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Shulamith Firestone

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Shulamith Bath Shmuel Ben Ari Firestone (alizaliwa Feuerstein; Januari 7, 1945 – Agosti 28, 2012) alikuwa mwandishi na mwanaharakati wa kifeministi wa kimudu pinga wa Kanada-Marekani. Firestone alikuwa mtu wa kati katika maendeleo ya awali ya ufeministi wa kimudu pinga na ufeministi wa wimbi la pili na mwanachama mwanzilishi wa vikundi vitatu vya kifeministi vya kimudu pinga: New York Radical Women, Redstockings, na New York Radical Feminists. Ndani ya harakati hizi za kimudu pinga, Firestone alijulikana kama "the firebrand" na "the fireball" kwa shauku na uchangamfu alioonyesha kuelekea sababu hiyo. Firestone alishiriki katika uharakati kama vile kuzungumza katika Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Siasa Mpya huko Chicago. Pia alipokuwa mwanachama wa vikundi mbalimbali vya kifeministi alishiriki katika vitendo vikiwemo kupinga Shindano la Miss America, kuandaa mazishi ya kejeli ya uwanawake yanayojulikana kama "The Burial of Traditional Womanhood," kupinga unyanyasaji wa kijinsia katika Madison Square Garden, kuandaa mazungumzo ya uavyaji mimba, na kuvuruga mikutano ya sheria za uavyaji mimba.

Maisha

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Mnamo 1970, Firestone aliandika "The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution." Ikichapishwa mnamo Septemba wa mwaka huo, kitabu hicho kikawa maandishi ya kifeministi yenye ushawishi. "The Dialectic of Sex" na mawazo yaliyowasilishwa ndani yake yalikua muhimu katika cyberfeminism na xenofeminism, kwani mawazo yake yalikuwa mtangulizi wa mada zingine zinazohusu teknolojia na jinsia. Katika kazi yake ya uandishi Firestone pia alisaidia kuandika na kuhariri jarida liitwalo "Notes." Maandishi yake ya mwisho yaliyochapishwa yalikuwa "Airless Spaces" yaliyoandikwa mnamo 1998, ambayo yalijumuisha hadithi fupi zote zinazohusiana na uzoefu wake na ugonjwa wa akili na skizofrenia.[1][2][3]

Filamu ya maandishi iitwayo "Shulie" iliundwa ikimuonyesha Firestone wakati wake kama mwanafunzi, na ilielezea safari yake ya kuwa mtu wa kifeministi na mwandishi muhimu. Filamu ya maandishi ya asili iliyomshirikisha Firestone haikuwahi kutolewa, lakini uundaji upya wake ulitolewa. Firestone alipambana na skizofrenia baada ya kustaafu kutoka kwa uharakati na aliteseka na ugonjwa huo hadi kifo chake mnamo 2012.[4]

Shulamith Bath Shmuel Ben Ari Feuerstein alizaliwa huko Ottawa, Kanada tarehe 7 Januari 1945. Firestone alikuwa wa pili kati ya watoto sita na binti wa kwanza wa wazazi Kate Weiss, Myahudi wa Kijerumani aliyekimbia Holocaust, na Sol Feuerstein, muuzaji wa Brooklyn. Wazazi wa Firestone walikuwa Wayahudi wa Orthodox. Mnamo Aprili 1945, wakati Firestone alipokuwa na umri wa miezi minne, baba yake alishiriki katika ukombozi wa kambi ya mateso ya Bergen-Belsen huko Ujerumani.[5][6]

Alipokuwa mtoto, familia yao ilibadilisha jina lao la ukoo kuwa la Kiingereza hadi Firestone na kuhamia St. Louis, Missouri. Baba yake alikuwa amekuwa Orthodox alipokuwa kijana na, kulingana na Susan Faludi, alidhibiti watoto wake kwa ukali, kwa shauku ya mtu aliyebadili dini. Mojawapo ya dada zake, Tirzah Firestone, alimwambia Faludi: "Baba yangu alimudu pa hasira yake kwa Shulie." Alipinga ubaguzi wa kijinsia wa familia; Firestone alitarajiwa kutandika kitanda cha kaka yake, "kwa sababu wewe ni msichana," baba yake alimwambia. Laya Firestone Seghi, dada mwingine, anakumbuka baba na binti wakitishiana kumuua mwingine.[7][8][9]

Mama yake wa Firestone alielezewa na dada yake, Tirzah, kuwa na "mtazamo wa kimudu kiasi wa uke uliotawaliwa na [kile alichokichukulia kama] kile Wanawake wa Kiyahudi hufanya." Firestone alihudhuria Chuo Kikuu cha Washington huko St. Louis na mnamo 1967 alipata digrii katika uchoraji kutoka Shule ya Taasisi ya Sanaa ya Chicago (SAIC). Akiwa huko Chicago alianza kikundi chake cha kwanza cha Ukombozi wa Wanawake, Westside.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

Marejeo

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  1. ↑ Fox, Margalit (Agosti 30, 2012). "Shulamith Firestone, Feminist Writer, Dies at 67". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. ↑ Butnick, Stephanie (Agosti 30, 2012). "Shulamith Firestone (1945-2012)". Tablet Magazine.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. ↑ Faludi, Susan (2013-04-08). "Death of a Revolutionary". The New Yorker (kwa Kiingereza). ISSN 0028-792X. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-10-08.
  4. ↑ "Shulamith Firestone's Women's Liberation action materials from the Redstockings Archives". www.redstockings.org. Iliwekwa mnamo 2020-05-08.
  5. ↑ Brody, Richard (Aprili 10, 2015). "Recreating a Feminist Revolutionary". The New Yorker.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. ↑ "Shulamith Firestone's Radical Feminism". The New Yorker. Aprili 8, 2013.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. ↑ Reilly, Joanne (1998). Belsen: The Liberation of a Concentration Camp. London and New York: Routledge. uk. 23.
  8. ↑ Hirsh, Michael (2010). The Liberators: America's Witnesses to the Holocaust. New York: Random House Publishing Group. uk. 107.
  9. ↑ Ackelsberg, Martha (Machi 1, 2009). "Shulamith Firestone, 1945–2012". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive. Iliwekwa mnamo Juni 24, 2010.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  10. ↑ Firestone, Shulamith (1970). The Dialect of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-78478-052-4. OCLC 905734953.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  11. ↑ Freeman, Jo (1999). "On the Origins of Social Movements". Katika Freeman, Jo; Johnson, Victoria (whr.). Waves of Protest: Social Movements Since the Sixties. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ku. (7–24), 19.
  12. ↑ Hall, Simon (6 Juni 2011). American Patriotism, American Protest: Social Movements Since the Sixties. University of Pennsylvania Press. uk. 61. ISBN 978-0-8122-0365-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  13. ↑ Faludi, Susan (Aprili 14, 2013). "A Note on the New York Radical Feminists". The New Yorker.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  14. ↑ Halbert, Debora (Januari 2004). "Shulamith Firestone: Radical feminism and visions of the information society". Information, Communication & Society. 7 (1): 115–135. doi:10.1080/1369118042000208933. S2CID 147255598.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  15. ↑ Davis, Angela Y. (2019). Women, Race & Class. London: Pengin Classics. uk. 163. ISBN 9780241408407.
  16. ↑ Firestone, Shulamith (Machi 1, 1998). Airless Spaces. Semiotext(e). uk. 457. ISBN 1-57027-082-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  17. ↑ Chesler, Phyllis (2018). A Politically Incorrect Feminist: Creating a Movement with Bitches, Lunatics, Dykes, Prodigies, Warriors, and Wonder Women. St. Martin's Press. uk. 190. ISBN 9781250094421.
  18. ↑ Anderson, Lincoln (Agosti 30, 2012). "Shulamith Firestone, radical feminist, wrote best-seller, 67". The Villager. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Aprili 3, 2020. Iliwekwa mnamo Agosti 31, 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  19. ↑ Birns, Nicholas (1 Julai 2014). "Shulamith Firestone (1945-2012): feminist radical in the east village". Femspec. 14 (2): 69–74. ProQuest 1647675436 Gale A419929433.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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