wengi wao walimezwa na makabila hayo, kwa mfano Watswana na Waxhosa.
Nchini Tanzania, waliobaki wa jamii hiyo wanaitwa Wasandawe.
Huko Kusini mwa Afrika wanaishi hasa Namibia, Botswana na Afrika Kusini; baadhi ("San", kwa Kiingereza Bushmen) wamedumisha zaidi taratibu za utamaduni wao kama wawindaji, baadhi ("Khoi", yaani "watu", kwa Kiingereza Hottentots) wameiga ufugaji wa makabila ya Kikushi na ya Kibantu yaliyovamia maeneo yao si zaidi ya miaka 3,000 iliyopita.
Machotara wengi wa leo Kusini mwa Afrika wana asili ya baba Mzungu na mama Khoi.
Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ Pontus Skoglund et al. "Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure", Cell, 2017
- ↑ Excerpt from The 86th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (2017)
- ↑ Barnard, Alan (1992) Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa: A Comparative Ethnography of the Khoisan Peoples. New York; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Barnard, Alan (2004) Mutual Aid and the Foraging Mode of Thought: Re-reading Kropotkin on the Khoisan. Social Evolution & History 3/1: 3–21.
- Coon, Carleton: The Living Races of Man (1965)
- Diamond, Jared (1999). Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-31755-2..
- Hogan, C. Michael (2008) "Makgadikgadi" at Burnham, A. (editor) The Megalithic Portal
- Lee, Richard B. (1979), The !Kung San: Men, Women, and Work in a Foraging Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Smith, Andrew; Malherbe, Candy; Guenther, Mat and Berens, Penny (2000), Bushmen of Southern Africa: Foraging Society in Transition. Athens: Ohio University Press. ISBN 0-8214-1341-4
- Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (1958, 1989) The Harmless People.
- Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall (2006). The Old Way: A Story of the First People.
Viungo vya nje[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- The Khoisan
- Home of the Southern African San
- "Khoesan languages" from Web Resources for African Languages
- Africa's Khoe-San were first to split from other humans
- Khoisan people represent 'earliest' branch off human family tree, By Ian Steadman, 24 September 2012.
Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]
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