Latvia

Latvia

Ramani ya Latvia

Latvia (kwa Kilatvia: Latvija au Latvijas Republika, kwa Kilivonia: Lețmō au Leţmō Vabāmō) ni nchi ya Kibalti katika Ulaya ya Kaskazini.

Imepakana na Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus na Urusi. Uswidi iko ng'ambo ya bahari ya Baltiki.

Mji mkuu ni Riga.

Latvia ni nchi mwanachama wa Umoja wa Ulaya tangu 1 Mei 2004.

Historia

Kwa muda mrefu Estonia ilikuwa chini ya Wajerumani, Wapolandi na Waswidi, halafu (1710) sehemu ya Dola la Urusi.

Katika miaka 1918-1940 ilikuwa jamhuri halafu miaka 1940-1991 mwanachama wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti.

Baada ya umoja huo wa majimbo 15 kusambaratika, Latvia ilijitangaza nchi huru tena.

Latvia ilijiunga na Umoja wa Ulaya baada ya azimio la Halmashauri Kuu ya Ulaya ya tarehe 13 Desemba 2002 iliyokutana Kopenhagen.

Katika kura ya maoni ya tarehe 20 Septemba 2003 ni 66.9% za Walatvia wote waliokubali azimio hilo.

Latvia iliingia rasmi katika Umoja wa Ulaya tarehe 1 Mei 2004 pamoja na nchi nyingine 9 za Ulaya mashariki.

Watu

Idadi ya watu inapungua, na sasa iko chini ya milioni 2.

Wakazi wengi ni Walatvia 61.6%, halafu Warusi 25.8%, Wabelarus 3,4%, Waukraina 2,3%, Wapolandi 2,1%, Walituania 1.2% na wengine 4.8%.

Lugha rasmi ni Kilatvia, ambayo ni mojawapo ya lugha za Kibalti. Wananchi walipiga kura ya kukataa Kirusi kama lugha rasmi ya pili.

Upande wa dini, wengi (78.5%) ni Wakristo wa madhehebu mbalimbali, ingawa 7% tu wanashiriki ibada mara kwa mara. Hasa ni Walutheri (34.2%), Wakatoliki (24.1%) na Waorthodoksi (19.4%). Asilimia 21.1 hawana dini yoyote.

Tazama pia

• Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi

Marejeo

Latvia

• Cimdiņa, Ausma; and Deniss Hanovs (eds.) (2011). Latvia and Latvians: A People and a State in Ideas, Images and Symbols. Rīga: Zinātne Publishers. ISBN 978-9984-808-83-3. 
• Plakans, Andrejs (2010). The A to Z of Latvia. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7209-7. 
• Ģērmanis, Uldis (2007). The Latvian Saga. Rīga: Atēna. ISBN 978-9984-34-291-7. 
• Bleiere, Daina; and Ilgvars Butulis; Antonijs Zunda; Aivars Stranga; Inesis Feldmanis (2006). History of Latvia: the 20th century. Rīga: Jumava. ISBN 9984-38-038-6. OCLC 70240317. 
• Lumans, Valdis O. (2006). Latvia in World War II. Fordham University Press. ISBN 0-8232-2627-1. 
• Plakans, Andrejs (1998). Historical Dictionary of Latvia (toleo la 2nd). Lanham: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5515-1. 
• Plakans, Andrejs (1995). The Latvians: A Short History. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press / Stanford University. ISBN 978-0-8179-9302-3. 
• Dreifelds, Juris (1996). Latvia in Transition. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55537-1. 
• Rutkis, Jānis (ed.) (1967). Latvia: Country & People. Stockholm: Latvian National Foundation. OCLC 457313. 
• Arveds, Švābe (1949). The Story of Latvia: A Historical Survey. Stockholm: Latvian National Foundation. OCLC 2961684. 
• Turlajs, Jānis (2012). Latvijas vēstures atlants. Rīga: Karšu izdevniecība Jāņa sēta. ISBN 978-9984-07-614-0. 

Nchi za Kibalti

• Plakans, Andrejs (2011). A Concise History of the Baltic States. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54155-8. 
• Kasekamp, Andres (2010). A History of the Baltic States. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-01940-9. 
• Jacobsson, Bengt (2009). The European Union and the Baltic States: Changing forms of governance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-48276-9. 
• Hiden, John; and Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). The Baltic Question during the Cold War. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-56934-7. 
• D'Amato, Giuseppe (2004). Travel to the Baltic Hansa – The European Union and its enlargement to the East (Book in Italian: Viaggio nell’Hansa baltica – L’Unione europea e l’allargamento ad Est). Milano: Greco&Greco editori. ISBN 88-7980-355-7. 
• Lehti, Marko; and David J. Smith (eds.) (2003). Post-Cold War Identity Politics – Northern and Baltic Experiences. London/Portland: Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 0-7146-8351-5. 
• Williams, Nicola; Debra Herrmann; Cathryn Kemp (2003). Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (toleo la 3rd). London: Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74059-132-1. 
• Bojtár, Endre (1999). Forward to the Past – A Cultural History of the Baltic People. Budapest: Central European University Press. ISBN 978-963-9116-42-9. 
• Smith, Graham (ed.) (1994). The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-12060-5. 
• Lieven, Anatol (1994). The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence (toleo la 2nd). New Haven/London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05552-8. 
• Hiden, John; Patrick Salmon (1991). The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-08246-3. 

Mengineyo

• Šleivyte, Janina (2010). Russia's European Agenda and the Baltic States. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-55400-8. 
• Commercio, Michele E. (2010). Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transformative Power of Informal Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4221-8. 

Viungo vya nje

• Rīga Wiki

Serikali

• President of Latvia
• Parliament of Latvia
• Government of Latvia
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia
• Statistical Office of Latvia
• Latvian Institute
• Bank of Latvia

Taarifa za jumla

• Latvia Online
• European Union country profile
• Britannica Online Encyclopedia
• BBC News country profile
• Latvia entry at The World Factbook
• Latvia from UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Latvia katika Open Directory Project
• Key Development Forecasts for Latvia from International Futures

Elimu na utamaduni

• Latvian Cultural Canon
• Latvian Culture Map
• Latvian Culture Portal
• Latvian Community
• Livonian Culture Portal
• State Agency of Cultural Heritage
• National Library of Latvia
• Latvian Heritage
• Latvian Music Information Centre

Utalii

• Official Latvian Tourism Portal

Ramani

• Wikimedia Atlas of Latvia

Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Ulaya bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Latvia kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.