Maada : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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Mata inapatikana kwa kawaida katika [[hali za mata|hali]] nne: [[mango]], [[kiowevu]], [[gesi]] na [[plazma (fizikia)| |
Mata inapatikana kwa kawaida katika [[hali za mata|hali]] nne: [[mango]], [[kiowevu]], [[gesi]] na [[plazma (fizikia)|utegili]]. |
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Hivyo matawi mbalimbali ya [[sayansi]] yanatumia neno mata kwa maana tofautitofauti.<ref name=Davies> |
Hivyo matawi mbalimbali ya [[sayansi]] yanatumia neno mata kwa maana tofautitofauti.<ref name=Davies> |
Pitio la 12:42, 8 Septemba 2019
Mata kwa kawaida inaweza kupatikana katika hali nne. Picha zinazionyesha kutoka juu kwenda chini: kwazi (mango), maji (kiowevu), daioksidi ya nitrojeni (gesi), na tufe la plazma (plazma). |
Mata (kutoka Kiingereza matter: kwa Kiswahili pia "maada") ni neno pana linalojumlisha vyote vinavyoweza kuonekana, kusikika, kuguswa, kuchunguzwa n.k., ikiwemo hasa mata ya kawaida inayoundwa na atomi ambazo tena zinaundwa na kiini cha protoni na neutroni, kikizungukwa na wingu la elektroni.[1][2]
Tangu karne ya 20 ufafanuzi sahihi wa mata umeshindikana kutokana na maendeleo ya sayansi, nayo si tena jambo la msingi katika fizikia kama ilivyokuwa awali.[3][4]
Mata inapatikana kwa kawaida katika hali nne: mango, kiowevu, gesi na utegili.
Hivyo matawi mbalimbali ya sayansi yanatumia neno mata kwa maana tofautitofauti.[5][6][7]Falsafa pia inatumia neno hilo, hasa kwa kutofautisha mata na roho, na hivyo ulimwengu unaoonekana na ule ambao hauonekani, lakini unasadikika kuwepo.
Tanbihi
- ↑ P. Davies (1992). The New Physics: A Synthesis. Cambridge University Press. uk. 1. ISBN 0-521-43831-4.
- ↑ G. 't Hooft (1997). In search of the ultimate building blocks. Cambridge University Press. uk. 6. ISBN 0-521-57883-3.
- ↑ R. Penrose (1991). "The mass of the classical vacuum". Katika S. Saunders, H.R. Brown. The Philosophy of Vacuum. Oxford University Press. uk. 21. ISBN 0-19-824449-5.
- ↑ "Matter (physics)". McGraw-Hill's Access Science: Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Online. Iliwekwa mnamo 2009-05-24.
- ↑ P.C.W. Davies (1979). The Forces of Nature. Cambridge University Press. uk. 116. ISBN 0-521-22523-X.
- ↑ S. Weinberg (1998). The Quantum Theory of Fields. Cambridge University Press. uk. 2. ISBN 0-521-55002-5.
- ↑ M. Masujima (2008). Path Integral Quantization and Stochastic Quantization. Springer. uk. 103. ISBN 3-540-87850-5.
Marejeo
- Lillian Hoddeson; Michael Riordan, wahariri (1997). The Rise of the Standard Model. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57816-7.
- Timothy Paul Smith (2004). "The search for quarks in ordinary matter". Hidden Worlds. Princeton University Press. uk. 1. ISBN 0-691-05773-7.
- Harald Fritzsch (2005). Elementary Particles: Building blocks of matter. World Scientific. uk. 1. ISBN 981-256-141-2.
- Bertrand Russell (1992). "The philosophy of matter". A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz (toleo la Reprint of 1937 2nd). Routledge. uk. 88. ISBN 0-415-08296-X.
- Stephen Toulmin and June Goodfield, The Architecture of Matter (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
- Richard J. Connell, Matter and Becoming (Chicago: The Priory Press, 1966).
- Ernan McMullin, The Concept of Matter in Greek and Medieval Philosophy (Notre Dame, Indiana: Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1965).
- Ernan McMullin, The Concept of Matter in Modern Philosophy (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1978).
Viungo vya nje
- Visionlearning Module on Matter
- Matter in the universe How much Matter is in the Universe?
- NASA on superfluid core of neutron star
- Matter and Energy: A False Dichotomy – Conversations About Science with Theoretical Physicist Matt Strassler
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