Warekoleti
Rekoleti (kutoka Kilatini: Recollecti (yaani Waliojikusanya kutafakari [1]) walikuwa watawa wa mashirika mbalimbali, hasa Wafransisko na Waaugustino, waliolenga urekebisho wa maisha ya pamoja kuanzia karne ya 16.
Tawi la Wafransisko liliungana na Ndugu Wadogo wengine mwaka 1897, lakini lile la Waagustino linaendelea hadi leo likiwa na wanashirika karibu elfu moja.
Historia ya Ndugu Wadogo Warekoleti
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Huko Italia, ndugu waliojikusanya katika makao ya upwekeni kuanzia mwaka 1535 (mkutano mkuu ulipowaruhusu ili kuzuia wengine wengi wasiwakimbilie Wakapuchini), kisha kuongezeka waliwekwa moja kwa moja chini ya Mtumishi mkuu tu (1579), wakapewa katiba maalumu (1595), ruhusa za pekee sana (1596), hatimaye Kiongozi mkuu na mkutano mkuu wa kwao. Hivyo mamlaka ya Mtumishi wa OFM kwao ikawa jina tu. Hao waliitwa Wareformati.
Kumbe Ufaransa makao ya upwekeni hayakustawi sana hadi mwisho wa karne XVI. Mwaka 1575 yalikuwa na watawa 50 tu. Lakini mwaka 1601 walioishi huko walipewa na Kanisa Mkurugenzi mwenye mamlaka pana sana; hapo wakaenea haraka kwa msaada wa mfalme Henri IV wa Ufaransa na wa Papa KlementI VIII, hata kanda zote za Ndugu Wadogo wa Ujerumani na Uholanzi zikajirekebisha na kujiunga nao, wakaitwa Warekoleti. Mmojawao ni John Wall (+1679), aliyefia dini huko kwao Uingereza.
Mwaka 1700 walikuwa 9,200 na mwaka 1762 hivi walikuwa 11,000 katika konventi 490 za kanda zao 22[2]. Baadhi yake zilikuwa nje ya Ulaya, katika nchi mbalimbali za Amerika ya Kilatini, na huko Kanada, Ufilipino na Malaka[3].
Baada ya dhuluma za serikali za Zama za Mwangaza na za Mapinduzi ya Kifaransa zilizowapunguza sana, waliobaki walikubali agizo la Papa Leo XIII la kuungana na matawi mengine ya Ndugu Wadogo, wakiweka tu sharti la kwamba ufukara ufuatwe kwa uangalifu.
Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Revue de l'art chrétien (kwa Kifaransa). St. Augustin, Desclée, De Brouwer et Cie. 1888. uk. 382.
Connus sous le nom de Récollets, « recollecti », les recueillis, vivant dans un grand recueillement.
("Known as the Recollects, Recollecti, the gathered/collected, live in great contemplation.") - ↑ Order of Friars Minor "General History of the Order Second Period (1517–1909): The Recollects"
- ↑ Hyacinthe Le Fébvre (1677). Histoire chronologique de la province des Recollets de Paris. chez Denys Thierry. uk. 31.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Jouve, Odoric-Marie (1996). Dictionnaire biographique des Récollets missionaires en Nouvelle-France, 1615–1645, 1670–1849, province franciscaine Saint-Joseph du Canada (kwa Kifaransa). Saint Laurent, Quebec: Bellarmin. ku. 903. ISBN 2-89007-815-9.
- Taylor-Hood, Victoria (1999). Religious Life in French Newfoundland to 1714 (Tasnifu). St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador: Department of Religious Studies, Memorial University of Newfoundland. ku. xii, 339.
- Le Clercq, Father Chrestien (2013) [1910]. Ganong, William (mhr.). New Relation of Gaspesia, with the Customs and Religion of the Gaspesian Indians: The Publications of the Champlain Society. doi:10.3138/9781442618213. ISBN 978-1-4426-1821-3.
Marejeo mengine
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Guerrino Pelliccia e Giancarlo Rocca (curr.), Dizionario degli Istituti di Perfezione (DIP), 10 voll., Edizioni paoline, Milano 1974-2003.
- Champlain, Samuel (1907). Voyages of Samuel de Champlain. 1604–1618. New York: Scribener's Sons. pp. 272–276.
- Deslandres, Dominique (2003). Croire et faire croire : Les missions françaises au XVIIe siècle (1600–1650). Paris: Fayard. p. 204.
- Dumas, G.M. "Chrestien Leclercq". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- Galland, Caroline (2012). Pour la gloire de Dieu et du Roi : Les récollets en Nouvelle-France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Éditions du Cerf. pp. 49–52.
- Le Clercq, Chrestien. First Establishment of the Faith in New France. Charleston, South Carolina: Nabu Press. pp. 304–306.
- Le Fèbvre, Hyacinthe (1677). Histoire Chronologique de la Province des Récollets de Paris (Denys Thierry ed.). Paris: Bibliothèque Québécoise. p. 32.
- Lenhart, John (1945). "Who kept the Recollects out of Canada in 1632?". Franciscan Studies 5 (3): 280–284.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Black Robes from Library and Archives Canada
- Rue des Récollets, Quebec City Ilihifadhiwa 5 Oktoba 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine. & Montreal (Kifaransa)
Kuhusu Waaugustino Warekoleti
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- Order of Augustinian Recollects - tovuti rasmi
- KaNuni ya Mt. Augustino
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