Mtumiaji:Rberetta/mpya : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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{{Uainishaji
{{Uainishaji
| rangi = #D3D3A4
| rangi = #D3D3A4
| jina = Lama
| jina = Alpaka
| picha = Llama lying down.jpg
| picha = Unshorn alpaca grazing.jpg
| upana_wa_picha = 250px
| upana_wa_picha = 250px
| maelezo_ya_picha = Lama anayelala<br><sup>(''Lama glama'')</sup>
| maelezo_ya_picha = Alpaka asiyenyoleka akila<br><sup>(''Vicugna pacos'')</sup>
| himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] <small>(Wanyama)</small>
| himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] <small>(Wanyama)</small>
| faila = [[Chordata]] <small>(Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)</small>
| faila = [[Chordata]] <small>(Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)</small>
Mstari 12: Mstari 12:
| familia = [[Camelidae]] <small>(Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ngamia]])</small>
| familia = [[Camelidae]] <small>(Wanyama walio na mnasaba na [[ngamia]])</small>
| bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821
| bingwa_wa_familia = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1821
| jenasi = ''[[Lama (jenasi)|Lama]]'' <small>([[Lama (mnyama)|Lama]] na [[Guanako]])</small>
| jenasi = ''[[Vicugna]]'' <small>([[Alpaka]] na [[vikunya]])</small>
| bingwa_wa_jenasi = [[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1800
| bingwa_wa_jenasi = Lesson, 1842
| spishi = ''[[L. glama]]'' <small>(Lama)</small>
| spishi = ''[[Vicugna pacos|V. pacos]]'' <small>(Alpaka)</small>
| bingwa_wa_spishi = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
| bingwa_wa_spishi = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
| ramani = Lama glama Vicugna pacos range.png
| ramani = Leefgebied alpaca.JPG
| maelezo_ya_ramani = Usambazaji wa lama na vikunya
| maelezo_ya_ramani = Usambazaji wa alpaka
}}
}}
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'''Lama''' ni mnyama wa kufugwa wa [[spishi]] ''Lama glama'' katika [[Familia (biolojia)|familia]] Camelidae, anayeishi [[Amerika Kusini]]. Lama ametumiwa kwa upana na watu wa milima ya [[Andes]] tangu kabla ya historia, kwa nyama yake na kubeba mizigo.
'''Alpaka''' ni mnyama wa kufugwa wa [[spishi]] ''Vicugna pacos'' katika [[Familia (biolojia)|familia]] Camelidae, anayeishi [[Amerika Kusini]]. Alpaka anafanana na [[Lama (mnyama)|lama]] mdogo. Kuna nususpishi mbili za alpaka; alpaka suri na alpaka huacaya.


== Maelezo ==
== Maelezo ==
[[Picha:Domestic llama (2009-05-19).jpg|thumb|left|Lama wa kufugwa]]
[[Picha:Alpaca headshot.jpg|thumb|left|Uso wa alpaka kwa karibu]]


Alpaka hutunzwa kwa makundi na hulishwa katika nyanda za juu za milima ya [[Andes]] katika upande wa kusini wa [[Peru]], kaskazini ya [[Bolivia]], [[Ekuador]], na kaskazini ya [[Chile]] at an altitude of 3,500 m to 5,000 m above sea level, throughout the year.[1] Alpacas are considerably smaller than llamas, and unlike llamas, they were not bred to be beasts of burden, but were bred specifically for their fiber. Alpaca fiber is used for making knitted and woven items, similar to wool. These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles and ponchos in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world. The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia and 16 as classified in the United States.
Lama mzima ana kimo cha mita 1.7–1.8 juu ya kichwa, na uzito wa kilo 130–200. Wakati wa kuzaliwa, lama mchanga ana uzito wa kilo 9 hadi 14. Kwa kawaida, lama wanaishi miaka 15–25, na lama wengine wamejulikana kuishi zaidi ya miaka 30.<ref name=Characteristics/><ref name=Facts/><ref name=FAQ/>


In the textile industry, "alpaca" primarily refers to the hair of Peruvian alpacas, but more broadly it refers to a style of fabric originally made from alpaca hair, but now often made from similar fibers, such as mohair, Icelandic sheep wool, or even high-quality English wool.[citation needed] In trade, distinctions are made between alpacas and the several styles of mohair and luster.
[[Picha:Emmett and evie.JPG|thumb|left|Jika na ndama wake]]


An adult alpaca generally is between 81 and 99 cm in height at the withers. They usually weigh between 48 and 84 kg (106 and 185 lbs).
Lama ndio wanyama wa kijamii sana, na huishi pamoja katika makundi. Sufu ya lama ni laini sana na haina [[lanolini]]. Lama wana akili na huweza kufundishwa kazi rahisi baada ya kuzirudia mara chache. Wakitumia tandiko la mzigo, wanaweza kubeba takribani 25% hadi 30% ya uzito wa mwili wao kwa kusafiri kilomita 8–13.<ref name="OK State"/>

Jina la lama lilitokea jina la Kingereza "llama", lililochukuliwa toka lugha ya wenyeji wa [[Peru]].<ref>Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, "''llama''"</ref>

Inaonekana kwamba lama wamekuja kwa asili kutoka nyanda za [[Amerika Kaskazini]] takribani miaka milioni 40 iliyopita. Walihamia Amerika Kusini takribani miaka milioni tatu iliyopita. Mwishoni mwa zama ya barafu ya mwisho (miaka 10,000–12,000 iliyopita), wanyama wa familia Camelidae walikuwa wametoweka Amerika Kaskazini.<ref name="OK State"/> Mnamo 2007, idadi ya lama na alpaka pamoja ilikuwa zaidi ya milioni saba Amerika Kusini, na kutokana na uingizaji kutoka Amerika Kusini mwishoni mwa karne ya 20, sasa kuna zaidi ya lama 158,000 na alpaka 100,000 wanaoishi [[Marekani]] na [[Kanada]].<ref name=Numbers/>


== Marejeo ==
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=Characteristics>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.nose-n-toes.com/characts.htm
|title=Llama Characteristics
|publisher=Nose-n-Toes
|date=2007-06-25}}</ref>
<ref name=Facts>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.llamasofatlanta.com/llama_facts.htm
|title=Llama Facts 1
|publisher=Llamas of Atlanta
|date=2007-06-25}}</ref>
<ref name=FAQ>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.twincreeksllamas.com/faq/FAQs.htm
|publisher=Twin Creeks Llamas
|title=Llama FAQ
|date=2007-06-25}}</ref>
<ref name="OK State">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/other/llama/
|publisher=[[Oklahoma State University]]
|title=Llama
|date=2007-06-25}}</ref>
<ref name=Numbers>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.scla.us/llamafacts.html
|author=South Central Llama Association
|title=Llama Facts 2
|date=2009-01-22}}</ref>
}}
}}


{{Commons category|Lama glama}}
{{Commons category|Vicugna pacos}}


{{Artiodactyla|T.}}
{{Artiodactyla|T.}}

Pitio la 23:45, 9 Desemba 2014

Alpaka
Alpaka asiyenyoleka akila (Vicugna pacos)
Alpaka asiyenyoleka akila
(Vicugna pacos)
Uainishaji wa kisayansi
Himaya: Animalia (Wanyama)
Faila: Chordata (Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)
Ngeli: Mamalia (Wanyama wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao)
Oda: Artiodactyla (Wanyama wenye vidole viwili au vinne mguuni)
Nusuoda: Tylopoda (Wanyama wenye miguu inayovimba)
Familia: Camelidae (Wanyama walio na mnasaba na ngamia)
J. E. Gray, 1821
Jenasi: Vicugna (Alpaka na vikunya)
Lesson, 1842
Spishi: V. pacos (Alpaka)
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Usambazaji wa alpaka
Usambazaji wa alpaka

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Alpaka ni mnyama wa kufugwa wa spishi Vicugna pacos katika familia Camelidae, anayeishi Amerika Kusini. Alpaka anafanana na lama mdogo. Kuna nususpishi mbili za alpaka; alpaka suri na alpaka huacaya.

Maelezo

Uso wa alpaka kwa karibu

Alpaka hutunzwa kwa makundi na hulishwa katika nyanda za juu za milima ya Andes katika upande wa kusini wa Peru, kaskazini ya Bolivia, Ekuador, na kaskazini ya Chile at an altitude of 3,500 m to 5,000 m above sea level, throughout the year.[1] Alpacas are considerably smaller than llamas, and unlike llamas, they were not bred to be beasts of burden, but were bred specifically for their fiber. Alpaca fiber is used for making knitted and woven items, similar to wool. These items include blankets, sweaters, hats, gloves, scarves, a wide variety of textiles and ponchos in South America, and sweaters, socks, coats and bedding in other parts of the world. The fiber comes in more than 52 natural colors as classified in Peru, 12 as classified in Australia and 16 as classified in the United States.

In the textile industry, "alpaca" primarily refers to the hair of Peruvian alpacas, but more broadly it refers to a style of fabric originally made from alpaca hair, but now often made from similar fibers, such as mohair, Icelandic sheep wool, or even high-quality English wool.[citation needed] In trade, distinctions are made between alpacas and the several styles of mohair and luster.

An adult alpaca generally is between 81 and 99 cm in height at the withers. They usually weigh between 48 and 84 kg (106 and 185 lbs).

Marejeo

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