Marie C. Cox
Marie C. Cox (Januari 17, 1920 – Mei 10, 2005) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa Comanche aliyefanya kazi ya kutetea sheria zinazohusu watoto Waindio (wakazi asili ya Marekani). Alipata tuzo nyingi kwa juhudi zake, ikiwemo tuzo ya Indian Leadership Award ya mwaka 1974 kutoka Bureau of Indian Affairs na pia kutambuliwa mwaka huo kama Raia Bora wa Oklahoma na gavana David Hall. Mwaka 1977 alitajwa kuwa Mwanamke Bora wa Kihindi na North American Indian Women's Association, na pia aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Ushauri la Taifa kuhusu Elimu ya Wahindi kuanzia 1983 hadi 1990. Mwaka 1993 aliingizwa katika Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame kwa kazi yake ya kusaidia watoto wa kuasili na kwa kuanzisha North American Indian Women's Association.
Maisha ya awali
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Marie Cerday alizaliwa Januari 17, 1920, katika Hospitali ya Wahindi ya Lawton, Oklahoma akiwa mtoto wa Herlinda (née Portillo) na Dave Cerday.[1][2] Alisoma katika shule ya bweni ya Ft. Sill Indian Boarding School na baadaye shule ya sekondari ya Walters. Aliendelea na masomo yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Central State huko Edmond, Oklahoma. Tarehe 6 Juni 1938, huko Lawton, aliolewa na James M. Cox.[1] James alikuwa mjukuu wa Chifu Quanah Parker na baadaye alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Comanche Nation.[3]
Miaka ya uanaharakati
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Mwaka 1970, Cox alianzisha North American Indian Women's Association (NAIWA) na kuwa rais wake wa kwanza wa kitaifa.[3] Malengo ya shirika hilo yalikuwa kuboresha maisha ya familia na jamii, afya na elimu, pamoja na kuimarisha mawasiliano kati ya makabila na kuhifadhi utamaduni.[4] Lilikuwa mojawapo ya mashirika ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya wanawake wa asili ya Marekani na lililenga kutafuta suluhisho la matatizo ya wanawake kwa kushirikiana kati ya makabila.[5] Mwaka 1971, shirika hilo lilifanya mkutano wake wa kwanza mjini Ft. Sill, Oklahoma,[4] na baadaye mkutano mwingine mjini Albuquerque, New Mexico, ambapo walikubaliana kuzingatia elimu kama kipaumbele.[5] Cox aliendelea kuwa rais wa kitaifa hadi mwaka 1973.[6]
Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970, Cox alianza kutembelea jamii mbalimbali za watu wa asili ya Marekani nchini Marekani ili kukusanya taarifa kuhusu mahitaji ya watoto wao. Alijikita zaidi kwa watoto waliokuwa kwenye taasisi, walioko katika mfumo wa malezi ya kambo, makundi ya nyumbani group homes (group homes: nyumba za makazi ya pamoja zenye uangalizi maalum, ambapo watu—hasa watoto katika malezi ya kambo au wenye mahitaji maalum—huishi pamoja chini ya usimamizi wa walezi, katika mazingira yanayofanana na familia), au wanaosoma katika American Indian boarding schools. Utafiti huo ulifanywa na NAIWA kwa ufadhili wa Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) kwa ajili ya Bunge la Marekani.[7] Mwaka 1972, Cox alikuwa mjumbe wa kamati ya Taifa ya Idara ya Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) iliyochunguza hali ya watoto katika malezi ya kambo. Alitia saini Haki za Watoto wa Kambo (Bill of Rights for Foster Children) mwaka 1973, zilizopitishwa na Bunge, na pia alihudhuria mkutano wa Ikulu kuhusu matatizo ya akili.[7][8] Mwaka 1974 alipokea tuzo ya Indian Leadership Award kutoka BIA kwa kazi yake hiyo.[9] Mwaka huo huo alitambuliwa na gavana David Hall kama Raia Bora wa Oklahoma.[1]
Mwaka 1975, Cox alikuwa mzungumzaji katika mkutano wa wanawake wa asili ya Marekani uliofanyika Window Rock, Arizona.[10] Wanawake zaidi ya 800 walihudhuria mkutano huo, ambao ulijadili changamoto za kisiasa na kitamaduni zinazowakabili wanawake wa asili ya Marekani, huku ukilenga kuwawezesha wanawake ndani ya utamaduni wao.[11] Mwaka 1977, alitunukiwa heshima ya "Mwanamke Bora wa Kihindi wa 1977" katika hafla iliyofanyika Chilocco Indian Agricultural School.[3] Mwaka huohuo alihudhuria mkutano wa NAIWA uliochunguza ufanyaji wa upasuaji au dawa unaolenga kuondoa uwezo wa wanawake wa asili ya Marekani kuzaa (sterilization) bila idhini yao kamili, na pia alijadili jinsi sheria ya Indian Child Welfare Act ilivyotekelezwa, ambayo ilikuwa inalenga kulinda haki za watoto wa asili ya Marekani katika malezi na familia.[12][9]
Mwaka 1983, Cox aliteuliwa na Rais Ronald Reagan kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Ushauri la Taifa kuhusu Elimu ya Wahindi.[13] Aliteuliwa tena mwaka 1985,[14] 1987,[15] na 1989, akihudumu hadi 1990 alipobadilishwa na Terry Neese.[16] Mwaka 1984 aliteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya Child Welfare League of America na mwaka 1988 alikuwa mjumbe wa Tume ya Masuala ya Wahindi ya Oklahoma.[1] Mwaka 1993 aliingizwa katika Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame[17] na mwaka 1999 yeye na mumewe walishiriki katika mradi wa historia ya masimulizi ya mdomo ya Museum of the Great Plains.[18]
Alifariki huko Midwest City, Oklahoma, tarehe 10 Mei 2005 akiwa na umri wa miaka 85.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- 1 2 3 4 NewsOK 2005.
- ↑ Lassen County Times 2009, p. 15.
- 1 2 3 Welch & June 16, 1977, p. 23.
- 1 2 Lee 1971, p. 6.
- 1 2 Prather 1971, p. 13.
- ↑ Native American Rights Fund 1973, p. 37.
- 1 2 The Fairbanks Daily News-Miner 1973, p. 7.
- 1 2 The Lawton Constitution 1974, p. 2.
- ↑ The Hobbs Daily News-Sun 1975, p. 17.
- ↑ Niethammer 2004, pp. 207–208.
- ↑ Welch & June 15, 1977, p. 1.
- ↑ Reagan 1983.
- ↑ National Advisory Council on Indian Education 1986, p. 11.
- ↑ The Los Angeles Times 1987, p. 5.
- ↑ Bush 1993, p. 1229.
- ↑ The Tulsa World 1993.
- ↑ Neeley 1999.
Bibliografia
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Bush, George (1993). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1992-1993. Washington, D.C.: Best Books. ISBN 978-1-62376-760-0.
- Lee, Jane (Oktoba 26, 1971). "Indian Women Seen as Key". The Lawrence Journal-World. Lawrence, Kansas. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - National Advisory Council on Indian Education (1986). ED275485: The Indian Education Act in the 1980's: Quest for Equity and Quality. The 12th Annual Report to the Congress of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
- Neeley, Bill (1999). Comanche oral history tapes: Tape 1 interview with James Cox, former tribal chairman and grandson of Quanah Parker, and his wife Marie Cox, founder of the North American Indian Women's Association (VHS Video tape). Lawton, Oklahoma: Museum of the Great Plains. OCLC 191103797.
- Niethammer, Carolyn (2004). I'll Go and Do More: Annie Dodge Wauneka, Navajo Leader and Activist. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8384-9.
- Prather, Grace M. (Novemba 7, 1971). "Indian Women Strive to Preserve Native Cultures". The Albuquerque Journal. Albuquerque, New Mexico. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016 – kutoka Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
- Reagan, Ronald (Oktoba 27, 1983). Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. (whr.). "Appointment of Four Members of the National Advisory Council on Indian Education". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara, California: Public Papers of the Presidents. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Oktoba 12, 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Welch, Judy (Juni 16, 1977). "Oklahoma Woman Named Top Indian". Arkansas City, Kansas: The Arkansas City Traveler. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016 – kutoka Newspaperarchive.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Welch, Judy (Juni 15, 1977). "Indian Women Want Full Sterilization Report from Federal Accounting Office". Arkansas City, Kansas: The Arkansas City Traveler. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016 – kutoka Newspaperarchive.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "2 Picked for Indian Panel". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. UPI. Julai 21, 1987. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Anita Hill, Two Tulsans Inducted Into Hall of Fame". The Tulsa World. Tulsa, Oklahoma. AP. Desemba 17, 1993. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Cache Girl Will Present Award". Lawton, Oklahoma: The Lawton Constitution. Aprili 1, 1974. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016 – kutoka Newspaperarchive.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Look over needs of overlooked children aim of Indian women". The Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Fairbanks, Alaska. Julai 31, 1973. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016 – kutoka Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Marie C. Cox". Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: NewsOK. Mei 12, 2005. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Julai 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Maryetta Cerday Sheldrew". Lassen County Times. Susanville, California. Novemba 17, 2009. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 29 Julai 2016. Iliwekwa mnamo 29 Julai 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "North American Indian Women's Association Training Program, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; April 24-26, 1973" (PDF). NARF. Boulder, Colorado: Native American Rights Fund. 1973. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Proposes New Economic Role for Navajo Women". Hobbs, New Mexico: The Hobbs Daily News-Sun. Septemba 24, 1975. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016 – kutoka Newspapers.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - "Thompson Supports Bill of Rights for Foster Children". Navajo Times. Window Rock, Arizona. Juni 19, 1975. Iliwekwa mnamo 30 Julai 2016 – kutoka Newspaperarchive.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
