Mwandishi wa filamu
| Taarifa za jumla | |
|---|---|
| Sehemu ya | author  |
| Field of this occupation | screenwriting |
| Aina | script |
| Product or material produced | screenplay |
| Subject has role | writer |
| ISCO-08 occupation class | 2641 |
| ISCO-88 occupation class | 2451 |
| Category for eponymous categories | Category:Wikipedia categories named after screenwriters |
Mwandishi wa filamu (kwa Kiingereza: screenwriter au scriptwriter) ni mtu anayeandika mswada wa filamu (script au screenplay) unaotumika kama msingi wa kutengeneza filamu, tamthilia, au vipindi vya televisheni.[1] Mwandishi wa filamu anaweza kuandika hadithi mpya kabisa au kurekebisha kazi iliyopo tayari kama vile riwaya, tamthilia ya jukwaani, au matukio halisi ya kihistoria ili iendane na muundo wa filamu.[2]
Kazi na majukumu
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mwandishi wa filamu ndiye anayeumba misingi mikuu ya kazi ya sinema kabla ya utayarishaji kuanza.[3] Majukumu yake makuu ni pamoja na:
- Kuunda muundo wa hadithi: Kupanga mwanzo, katikati, na mwisho wa hadithi ili ivutie watazamaji.
- Kuumba wahusika: Kuweka tabia, sura, saikolojia, na mazingira ya wahusika wa filamu.
- Kuandika mazungumzo (dayalojia): Kuandika maneno yote yanayosemwa na waigizaji wakati wa ushirikishwaji wao kwenye filamu.
- Maelezo ya taswira: Kuandika maelezo ya kina ya matendo, hisia, na mazingira ili kumwezesha mwongozaji wa filamu na mpiga picha kuelewa muonekano wa kila eneo.
Tofauti kati ya mwandishi wa filamu na mwandishi wa riwaya
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Tofauti na mwandishi wa riwaya anayeandika maneno kwa ajili ya kusomwa moja kwa moja na msomaji, mwandishi wa filamu huandika mswada kama mwongozo wa kiufundi. Mswada wa filamu hutumiwa na mwongozaji wa filamu, waigizaji, na timu ya ufundi (kama vile wapiga picha na wasimamizi wa sauti) ili kubadilisha maandishi hayo kuwa picha na sauti kwenye skrini.
Mchakato wa uandishi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mara nyingi mchakato wa kuandika filamu hupitia hatua kadhaa: 1. Wazo kuu (Logline & Synopsis): Muhtasari mfupi wa wazo la filamu. 2. Muhtasari wa matukio (Treatment): Maelezo marefu zaidi yanayoeleza mtiririko wa hadithi kutoka mwanzo hadi mwisho bila kuweka mazungumzo ya wahusika. 3. Rasimu ya kwanza (First Draft): Mswada kamili wenye mazungumzo na maelezo ya picha. 4. Uhariri na marekebisho: Mswada hurudiwa kuandikwa mara kadhaa kulingana na maoni ya mwongozaji au mtayarishaji wa filamu.
Waandishi wa filamu maarufu duniani
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Afrika
[hariri | hariri chanzo]| Na. | Jina la Mwandishi | Nchi | Kazi Maarufu |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ousmane Sembène | Senegal | La Noire de... (1966), Camp de Thiaroye (1988) |
| 2 | Tsitsi Dangarembga | Zimbabwe | Neria (1993), Everyone's Child (1996) |
| 3 | Suleyman Cissé | Mali | Yeelen (1987), Waati (1995) |
| 4 | Wanuri Kahiu | Kenya | Pumzi (2009), Rafiki (2018) |
| 5 | Gavin Hood | Afrika Kusini | Tsotsi (2005), Eye in the Sky (2015) |
| 6 | Kunle Afolayan | Nigeria | The Figurine (2009), October 1 (2014) |
| 7 | Youssef Chahine | Misri | Cairo Station (1958), The Destiny (1997) |
| 8 | Abderrahmane Sissako | Mauritania | Timbuktu (2014), Bamako (2006) |
| 9 | Akatani K. Choppy | Uganda | The Girl in the Yellow Jumper (2020) |
| 10 | Amil Shivji | Tanzania | Vuta N'Kuvute (2021) |
Amerika
[hariri | hariri chanzo]| Na. | Jina la Mwandishi | Nchi | Kazi Maarufu |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Quentin Tarantino | Marekani | Pulp Fiction (1994), Django Unchained (2012) |
| 2 | Spike Lee | Marekani | Do the Right Thing (1989), BlacKkKlansman (2018) |
| 3 | Aaron Sorkin | Marekani | The Social Network (2010), A Few Good Men (1992) |
| 4 | Guillermo del Toro | Mexiko | Pan's Labyrinth (2006), The Shape of Water (2017) |
| 5 | Jordan Peele | Marekani | Get Out (2017), Us (2019) |
| 6 | John Singleton | Marekani | Boyz n the Hood (1991) |
| 7 | Alfonso Cuarón | Mexiko | Y tu mamá también (2001), Roma (2018) |
| 8 | Nora Ephron | Marekani | When Harry Met Sally... (1989), Sleepless in Seattle (1993) |
| 9 | Charlie Kaufman | Marekani | Being John Malkovich (1999), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) |
| 10 | Coen brothers (Joel na Ethan Coen) | Marekani | Fargo (1996), No Country for Old Men (2007) |
Asia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]| Na. | Jina la Mwandishi | Nchi | Kazi Maarufu |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bong Joon-ho | Korea Kusini | Parasite (2019), Memories of Murder (2003) |
| 2 | Akira Kurosawa | Japani | Rashomon (1950), Seven Samurai (1954) |
| 3 | Satyajit Ray | India | Pather Panchali (1955), The Apu Trilogy |
| 4 | Asghar Farhadi | Iran | A Separation (2011), The Salesman (2016) |
| 5 | Wong Kar-wai | Hong Kong | In the Mood for Love (2000), Chungking Express (1994) |
| 6 | Hayao Miyazaki | Japani | Spirited Away (2001), Princess Mononoke (1997) |
| 7 | Ryusuke Hamaguchi | Japani | Drive My Car (2021) |
| 8 | Javaneh Hemmat | Iran | The Circle (2000) |
| 9 | Salim–Javed (Salim Khan na Javed Akhtar) | India | Sholay (1975), Deewaar (1975) |
| 10 | Park Chan-wook | Korea Kusini | Oldboy (2003), Decision to Leave (2022) |
Tazama pia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ "Screenwriting". Encyclopædia Britannica. Iliwekwa mnamo 2026-09-06.
- ↑ Field, Syd (2005). Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting. Delta. ISBN 978-0385339032.
- ↑ McKee, Robert (1997). Story: Substance, Structure, Style, and the Principles of Screenwriting. ReganBooks. ISBN 978-0060391683.
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Makala hii kuhusu filamu fulani bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Mwandishi wa filamu kama waigizaji wake, hadithi au matoleo yake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |