Visiwa vya Maluku : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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Pitio la 22:01, 1 Oktoba 2019

Ramani ya Maluku; Maluku Utara = Maluku Kaskazini
Faili:IndonesiaMalukuIslands
Maluku katika Indonesia

Visiwa vya Maluku (ing. Moluccas) ni kundi la visiwa nchini Indonesia vilivyopo baina ya Sulawesi na Guinea Mpya.

Eneo lote la Maluku ni takriban kilomita za mraba 850,000 lakini nchi kavu yaani visiwa vyenyewe ambavyo ni 1,027 ni km² 74,505 pekee. Wakazi ni takribani milioni 2.8.

Maluku ilikuwa jimbo la Indonesia hadi mwaka 1999 ilipogawiwa kuwa majimbo mawili

  • Maluku katika kusini, pamoja na kiswa kikuu cha Ambon; seheu hii ina Wakristo wengi
  • Maluku Utara au Maluku Kaskazini pamoja na kisiwa kikuu cha Halmahera; sehemu hii ina Waislamu wengi

Visiwa vya Maluku vilijulikana kama "visiwa vya viungo" (spice islands) na Waarabu, Wareno na Waholanzi walishindana hapa kutawala biashara miaka 500 iliyopita hadi Maluku pamoja na visiwa vingine vya Indonesia vilikuwa koloni ya Uholanzi.

Hadi leo kilimo cha karafuu na kungumanga ni muhimu kiuchumi pamoja na uvuvi.

Wakazi ni mchanganyiko hasa wa Wamalay pamoja na Wamelanesia. Upande wa dini Wareno walifaulu kuvuta wenyeji wengi upande wa Ukristo ilhai sehemu nyingine za Indonesia walihamia zaidi upande wa Uislamu lakini juzijuzi watu wengi walifika kutoka pande nyingine za Indonesia na wengi wao walikuwa Waislamu.

Baiba mwaka 1999 na 2002 kuliuwa na mapigano baina ya Wakristo na Waislamu na watu wengi walifukuzwa makwao; maelfu walipoteza maisha na takriban nusu milioni walifukuzwa kutoka makazi yao.

Marejeo

Tanbihi

Marejeo

  • Andaya, Leonard Y. (1993). The World of Maluku: Eastern Indonesia in the Early Modern Period. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-1490-8}}.
  • Bellwood, Peter (1997). Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian archipelago. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-1883-0}}.
  • Donkin, R. A. (1997). Between East and West: The Moluccas and the Traffic in Spices Up to the Arrival of Europeans. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-248-1}}.
  • Milton, Giles (1999). Nathaniel's Nutmeg. London: Sceptre. ISBN 978-0-340-69676-7}}.
  • Monk, Kathryn A., Yance De Fretes, Gayatri Reksodiharjo-Lilley (1997). The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Singapore: Periplus Press. ISBN 962-593-076-0}}.
  • Van Oosterzee, Penny (1997). Where Worlds Collide: The Wallace Line. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8497-9}}.
  • Wallace, Alfred Russel (2000; originally published 1869). The Malay Archipelago. Singapore: Periplus Press. ISBN 962-593-645-9}}.

Kujisomea

  • George Miller (editor), To The Spice Islands And Beyond: Travels in Eastern Indonesia, Oxford University Press, 1996, Paperback, 310 pages, ISBN 967-65-3099-9
* Severin, Tim The Spice Island Voyage: In Search of Wallace, Abacus, 1997, paperback, 302 pages, ISBN 0-349-11040-9
* Bergreen, Laurence Over the Edge of the World, Morrow, 2003, paperback, 480 pages
  • Muller, Dr. Kal Spice Islands: The Moluccas, Periplus Editions, 1990, paperback, 168 pages, ISBN 0-945971-07-9

Viungo vya Nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:
* Deforestation in the Moluccas

Coordinates: 2°00′S 128°00′E / 2.000°S 128.000°E / -2.000; 128.000