Marekani : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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[[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] nchini Marekani vilipigwa kuanzia [[1861]] hadi [[1865]] kati ya majimbo ya kusini na majimbo ya kaskazini nchini Marekani. Sababu mojawapo muhimu ya vita ilikuwa [[suala]] la [[utumwa]]. Majimbo ya kaskazini yaliwahi kupiga utumwa [[marufuku]] lakini majimbo ya kusini yaliendelea na [[sheria]] zilizoruhusu utumwa na matajiri wengi wa kusini walitegemea kazi ya watumwa. Vita vilikuwa virefu na watu 650.000 walikufa, lakini mwishoni kaskazini ilishinda. |
[[Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] nchini Marekani vilipigwa kuanzia [[1861]] hadi [[1865]] kati ya majimbo ya kusini na majimbo ya kaskazini nchini Marekani. Sababu mojawapo muhimu ya vita ilikuwa [[suala]] la [[utumwa]]. Majimbo ya kaskazini yaliwahi kupiga utumwa [[marufuku]] lakini majimbo ya kusini yaliendelea na [[sheria]] zilizoruhusu utumwa na matajiri wengi wa kusini walitegemea kazi ya watumwa. Vita vilikuwa virefu na watu 650.000 walikufa, lakini mwishoni kaskazini ilishinda. |
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== Watu == |
== Watu == |
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Nchi ina wakazi zaidi ya milioni 320, na ina mchanganyiko mkubwa kuliko nyingine zote duniani. |
Nchi ina wakazi zaidi ya milioni 320, na ina mchanganyiko mkubwa kuliko nyingine zote duniani. |
Pitio la 09:41, 20 Machi 2019
Marekani |
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Muungano wa Madola ya Amerika (kwa Kiingereza: United States of America), inajulikana pia kama Marekani (kwa Kiingereza: United States, US, USA au America), ni nchi inayopakana na Kanada na Meksiko katika Amerika ya Kaskazini, mbali ya kuundwa pia na visiwa vya Hawaii.
Mji mkuu wa Marekani ni Washington DC.
Eneo
Marekani bara
Eneo la Marekani lina ukubwa wa kilometa mraba 9,826,675 na liko hasa katika bara la Amerika Kaskazini kati ya Kanada upande wa kaskazini na Meksiko upande wa kusini.
Marekani imeunganisha upana wote wa bara kutoka Bahari ya Atlantiki hadi Pasifiki, ikigawanywa kwa majimbo 48 yanayojitawala.
Eneo hilo lagawiwa katikati na mto mkubwa Mississippi unaoanza mpakani kwa Kanada na kuishia katika Ghuba ya Meksiko.
Alaska
Jimbo la Alaska liko pia kwenye bara la Amerika Kaskazini upande wa kaskazini kutoka Kanada kuelekea Urusi, lakini halipakani na jimbo lolote la Marekani.
Hawaii
Funguvisiwa ya Hawaii ni jimbo la visiwani katika bahari ya Pasifiki. Ni jimbo la 50 na la mwisho mpaka sasa.
Visiwa vya ng'ambo vya Marekani
Maeneo ya ng'ambo ya Marekani ni visiwa kadhaa ambavyo ni maeneo ya Kimarekani ingawa si sehemu ya jimbo lolote. Zamani yalikuwa kama makoloni hata kama Marekani ilidai kutokuwa na ukoloni. Siku hizi maeneo haya yamepata viwango mbalimbali vya kujitawala. Kwa kawaida maeneo haya huchagua pia wawakilishi kwa ajili ya bunge la Marekani lakini wawakilishi hao si wabunge wa kawaida, bali wana haki ya kusema na kushauri tu bila haki ya kupiga kura.
Visiwa muhimu kati ya hivyo ni kama ifuatavyo:
- Puerto Rico (Karibi)
- Visiwa vya Virgin vya Marekani (Karibi)
- Visiwa vya Mariana (Pasifiki)
- Guam (Pasifiki)
Milima
Baadhi ya milima ya Marekani ni: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- Mlima Baker - Cascades, Washington
- Mlima Baxter - California
- Mlima Big Bear - California
- Mlima Bona (futi 16,550) - Milima Saint Elias , Alaska
- Mlima Borah - Idaho
- Mlima Daraja - Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, Nevada
- Mlima Blue Ayubu - New Hampshire
- Blue Knob (Pennsylvania)
- Mlima Bristol (NY)
- Camel Hump - Milima Green, Vermont
- Mlima Cannon - Milima White, New Hampshire
- Cathedral Aina - California
- Mlima Charleston - Milima Spring, Nevada
- Mlima Cheaha - foothills ya Appalachian Milima, Alabama
- Mlima Churchill (futi 15,638) - Milima Saint Elias, Alaska
- Mlima Columbia - Colorado
- Mlima Kideni - California
- Mlima Denny - Washington
- Devils thumb - Alaska
- Devils Tower - Wyoming
- Mlima Diablo - California
- Mlima Delano - (futi 12,163), Milima Tushar, Utah
- Mlima Elbert (m 4,401) - Sawatch Range, Colorado wa juu katika Rocky Mountains
- Mlima Fairweather au Fairweather Mountain (m 4,663; futi 15,300) - Fairweather Range, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska & British Columbia, Marekani & Kanada, wa juu katika British Columbia
- Mlima Foraker - Alaska
- Gannett Aina - Wyoming
- Glacier Aina - Cascades, Washington
- Mlima Glas, California (m 3,395; futi 11,138)
- Grand Teton - Wyoming
- Mlima Greylock - Massachusetts
- Nusu Dome - California
- Mlima Hood - Cascades, Oregon
- Mlima Horsetooth - Colorado
- Milima Huron - Michigan
- Mlima Katahdin - mwisho wa kaskazini wa Appalachian Trail
- Wafalme Aina - Utah (futi 13,528) 40°46′43″N 110°22′28″W / 40.77861°N 110.37444°W wa 7 wa juu katika Marekani src
- Mlima Lafayette - Milima White, New Hampshire
- Mlima Lassen - Cascades, California
- Mlima Lemmon (m 2,791) - Milima Santa Catalina, Arizona
- Lone Peak, Wasatch Range - (futi 11,253) Utah 40°31′36″N 111°45′19″W / 40.52667°N 111.75528°W
- Longs Aina - Colorado
- Mlima Mammoth - California
- Mlima Mansfield - Milima Green, Vermont
- Mlima Marathon - Milima Kenai, Alaska
- Maroon Kengele - Colorado
- Mlima Marcus Baker - Chugach Range, Alaska
- Mlima Marcy (futi 5,344) - Milima Adirondack. kilele cha juu cha New York State
- Mlima Massive - Sawatch Range, Colorado
- Mauna Loa - Hawaii taz. Oceania.
- Mlima McKinley au Denali - Alaska (m 6194; futi 20,320) mlima mkubwa katika Amerika ya Kaskazini 63°04′10″N 151°00′13″W / 63.06944°N 151.00361°W
- Mlima Mitchell (futi 6,684) - mlima wa juu wa Appalachians
- Mlima Monadnock - New Hampshire
- Mlima Olympus - Washington
- Mlima Olympus - Wasatch Range, Utah (futi 9,026)
- Mlima Rainier (4.392 m) - Cascades, Washington
- Mlima Saint Elias (m 5,489) - wa 2 katika Amerika ya Kaskazini
- San Jacinto Peak (m 3,293) - California
- Mlima Sanford (futi 16,237) - Milima Saint Elias, Alaska
- Mlima Shasta - California
- Mlima Shuksan - Cascades
- Mlima St Helens - volkeno hai katika Cascades, Washington
- Mlima Si - Cascades, mfupi lakini maarufu
- Mlima Snoqualmie - Washington
- Mlima Stuart - Cascades, Washington
- Mlima Sunapee, NH
- Mlima Timpanogos - Wasatch Range, Utah (futi 11,750)
- Three Sisters - Oregon
- Mlima Torbert (11.413 ft) - Milima Tordillo, Alaska
- Mlima Washington (m 1,917; futi 6,288) - kilele cha juu kabisa katika Marekani kaskazini
- Mlima Werner - Colorado - eneo la Steamboat Ski Resort
- Wheeler Aina - pili juu topp Nevada
- Mlima Whitney (m 4,421; futi 14,497.2) - Sierra Nevada, mlima wa juu kabisa katika Marekani isipokuwa Alaska
Mito
Baadhi ya mito ya Marekani ni:
- Mto Arkansas
- Mto Charles
- Mto Columbia
- Mto Connecticut
- Mto Delaware
- Mto Grande
- Mto Hudson
- Mto Merrimack
- Mto Mississippi
- Mto Missouri
- Mto Ohio
- Mto Potomac
- Mto Sacramento
- Mto Saint Lawrence
- Mto Snake
- Mto Susquehanna
- Mto Tennessee
- Mto Yukon
Historia
Nchi ilianza kama mkusanyiko wa makoloni ya Uingereza kwenye pwani ya mashariki ya Amerika ya Kaskazini tangu karne ya 17. Walowezi kutoka Uingereza walijipatia ardhi wakipigana na wenyeji Waindio.
Katika vita ya uhuru wa Marekani makoloni yalipata uhuru wao uliotangazwa mwaka 1776 na kukubaliwa na Uingereza baada ya vita mwaka 1783.
Baadaye Marekani ilipanua eneo lake hadi bahari ya Pasifiki ikatwaa ardhi ya Maindio wazalendo, ikapokea wahamiaji wengi kutoka nchi zote za Ulaya pamoja na watumwa walioletwa kutoka Afrika.
Tangu karne ya 19 wahamiaji walifika pia kutoka Asia, hasa China na Japani.
Katika vita na Hispania na Meksiko Marekani ilipanua eneo lake kwenda kusini.
Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini Marekani vilipigwa kuanzia 1861 hadi 1865 kati ya majimbo ya kusini na majimbo ya kaskazini nchini Marekani. Sababu mojawapo muhimu ya vita ilikuwa suala la utumwa. Majimbo ya kaskazini yaliwahi kupiga utumwa marufuku lakini majimbo ya kusini yaliendelea na sheria zilizoruhusu utumwa na matajiri wengi wa kusini walitegemea kazi ya watumwa. Vita vilikuwa virefu na watu 650.000 walikufa, lakini mwishoni kaskazini ilishinda.
Watu
Nchi ina wakazi zaidi ya milioni 320, na ina mchanganyiko mkubwa kuliko nyingine zote duniani.
Lugha
Ingawa Muungano hauna lugha rasmi, majimbo yake 32 yanaipa hadhi hiyo lugha ya Kiingereza, iliyo lugha ya kwanza kwa asilimia 80 ya wakazi.
Wakazi wengine wanatumia lugha nyingine nyingi, hasa kulingana na nchi ya asili ya ukoo wao. Kati ya lugha hizo, inaongoza kwa mbali ile ya Kihispania (12%).
Dini
Nchini dini zote zina uhuru mkubwa, tena kwa asilimia 59 ya wakazi dini ina umuhimu wa hali ya juu, tofauti na nchi tajiri nyingine duniani.
Asilimia 70.6 hivi ya wakazi wanafuata Ukristo katika mojawapo ya madhehebu yake, hasa ya Uprotestanti (46.5%), ingawa ile kubwa zaidi ni Kanisa Katoliki (20.8%).
Dini nyingine zina asilimia 4.7, na kati yake inaongoza ile ya Uyahudi (1.9%), ikifuatwa na Uislamu (0.9%).
Watu maarufu
- Abraham Lincoln
- George Gershwin
- Herman Wouk
- James Kirkwood
- John Kennedy
- John Michael Talbot
- Kateri Tekakwitha
- Leo Sowerby
- Martin Luther King
- Thomas Jefferson
- William Carlos Williams
- William Saroyan
Tazama pia
- Orodha ya majimbo ya Marekani
- Orodha ya Marais wa Marekani
- Orodha ya chaguzi za Rais wa Marekani
- Peace Corps
- Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi
Marejeo
- Acharya, Viral V.; Cooley, Thomas F.; Richardson, Matthew P.; Walter, Ingo (2010). Regulating Wall Street: The Dodd-Frank Act and the New Architecture of Global Finance. Wiley. p. 592. ISBN 978-0-470-76877-8.
- Barth, James; Jahera, John (2010). "US Enacts Sweeping Financial Reform Legislation". Journal of Financial Economic Policy 2 (3): 192–195.
- Berkin, Carol; Miller, Christopher L.; Cherny, Robert W.; Gormly, James L. (2007). Making America: A History of the United States, Volume I: To 1877. Cengage Learning. p. 75., Book
- Bianchine, Peter J.; Russo, Thomas A. (1992). "The Role of Epidemic Infectious Diseases in the Discovery of America" 13 (5). OceanSide Publications, Inc. pp. 225–232. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
- Boyer, Paul S.; Clark, Clifford E. Jr.; Kett, Joseph F.; Salisbury, Neal; Sitkoff, Harvard; Woloch, Nancy (2007). The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. Cengage Learning. p. 588. ISBN 978-0-618-80161-9., Book
- Clingan, Edmund. An Introduction to Modern Western Civilization. iUniverse. ISBN 978-1-4620-5439-8., Book
- Calloway, Colin G. New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America. JHU Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8018-5959-5., Book
- Davis, Kenneth C. (1996). Don't know much about the Civil War. New York: William Marrow and Co. p. 518. ISBN 0-688-11814-3., Book
- Daynes, Byron W.; Sussman, Glen (eds.) (2010). White House Politics and the Environment: Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush. Texas A&M University Press. p. 320. ISBN 978-1-60344-254-1.
Presidential environmental policies, 1933–2009
, Book - Feldstein, Sylvan G.; Fabozzi, Frank J., CFA. The Handbook of Municipal Bonds. John Wiley & Sons, January 13, 2011. p. 1376. ISBN 978-1-118-04494-0., Book
- Gold, Susan Dudley (2006). United States V. Amistad: Slave Ship Mutiny. Marshall Cavendish. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-7614-2143-6., Book
- Ferguson, Thomas; Rogers, Joel (1986). "The Myth of America's Turn to the Right". The Atlantic 257 (5): 43–53. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
- Fraser, Steve; Gerstle, Gary (1989). The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order: 1930–1980. American History: Political science. Princeton University Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-691-00607-9.
- Gordon, John Steele (2004). An Empire of Wealth: The Epic History of American Economic Power. HarperCollins., Book
- Graebner, Norman A.; Burns, Richard Dean; Siracusa, Joseph M. (2008). Reagan, Bush, Gorbachev: Revisiting the End of the Cold War. Praeger Security International Series. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-313-35241-6.
- Hughes, David (2007). The British Chronicles 1. Westminster, Maryland: Heritage Books. p. 347.
- Jacobs, Lawrence R. (2010). Health Care Reform and American Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-978142-3.
- Johnson, Paul (1997). A History of the American People. HarperCollins. pp. 26–30., eBook version
- Juergens, Tom (2011). Wicked Puritans of Essex County. The History Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-59629-566-7., Book
- Kessel, William B.; Wooster, Robert (2005). Encyclopedia of Native American Wars and Warfare. Facts on File library of American History. Infobase Publishing. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-8160-3337-9., Book
- Kolko, Gabriel (1988). Confronting the Third World: United States Foreign Policy, 1945–1980. New York, NY: Pantheon.
- Leckie, Robert (1990). None died in vain: The Saga of the American Civil War. New York: Harper-Collins. p. 682. ISBN 0-06-016280-5., Book
- Leffler, Melvyn P. (2010). "The emergence of an American grand strategy, 1945–1952". In Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, eds.,The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Volume 1: Origins (pp. 67–89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83719-4.
- Lemon, James T. (1987). "Colonial America in the 18th Century". In Robert D. Mitchell; Paul A. Groves. North America: the historical geography of a changing continent. Rowman & Littlefield., PDF
- Lien, Ph.D., Arnold Johnson (1913). Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law, Volume 54. Longmans, Green & Co., Agents, London; Columbia University, New York. p. 604.
- Karen Woods Weierman (2005). One Nation, One Blood: Interracial Marriage In American Fiction, Scandal, And Law, 1820–1870. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-55849-483-1., Book
- Website sourcesLevenstein, Harvey (2003). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles. ISBN 0-520-23439-1.
- Mann, Kaarin (2007). "Interracial Marriage In Early America: Motivation and the Colonial Project". Michigan Journal of History (University of Michigan) (Fall). Archived from the original on May 15, 2013.
- Price, David A. (2003). Love and Hate in Jamestown: John Smith, Pocahontas, and the Start of a New Nation. Random House. eBook version
- Quirk, Joel (2011). The Anti-Slavery Project: From the Slave Trade to Human Trafficking. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-8122-4333-8., Book
- Ranlet, Philip (1999). Alden T. Vaughan, ed. New England Encounters: Indians and Euroamericans Ca. 1600–1850. North Eastern University Press.
- Rausch, David A. (1994). Native American Voices. Baker Books, Grand Rapids. p. 180., Book
- Remini, Robert V. (2007). The House: The History of the House of Representatives. HarperCollins. pp. 2–3., Book
- Ripper, Jason (2008). American Stories: To 1877. M.E. Sharpe. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-7656-2903-6., Book
- Russell, John Henderson (1913). The Free Negro in Virginia, 1619–1865. Johns Hopkins University. p. 196., E'Book
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- Schultz, David Andrew (2009). Encyclopedia of the United States Constitution. Infobase Publishing. p. 904. ISBN 978-1-4381-2677-7., Book
- Simonson, Peter (2010). Refiguring Mass Communication: A History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07705-0.
He held high the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the nation's unofficial motto, e pluribus unum, even as he was recoiling from the party system in which he had long participated.
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- Soss, Joe (2010). Hacker, Jacob S.; Mettler, Suzanne, eds. Remaking America: Democracy and Public Policy in an Age of Inequality. Russell Sage Foundation. ISBN 978-1-61044-694-5., Book
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- Vaughan, Alden T. (1999). New England Encounters: Indians and Euroamericans Ca. 1600–1850. North Eastern University Press.
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Viungo vya nje
- United States entry at The World Factbook
- United States, from the BBC News
- Key Development Forecasts for the United States from International Futures
- Serikali
- Official U.S. Government Web Portal Gateway to government sites
- House Official site of the United States House of Representatives
- Senate Official site of the United States Senate
- White House Official site of the President of the United States
- [[[:Kigezo:SCOTUS URL]] Supreme Court] Official site of the Supreme Court of the United States
- Historia
- Historical Documents Collected by the National Center for Public Policy Research
- U.S. National Mottos: History and Constitutionality Analysis by the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
- USA Collected links to historical data
- Ramani
- National Atlas of the United States Official maps from the U.S. Department of the Interior
- Wikimedia Atlas of the United States
- Measure of America A variety of mapped information relating to health, education, income, and demographics for the U.S.
- Vingine
- "Country Profile: United States of America", BBC News, April 22, 2008. Retrieved on May 18, 2008.
- Cohen, Eliot A. (July–August 2004). History and the Hyperpower. Foreign Affairs. Iliwekwa mnamo July 14, 2006.
- Slavery and the Slave Trade in Rhode Island.
- History of "In God We Trust". U.S. Department of the Treasury (March 8, 2011). Iliwekwa mnamo February 23, 2013.
- Early History, Native Americans, and Early Settlers in Mercer County. Mercer County Historical Society (427). Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya April 15, 2013., Book
- Nick Hayes. "Looking back 20 years: Who deserves credit for ending the Cold War?", November 6, 2009. Retrieved on March 11, 2013.
- 59e. The End of the Cold War. U.S. History.org. Independence Hall Association. Iliwekwa mnamo March 10, 2013.
- Levy, Peter B. (1996). Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years. ABC-CLIO. p. 442. ISBN 978-0-313-29018-3.
- Wallander, Celeste A. (2003). "Western Policy and the Demise of the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies (President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 5 (4): 137–177.
Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya Marekani bado ni mbegu. Je unajua kitu kuhusu Marekani kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |