Microsoft : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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[[Picha:Plant_maintained_by_Microsoft,_Bangalore,_India.jpeg|thumb|Mti unaotunzwa na Microsoft karibu na ofisi ya Dell, Bangalore, India.]]
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'''Microsoft Corporation''' {{nasdaq|MSFT}} {{sehk2|4338}} ni shirika la kimataifa teknolojia ya kompyuta kwamba utegeneza, tillverkar, leseni, na inasaidia anuwai za bidhaa kwa ajili ya kompyuta [[software]] apparater. <ref name="2005annual">{{cite web | title= Microsoft Corporation Annual Report 2005 | url= http://www.microsoft.com/msft/ar05/downloads/MS_2005_AR.doc | publisher = Microsoft | format = doc | accessdate= 1 Oktoba | accessyear=2005}}</ref> Makao yake makuu katika [[Redmond, Washington]], Marekani, bidhaa zake faida nyingi ni [[Microsoft Windows mfumo wa uendeshaji]] na [[Microsoft Office]] Suite wa tija software.
'''Microsoft Corporation''' ni [[kampuni]] ya kimataifa ya [[teknolojia]] ya [[kompyuta]]. <ref name="2005annual">{{cite web | title= Microsoft Corporation Annual Report 2005 | url= http://www.microsoft.com/msft/ar05/downloads/MS_2005_AR.doc | publisher = Microsoft | format = doc | accessdate= 1 Oktoba | accessyear=2005}}</ref>


Kampuni ilianzishwa na William Henry Gates III, (inayojulikana kama [[Bill Gates]]) [[mwaka]] [[1975]]<ref name="keyevents">{{cite web |title=Information for Students: Key Events In Microsoft History |url=http://www.microsoft.com/about/companyinformation/visitorcenter/student.mspx |publisher=Microsoft Visitor Center Student Information |accessdate=1 Oktoba 2005 |format=doc}}</ref>. [[Makao makuu]] yako [[Redmond, Washington]], [[Marekani]].
Kampuni ilianzishwa mwaka 1975, ili kukuza na kuuza [[BASIC wakalimani]] kwa [[Altair 8800]]. Microsoft rose dominera [[nyumbani]] mfumo wa [[kompyuta]] kuendesha soko na [[MS-DOS]] katika mid-1980, na kufuatiwa na mstari wa uendeshaji [[Windows]] system. Wengi wa bidhaa zake zina mafanikio karibu-ubiquity [[desktop kompyuta]] katika soko. Inabainisha kwamba maoni moja Microsoft's original utume alikuwa "kompyuta kila dawati na katika kila nyumba, kukimbia Microsoft software." <ref>{{cite news | url= http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/microsoft/archives/003469.html | title= The rest of the motto | date= 23 Septemba 2004 | accessdate= 2007-01-22 | publisher= [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]| first= Todd | last= Bishop | work= Todd Bishop's Microsoft Blog}}</ref> Microsoft asilimai footholds katika masoko mengine, pamoja na mali kama vile televisheni kabel [[MSNBC]] mtandao, [[MSN]] Internet portal, na multimedia [[Microsoft Encarta]] huru. Masoko wa kampuni pia bidhaa zote [[vifaa vya kompyuta]] kama [[Microsoft mouse]] vilevile bidhaa [[nyumbani burudani]] kama vile [[Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune]] na [[MSN TV]]. <ref name="2005annual"/> [[Awali]] wa kampuni [[sadaka hisa umma]] (IPO) ilikuwa mwaka 1986; ya ensuing kampuni kupanda bei ya hisa imefanya mabilionea nne na wastani wa mamilionea 12,000 kutoka kwa Microsoft wafanyakazi. <ref> Chapman, Merrill R., ''Katika kutafuta women: zaidi ya miaka 20 ya high-tech masoko majanga'' (2nd Edition), Apress, ISBN 1-59059-721-4.</ref> <ref name="stockrich">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/29/business/yourmoney/29millionaire.html?ex=1275019200&en=de3d71cbbb7e06f8&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss | title=The Microsoft Millionaires Come of Age | author= Julie Bick | date=2005-05-29 | publisher= [[The New York Times]] | accessdate=2006-07-03}}</ref> <ref name="MVP1">{{cite web | url=http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2005/06/13/somehow_usenet_lumbers_on/ | title=Somehow, Usenet lumbers on | author=Hiawatha Bray | date=2005-06-13 | accessdate=2006-07-03 | publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]}}<br />* {{cite web | url= http://mvp.support.microsoft.com/mvpfaqs | title= Microsoft Frequently Asked Questions | publisher = Microsoft (Most Valued Professional) | accessdate=2006-07-01}}</ref>


== Tanbihi ==
Katika historia ya kampuni yake imekuwa [[shabaha ya upinzani]], pamoja na biashara [[monopolistic]] mazoea na mikakati ya kupambana na ushindani ikiwa ni pamoja na [[kukataa kuhusika]] na tying. [[Justice Idara]] ya [[Marekani]] na [[Tume]] ya [[Ulaya]], miongoni mwa wengine, kuwa alitawala dhidi ya Microsoft [[Antitrust]] mbalimbali ipasavyo katika leo ukiukaji wa kisiasa na kiutamaduni ya hali ya hewa ya [[uchumi vikichanganywa]] na "[[maslahi ya umma ya jamii]]". <ref name="usvms"> {{cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/ms_index.htm |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |accessdate=5 Agosti 2005 }} hemsida katika [[Idara ya Marekani Justice]]</ref> <ref name="Europa">{{cite news|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/04/382|title=Commission concludes on Microsoft investigation, imposes conduct remedies and a fine|date=2004-03-24|publisher=Europa|accessdate=2009-05-30}}</ref> (Angalia pia v. Microsoft ya Marekani, Ulaya Microsoft ushindani kesi.)
{{Marejeo}}


== Historia ==
== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Main|History of Microsoft}}
{{see also|History of Microsoft Windows}}

=== 1975-1984: Founding ===
Kufuatia uzinduzi wa [[Altair 8800]], William Henry Gates III, (inayojulikana kama [[Bill Gates]]) inayoitwa watengenezaji wa [[microcomputer]] mpya, [[Micro Instrumentation na Telemetry Systems]] (MITS), sadaka kuonyesha ni utekelezaji wa [[programu BASIC lugha]] kwa ajili ya mfumo. Baada ya maandamano, MITS ilikubali kusambaza [[Altair BASIC]]. <ref name="keyevents">{{cite web |title=Information for Students: Key Events In Microsoft History |url=http://www.microsoft.com/about/companyinformation/visitorcenter/student.mspx |publisher=Microsoft Visitor Center Student Information |accessdate=1 Oktoba 2005 |format=doc}}</ref> Milango left [[Harvard University]], walihamia [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] ambako MITS mara ziko, na walianzisha Microsoft huko. Kampuni ya kwanza ya ofisi ya kimataifa kilianzishwa tarehe 1 Novemba 1978, katika Ujapani, wenye jina "[[ASCII]] Microsoft" (sasa huitwa "[[Microsoft Ujapani]]"). <ref name="keyevents"/> 1 Januari 1979, kampuni walihamia kutoka Albuquerque kwa nyumba mpya katika [[Bellevue, Washington]]. <ref name="keyevents"/> [[Steve Ballmer]] alijiunga na kampuni ya tarehe 11 Juni 1980, na baadaye walifanikiwa Bill Gates kama [[CEO]]. <ref name="keyevents"/>

Miongoni kabla IBM-PC bidhaa walikuwa programu paket TASC (The [[AppleSoft]] compiler), ambayo [[compiled]] mpango msingi katika mashine Apple lugha, na vifaa bidhaa [[Microsoft Softcard]], an add-on [[Z80]] processor kadi kwa Apple II na compatible kompyuta ambayo kuruhusiwa matumizi ya [[CP / M]] badala ya [[mfumo wa uendeshaji]] na [[Applesoft Apple DOS]]. Mwaka 1980, Microsoft iliingia mfumo wa uendeshaji biashara na version yake ya [[Unix]], iitwayo [[Xenix]], ambayo ni leseni kompyuta mbalimbali wachuuzi.

[[DOS]] (Disk Operating System) alikuwa mfumo wa uendeshaji wa kampuni yake ilileta kwanza mziki mafanikio. Tarehe 12 Agosti 1981, baada ya mazungumzo na [[Digital Utafiti]] wameshindwa, [[IBM]] tuzo ya mkataba wa Microsoft kutoa toleo la [[CP / M]] mfumo wa uendeshaji ambayo ilikuwa kuweka kutumika katika ujao [[IBM]] [[Personal Computer]] (PC). Kwa mpango huu, Microsoft kununuliwa a CP / M Clone iitwayo [[86-DOS]] kutoka [[Seattle Computer Products]], ambayo kwa renamed IBM [[PC-DOS]]. Baadaye, soko niliona gharika ya IBM PC clones baada [[Columbia Data Products]] cloned mafanikio ya IBM [[Bios]], na kwa uadui [[MS-DOS]] masoko kwa wazalishaji wa IBM-PC clones, Microsoft umeongezeka kutoka ndogo mchezaji mmoja wa wachuuzi Programu kubwa katika kompyuta sekta ya nyumbani. <ref name="Smart-Close">{{cite web |url=http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/r0304/09r04/09r04.asp&guid= |title=Booting Your PC: Getting Up Close & Personal With A Computer’s BIOS |publisher=Smart Computing |month=Novemba | year=1999 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref name="Smart-WhatBIOS">{{cite web |url=http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/1994/july94/pcn0713/pcn0713.asp&articleid=5360&guid= |title=What Is The BIOS? |month=Julai | year=1994 |publisher=Smart Computing |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref name="Lemley-BIOS">{{cite web |url=http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1151907,00.asp |title=Everything You Want or Need to Know About Your BIOS |publisher=Extreme Tech |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref name="Lemley-IP">{{cite book |last=Lemley |first=Mark |coauthors=Peter S. Menell and Robert P. Merges |title=Intellectual Property in the New Technological Age |chapter=Appendix B: Introduction to Computer Technology |publisher=Aspen Publishers | chapterurl= http://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/pubs/ipnta/appenb.pdf |format=PDF |isbn=0-7355-3652-X |year=2006 |location=New York | edition = 4th |accessdate=2006-09-02}}</ref> <ref name="Lexikon">{{cite web |url=http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/MSDOS-PCDOS.htm |title=MS DOS and PC DOS |work=Lexikon's History of Computing |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref name="Smart-DOSChoice">{{cite news |url=http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/1994/june94/pcn0608/pcn0608.asp&articleid=5103&guid= |title=When It Comes To DOS, You Now Have A Choice |publisher=Smart Computing |date=Juni 1994 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref name="Smart-Microsoft">{{cite news |url=http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/r0603/09r03/09r03.asp |title=Microsoft to Microsoft disk operating system (MS-DOS) |publisher=Smart Computing |date=Machi 2002 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Kampuni kupanua masoko ya ndani mpya na kutolewa ''Microsoft Mouse'' ya mwaka 1983, vilevile kama mgawanyiko kuchapisha aitwaye [[Microsoft Press.]] <ref name="keyevents"/>

=== 1985-1994: IPO, OS / 2 na Windows ===
Agosti 1985, Microsoft na IBM ushirikiano katika maendeleo ya mfumo wa uendeshaji tofauti inayoitwa [[OS / 2.]] &lt;ref name="Dubash">{{cite web |author=Manek Dubash |title=Techworld Article:OS/2 users must look elsewhere |work=Techworld |publisher=[[IDG]] |url=http://www.techworld.com/applications/features/index.cfm?featureid=1603&amp;Page=1&amp;pagePos=5 |date=2005-07-19 |accessdate=2005-07-05}}&lt;/ref> Tarehe 20 Novemba 1985, Microsoft iliyotolewa rejareja wake wa kwanza wa toleo [[Microsoft Windows,]] originally a graphical ugani kwa wake kuendesha MS-DOS mfumo. &lt;ref name="keyevents"/> Tarehe 13 Machi 1986 na kampuni akaenda kwa umma [[sadaka]] ya [[awali ya umma (IPO),]] na sadaka mapya ya awali bei ya $ 21.00 na kuishia katika siku ya kwanza ya biashara kama saa US $ 28.00. Det ensuing kupanda bei ya hisa imefanya mabilionea nne na wastani wa mamilionea 12,000 kutoka kwa Microsoft wafanyakazi. &lt;ref name="stockrich"/> &lt;ref name="Chapman"> Chapman, Merrill R., ''Katika kutafuta women: zaidi ya miaka 20 ya high-tech masoko majanga'' (2nd Edition), Apress, ISBN 1-59059-721-4.&lt;/ref> &lt;ref name="MVP2">{{cite web |url=http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2005/06/13/somehow_usenet_lumbers_on/ |title=Somehow, Usenet lumbers on |author=Hiawatha Bray |date=2005-06-13 |accessdate=2008-08-18 |publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]}}&lt;br />[53]&lt;/ref>
Mwaka 1987, Microsoft hatimaye albamu yao ya kwanza ya toleo la OS / 2 hadi [[OEMs.]] &lt;ref name="MSJ-index"> {{cite web |title=Microsoft Systems Journal — 1986–1994 Index |publisher=Microsoft |url=http://www.microsoft.com/msj/backissues86.aspx |accessdate=2008-08-18}} Angalia Mei 1987 releases.&lt;/ref>

==== IPO ====
Microsoft's [[Initial Public Sadaka]] ilitokea 14 Machi 1986. Akiba closed at $ 27.75 per share baada en topp saa 29.25 $ muda mfupi baada ya ufunguzi. Microsoft's wawili waanzilishi, Gates na Allen, walikuwa alifanya Instant mamilionea. Milango inayomilikiwa 45% ya kampuni ya hisa 24.7 milioni bora na Allen mellan 25%. &lt;ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/microsoft/archives/102018.asp|title=Looking back: Microsoft IPO, March 1986|last=Bishop|first=Todd|date=2006-03-16|publisher=The Microsoft Blog|accessdate=2009-05-30}}&lt;/ref> Gates 'hisa hiyo ilikuwa $ 234 milioni na Microsoft's jumla-thamani $ 520million ($ {{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|520000000|1986}}}} katika siku sasa suala {{Inflation-fn|US}} wakati huo. &lt;ref> [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/7.09/trillionaire.html Wired 7.09: The World's First Trillionaire]&lt;/ref>

==== Post-IPO ====
[[Picha:Microsoft sign closeup.jpg|left|thumb|Ishara kuu katika mlango wa Microsoft ushirika kampasi. Microsoft kampasi ya Redmond leo inajumuisha zaidi ya 750.000 m² (approx. miguu mraba milioni 8) na zaidi ya 30,000 wafanyakazi. &lt;ref name="SPI-MSexpansion"/>]]

Mwaka 1989, Microsoft ilianzisha [[ofisi]] yake centralt Suite, [[Microsoft Office]]. Programu kutunza ofisi tofauti tija maombi, kama [[Microsoft Word]] na [[Microsoft Excel]]. &lt;ref name="keyevents"/> Tarehe 22 Mei 1990 Microsoft [[Windows]] lanserade [[3.0]]. &lt;ref name="MSPR-Win3">{{cite press release |title=Windows 3.0 is Here |format=PDF |publisher=Microsoft |url=http://www.windows-now.com/cfs-filesystemfile.ashx/__key/CommunityServer.Components.PostAttachments/00.00.02.10.92/Microsoft.PressReleases.Windows3.pdf |year=1990 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}&lt;/ref> Programme mpya ya mfumo wa uendeshaji Microsoft's boasted kama makala mpya kama harmoniserad [[user interface]] graphics na kuboresha uwezo [[mode zinalindwa]] kwa [[Intel 386]] processor; ni kuuzwa juu nakala 100.000 katika wiki mbili. &lt;ref name="MS-WinHistory">{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/WinHistoryDesktop.mspx |title=Windows History |publisher=Microsoft |date=2002-06-30 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}&lt;/ref> Madirisha wakati generated mapato zaidi kwa ajili ya Microsoft kuliko OS / 2, na kampuni iliamua kusonga rasilimali zaidi kutoka OS / 2 to Windows. &lt;ref name="OS/2 history">{{cite web |author=David Both |url=http://www.os2bbs.com/os2news/OS2History.html |title=OS/2 History |publisher=OS/2 VOICE |accessdate=2008-08-18}}&lt;/ref> Katika miaka ensuing, na umaarufu wa OS / 2 ulipungua, na Windows haraka akawa favored PC jukwaa.

Katika kipindi cha mpito kutoka MS-DOS to Windows, mafanikio ya Microsoft Office kuruhusiwa kampuni kupata ardhini juu ya maombi-software washindani, kama [[WordPerfect]] na [[Lotus 1-2-3]]. &lt;ref name="thocp2">{{cite web |title=Microsoft Company 15 Spetemba 1975 |publisher=The History of Computing Project |url=http://www.thocp.net/companies/microsoft/microsoft_company_part2.htm |accessdate=11 Agosti 2005 }}&lt;/ref> &lt;ref name="Masters">{{cite web |url=http://www.vnunet.com/computing/analysis/2073923/behind-pearly-gates |author=Steve Masters|publisher=[[VNU]] Business Publications |date=1998-02-13 |title=Behind the Pearly Gates |accessdate=2008-08-18|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070927195247/http://www.vnunet.com/computing/analysis/2073923/behind-pearly-gates|archivedate=2007-09-27}}&lt;/ref> Kulingana [[na Register,]] Novell, ni mmiliki wa WordPerfect kwa muda, alidai kuwa Microsoft alitumia ujuzi wake wa ndani na Windows DOS kernels na undocumented [[Application Programming Interface]] Ofisi features kufanya kazi bora kuliko washindani wake. &lt;ref name="Orlowski2004-11-16">{{cite web |author=Andrew Orlowski |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/11/16/novell_microsoft_wordperfect_analysis/ |title=Novell's MS complaint: we wuz robbed |work=[[The Register]] |publisher=Situation Publishing Ltd |date=2004-11-16 |accessdate=2006-07-04}}&lt;/ref> Hatimaye, Microsoft Office akawa dominerande Suite biashara, na marknadsandel mbali mno kuwa washindani wake. &lt;ref name="McCracken">{{cite news |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/18462/a_peek_at_office_upgrade.html |title=A Peek at Office Upgrade |publisher=PCWorld.com |date=2000-09-13 |last=McCracken |first=Harry |accessdate=2006-07-04}}&lt;/ref>

Mwaka 1993, iliyotolewa Microsoft [[Windows NT 3.1]], mfumo wa uendeshaji biashara na Windows 3.1 user interface lakini kernel tofauti kabisa. &lt;ref name="thocp2"/>

=== 1995-2005: internet na masuala ya kisheria ===
Mwaka 1995, iliyotolewa Microsoft [[Windows 95]], toleo mpya wa kampuni centralt mfumo wa uendeshaji ambayo featured a completely new user interface, pamoja na riwaya [[kuanza button;]] zaidi ya milioni nakala za Microsoft Windows 95 walikuwa kuuzwa katika siku nne za kwanza baada ya kutolewa . <ref name="thocp2"/> Pia kampuni yake iliyotolewa [[web browser, Internet Explorer,]] pamoja na Windows 95 Plus! Ufungashaji cha mwezi Agosti 1995 na baadae Windows versions. <ref name="Hardmeier">{{cite web|author=Sandi Hardmeier |date=2005-08-25 |url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/community/columns/historyofie.mspx|publisher=Microsoft|title=Microsoft – The History of Internet Explorer|accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref>

Juu, 26 Mei 1995, kufuatia Bill Gates's intern "internet Tidal Mganda memo", <ref> Gates, Bill - [http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/exhibits/20.pdf Internet Tidal Mganda.] Microsoft, 26 Mei 1995. Made hadharani inapatikana katika Marekani Idara ya Haki. V. Marekani Microsoft kesi Exhibits.</ref> Microsoft alianza redefine sadaka yake na kupanua bidhaa zake linje katika [[mtandao wa kompyuta]] ing na [[World Wide Web.]] Tarehe 24 Agosti 1995, ni kubwa [[online]] kilizindua [[huduma, MSN]] (Microsoft Network), kama moja ya [[AOL]] mshindani. MSN akawa mwamvuli huduma kwa Microsoft's online huduma. <ref name="keyevents"/> <ref name="thocp2"/> <ref name="MSN-Timeline">{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2002/nov02/11-08MSN8GlobalTimeLine.mspx |title=MSN Historical Timeline: A brief history of milestone events in the life of MSN from the past ten years |publisher=Microsoft |month=Juni | year=2005 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Kampuni iliendelea tawi nje kwenye masoko mapya katika 1996, mapya kwa ubia na [[NBC]] kuunda mpya 24 / 7 kabel habari kituo, [[MSNBC]]. <ref name="thocp2"/> <ref name="APM-NewsArchives">{{cite web |url=http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/1996/07/15_mpp.html |title=Marketplace: News Archives|date=15 Julai 1996 |publisher=American Public Media |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Microsoft iliingia digital msaidizi binafsi (PDA) katika soko na Novemba [[Windows CE 1.0]], a new kujengwa-kutoka-scratch Programme centralt yao ya mfumo wa uendeshaji, hasa iliyoundwa kukimbia juu chini kumbukumbu, utendaji wa mashine ya chini, kama vile Handhelds na mengine ndogo ya kompyuta. <ref name="cehistory">{{cite web |url=http://www.hpcfactor.com/support/windowsce/ |title=The History of Microsoft Windows CS |publisher=HPC:Factor |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka 1997, [[Internet Explorer 4.0]] ilitolewa kwa wote [[Mac OS]] na Windows, kuashiria mwanzo wa förvärv wa soko browser kutoka Rival [[Netscape]]. Katika Oktoba, Idara Justice filed a msukumo katika [[Mahakama ya Wilaya]] ya Shirikisho ambayo wao alisema kuwa Microsoft alikuwa vunja mkataba uliosainiwa mwaka 1994, na akaomba mahakama kusitisha bundling ya Internet Explorer pamoja Windows. <ref name="keyevents"/>

Mwaka 1998 ilikuwa muhimu katika historia ya Microsoft, Bill Gates na kumteua [[Steve Ballmer]] kama rais wa Microsoft lakini waliobakia kama Mwenyekiti na CEO mwenyewe. <ref name="keyevents"/> Kampuni iliyotolewa [[Windows 98]], an update to Windows 95 ambayo ilihusisha idadi ya internet-ililenga features na msaada kwa aina mpya ya vifaa. <ref name="keyevents"/> Tarehe 3 Aprili 2000, hukumu ilikuwa vikitumiwa katika kesi ya [[Marekani v. Microsoft,]] <ref name="usvms"/> wito wa kampuni ya "matusi monopol" <ref name="findingsoffact"/> na kulazimisha kampuni ya umegawanyika katika vitengo viwili tofauti. Sehemu ya kupindua tawala baadaye rufaa kwa shirikisho mahakamani, na hatimaye makazi na Idara ya Haki za Marekani mwaka 2001.

Mwaka 2001, iliyotolewa Microsoft [[Windows XP]], toleo la kwanza kuwa na sifa za encompassed wawili biashara zake na nyumbani bidhaa mistari. Kabla ilitolewa XP, Microsoft alikuwa kudumisha wawili wa [[NT]] na [[9x]] codebase. XP ilianzisha [[graphical]] mpya [[user interface]], wa kwanza tangu Windows mabadiliko kama 95. <ref name="keyevents"/> <ref name="MS-XPProFeatures">{{cite web |date=2004-08-25 |url=http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/evaluation/features.mspx |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070818081834/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/evaluation/features.mspx |archivedate=2007-08-18 |title=Windows XP Professional Features |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa mwaka 2001, pamoja na kutolewa katika [[Xbox]], Microsoft iliingia vingi dola bilioni [[mchezo]] soko [[console]] inaongozwa kwa [[Sony]] na [[Nintendo]]. <ref name="keyevents"/> Microsoft wamekutana oron Machi 2004 wakati Antitrust hatua za kisheria dhidi yake aliletwa na [[Umoja]] wa [[Ulaya]] kwa sasa abusing wake kutawaliwa na mfumo wa uendeshaji Windows (tazama [[Ulaya Microsoft Antitrust kesi),]] hatimaye kusababisha hukumu ya kuzalisha matoleo yake mpya Windows XP jukwaa-inayoitwa Windows XP Home Edition N na Windows XP Professional N-kwamba hakuwa pamoja sina [[Windows Media Player]], vilevile faini ya € 497 million ($ 613 milioni). <ref name="CNN-MSfine">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/BUSINESS/03/24/microsoft.eu/ |title=Microsoft hit by record EU fine |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=2004-03-25 |accessdate=2006-05-19}}</ref> <ref name="euantitrust"> {{cite web |title=Commission Decision of 24.03.2004 relating to a proceeding under Article 82 of the EC Treaty (Case COMP/C-3/37.792 Microsoft) |publisher=Commission of the European Communities |url=http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/antitrust/cases/decisions/37792/en.pdf |date=2004-04-21 |accessdate=5 Agosti 2005 |format=[[PDF]]}} (kutoka EU rasmi website)</ref>

=== 2006-hadi leo: Vista na mengine transitions ===
[[Picha:Microsoft Sign on German campus.jpg|thumb|right|Maingilio ishara ya Microsoft saa wa Kijerumani Campus.]]
27 Juni 2008, Bill Gates alistaafu kutoka siku hadi siku shughuli katika kampuni, kufuatia kipindi cha mpito mwaka wawili kutoka jukumu lake kama Chief [[Software Hunting]], ambayo ilikuwa zilizochukuliwa na [[Ray Ozzie]], lakini alibakia mwenyekiti wa kampuni, mkuu wa Bodi ya Wakurugenzi na ingekuwa kazi kama mshauri muhimu miradi. <ref name="MSPR-GatesTransition">{{cite press release |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx |title=Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates |publisher=Microsoft |date=2006-06-15|accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> [[Windows Vista,]] iliyotolewa Januari 2007, alikuwa Microsoft's latest mfumo wa uendeshaji na alikuwa na kuuzwa nakala milioni 300 Desemba 2008. <ref>{{citeweb|title=Who’s Using Vista?|url=http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/vista-enterprise-desktop/2008/12/|publisher=Techtarget.com|accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref> [[Microsoft Office]] 2007, iliyotolewa wakati huo huo, makala ya "[[Ribbon]]" user interface ambayo ni muhimu kuondoka kutoka watangulizi wake. Relativt nguvu zote kwa mauzo ya vyeo kusaidiwa ili kuzalisha faida rekodi mwaka 2007. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/microsoft/Vista-gives-Microsoft-view-of.3280536.jp|title=Vista gives Microsoft view of record profit|publisher=Edinburgh Evening News|accessdate=2009-02-01}}</ref>


On 1 Februari 2008, Microsoft alifanya jitihada ya kununua unsolicited internet huduma mshindani [[Yahoo!]] Kwa hadi $ 44.6 bilioni, <ref> [http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/djf500/200802011107DOWJONESDJONLINE000664_FORTUNE5.htm 5 UPDATE: Microsoft Offers kununua Yahoo Kwa $ 44.6 Billion]</ref> ingawa hii kutoa ilikataliwa 10 Februari. On 3 Mei 2008, Microsoft alikwenda kutoa zao. <ref name="msft_withdrawl">{{citeweb|title=Microsoft Withdraws Proposal to Acquire Yahoo!|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2008/may08/05-03letter.mspx|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref>

Microsoft ilitangaza tarehe 21 Februari 2008 kwamba itakuwa kubadilishana habari kuhusu bidhaa zake na teknolojia ya kufanya kuwa rahisi kwa watengenezaji kuunda software ambayo inafanya kazi pamoja na bidhaa zake. <ref> [http://www.businessrover.com/news/microsoft_offers_to_share_some_s/ Microsoft inatoa kushirikisha baadhi ya siri]</ref> na kufuatiwa kwamba up kwa kutoa habari hizo. <ref> [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2008/apr08/04-08ProtocolPR.mspx Microsoft hadharani Posts Additional Itifaki Documentation]</ref> Hata hivyo, Umoja wa Ulaya iliendelea kuonyesha kutoridhika wake na kampuni kwa ajili ya ukosefu wake wa efterlevnad na Machi 2004 hukumu na hatimaye, tarehe 27 Februari 2008 faini ya kutokujua € 899 million ($ 1.4 bilioni), basi faini kubwa katika historia EU ushindani wa sera. <ref name="msft_eufine_2008">{{citeweb|title=AFP:EU hits Microsoft with record 899 million euro antitrust fine|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iozBXlp2nzuVxnMx_SwmtKvi7C-w|publisher="[[Agence France-Presse]]"|accessdate=2008-06-01|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070609092458/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iozBXlp2nzuVxnMx_SwmtKvi7C-w|archivedate=2007-06-09}}</ref>

Januari 2009 katika ripoti yake ya kifedha matokeo, Microsoft alitangaza Layoffs ya hadi 5000 wafanyakazi katika kukabiliana na kupunguza shughuli za kiuchumi kutokana na [[mgogoro wa kifedha]] unaoendelea. <ref name="msft_2009_layoffs">{{citeweb|title=Microsoft Reports Second-Quarter Results | url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2009/jan09/01-22fy09Q2earnings.mspx|accessdate=2009-01-23}}</ref>

Tarehe 12 Februari 2009, Microsoft alitangaza nia yake ya kufungua mnyororo ndogo ya Microsoft-asili maduka ya rejareja. Daudi Porter, mtendaji wa zamani saa [[Wal-Mart]] na [[DreamWorks]], alikuwa mmoja aitwaye makampuni makamu wa rais wa Stores Retail. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2009/feb09/02-12CVPRetailStoresPR.mspx |title=Microsoft Appoints David Porter as Corporate Vice President of Retail Stores |accessdate=2009-02-13}}</ref> <ref> [http://blog.marketingdoctor.tv/2009/02/14/brand-winners-and-losers-microsoft-and-peanut-corp.aspx "" The Marketing Daktari anasema: Brand Washindi ... Na khasiri: Microsoft na Peanut Corp "] Daktari Marketing Blog. 14 Februari 2009.</ref> 22 Oktoba 2009 [[Microsoft Store]] rejareja kwanza wazi katika [[Scottsdale, Arizona]].

[[NBC Universal]] na Microsoft Corporation wameungana katika jitihada kuuza NBC Universal's matangazo na matangazo kabel kutumia Admira, programu giant's automatiska kupanga na kununua zana. <ref> [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/nbc-universal-microsoft-in-ad-alliance-2009061810200 NBC Universal, Microsoft katika Ad Alliance,] ''MarketWatch,'' 18 Juni 2009</ref>

== Bidhaa divisions ==
Kuwa sahihi zaidi katika kufuatilia utendaji wa kila kitengo na delegating uwajibikaji, Microsoft reorganized ndani ya biashara ya msingi makundi saba-kila chombo huru kifedha enheten-in Aprili 2002. Baadaye, tarehe 20 Septemba 2005, Microsoft ilitangaza rationalization wa biashara yake ya awali makundi saba katika mgawanyiko msingi tatu ambazo zipo leo: madirisha Mteja, MSN na Server na makundi Tool walikuwa sammanslagna ndani ya ''Microsoft Platform Products and Services Division;'' ya Habari mfanyakazi na Microsoft Business Solutions makundi walikuwa sammanslagna ndani ya ''Microsoft Business Division;'' na [[Mkono na Wikipedia Devices]] na makundi ya Mwanzo na Burudani walikuwa sammanslagna ndani ya ''Microsoft Burudani na Kitengo Devices.'' <ref name="MS-Commitment">{{cite web |title=Our Commitment to Our Customers: Microsoft's Business|url=http://www.microsoft.com/About/CompanyInformation/ourbusinesses/business.mspx |publisher=Microsoft |date=2005-09-20 |accessdate=2007-03-31 }}</ref> <ref name="MSPR-AllchinRetire">{{cite press release |title=Microsoft Realigns for Next Wave of Innovation and Growth: CEO Ballmer appoints presidents of three core divisions; Allchin announces retirement plan |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2005/sep05/09-20ExecChangesPR.mspx |date=2005-09-20 |accessdate=26 Septemba 22005|publisher=Microsoft |accessyear=2005 }}</ref>

=== Jukwaa Products and Services Division ===
[[Picha:Microsoft_Windows_wordmark.svg|thumb|Alama ya sasa ya Microsoft Windows, kampuni's signature bidhaa.]]

Mgawanyiko huu inazalisha Microsoft's centralt bidhaa, Windows uendeshaji wa mfumo. Imekuwa zinazozalishwa katika matoleo mengi, ikiwa ni pamoja [[Windows]] 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows Me, Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 na [[Windows]] 7. [[IBM compatible]] karibu wote kuja na [[kompyuta binafsi]] Windows preinstalled. Desktop ya sasa ni toleo la Windows Windows 7. Den online service [[MSN]], kabel televisheni ya [[MSNBC]] na Microsoft online magazine ''Slate'' wote ni sehemu ya mgawanyiko huu. ''(Slate'' mara unaopatikana by ''[[The Washington Post]]'' tarehe 21 Desemba 2004.) Mwishoni mwa 1997, alipewa Microsoft [[Hotmail]], maarufu zaidi [[webmail]] huduma, ambayo rebranded kama "MSN Hotmail." Katika 1999, Microsoft ilianzisha [[MSN Messenger]], an [[snabbmeddelanden]] mteja, ili kushindana na [[Instant]] popular [[AOL]] Mtume. Pamoja na Windows Vista, MSN Messenger akawa [[Windows Live Mtume]]. <ref name="2005annual"/>


[[Microsoft Visual Studio]] ni kampuni ya seti ya zana na programu [[compilers]]. Programu bidhaa ni GUI-oriented na viungo kwa urahisi na [[Windows API]] s. Programme ya sasa ni [[Visual Studio 2008.]] Uliopita version, [[Visual Studio 2005]] ilikuwa kubwa uboreshaji juu yake aliyemtangulia, Visual Studio.Net 2003, aitwaye baada ya. NET mpango, mpango wa masoko ya Microsoft kifuniko idadi ya teknolojia. Microsoft's ufafanuzi wa. NET inaendelea kufuka. Kama ya 2004,. NET inalenga kurahisisha maendeleo ya Microsoft Windows makao maombi kuwa matumizi ya internet, kwa utplaceringen Microsoft mpya mfumo wa mawasiliano, ''Indigo'' (sasa renamed [[Windows Mawasiliano Foundation]]). Hii ni nia ya kushughulikia baadhi ya masuala awali ilianzisha by Microsoft's DLL design, ambayo ni vigumu, hata haiwezekani katika baadhi ya hali, kusimamia, kufunga multiple versions wa [[programu]] tata [[paket]] juu ya mfumo huo (angalia [[DLL-kuzimu),]] na kutoa zaidi jukwaa maendeleo thabiti kwa wote Windows maombi (se [[Common Language Miundombinu).]] Aidha, Kampuni ilianzisha kuweka mipango ya vyeti kutambua watu ambao wana utaalam katika programu na ufumbuzi wake. Sawa sadaka kutoka [[Cisco, Sun Microsystems, Novell, IBM,]] na [[Oracle Corporation,]] hizi zimeundwa vipimo kubaini ni ndogo seti ya proficiencies katika jukumu maalum; hii inajumuisha watengenezaji ( "[[Microsoft Certified Solution Developer]]"), mfumo / mtandao wachambuzi ( "Microsoft Certified [[Systems Engineer]]"), wakufunzi ( "Microsoft [[Certified Wakufunzi]]") na watendaji ( "Microsoft Certified [[Systems Administrator]]" na "Microsoft Certified [[Database Administrator]]"). <ref name="2005annual"/>

Microsoft hutoa Suite wa [[server]] software, wenye jina [[Windows Server System]]. [[Windows Server]] ya mfumo wa uendeshaji kwa mtandao servrar ni msingi wa mfumo wa Windows Server line. [[Management Systems Server]] ya bidhaa ni mkusanyiko wa zana kutoa kijijini-control uwezo, kiraka usimamizi, software usambazaji na vifaa / software inventering. Other server bidhaa pamoja na:

* [[Microsoft SQL Server]], en [[Kiuhusiano]] mfumo wa usimamizi [[Mbegu]];
* [[Microsoft Exchange Server]], kwa baadhi ya biashara-oriented [[e-mail]] na Scheduling features;
* [[Small Business Server]], kwa ujumbe na mengine ya biashara ndogo-oriented features; na
* [[Microsoft BizTalk Server]], kwa [[usimamizi wa mchakato wa biashara]]. <ref name="2005annual"/>

=== Business Division ===
[[Picha:Microsoft building 17 front door.jpg|thumb|left|Mlango wa mbele ya jengo tarehe 17 kampasi kuu ya kampuni Redmond kampasi.]]

Divisheni ya Biashara ya Microsoft inazalisha [[Microsoft Office]], ambayo ni kampuni mstari wa ofisi ya kompyuta. Bidhaa inajumuisha programu [[Neno]] (neno processor), [[Access]] (database Kiuhusiano binafsi maombi), [[Excel]] (a [[spreadsheet]] mpango), [[Outlook]] (Windows [[groupware]] tu, mara nyingi hutumika kwa [[Exchange Server]]), [[PowerPoint]] (presentation software), na [[Publisher]] ( [[desktop publishing software]]). A idadi ya bidhaa nyingine ziliongezwa baadaye na kutolewa wa Ofisi 2003 pamoja Visio, Project, MapPoint, [[InfoPath]] na [[OneNote]]. <ref name="2005annual"/>

Utvecklar pia mgawanyiko wa fedha na usimamizi wa biashara kwa makampuni ya software. Bidhaa hizi ni pamoja na bidhaa zinazozalishwa na zamani Business Solutions Group, ambayo iliundwa Aprili 2001 na [[Mkuu]] wa kununua [[Plains]]. Hatimaye, [[Navision]] mara unaopatikana kutoa sawa kuingia soko la Ulaya, kusababisha iliyopangwa kutolewa ya [[Microsoft Dynamics nav]] mwaka 2006. Kundi masoko [[Axapta]] na Suleiman, upishi na masoko yanayofanana, ambayo imepangwa kuwa pamoja na Plains Navision na Mkuu mistari kwenye jukwaa la kawaida inayoitwa [[Microsoft Dynamics]]. <ref name="2005annual"/>

=== Burudani na Kitengo Devices ===
[[Picha:Xbox 360.png|thumb|right|The Xbox 360, Microsoft mfumo wa pili katika console Gaming soko.]]

Akajaribu Microsoft ina kupanua Windows brand katika masoko mengine mengi, pamoja na bidhaa kama vile [[Windows CE]] kwa [[PDAs]] na wake "Windows-powered" Smartphone bidhaa. Microsoft awali simu soko iliingia kupitia Windows CE kwa [[kifaa handheld]] s, ambayo leo ina maendeleo ndani [[Windows Mkono]] 6. Mwelekeo wa mfumo wa uendeshaji ni juu ya vifaa ambapo OS inaweza kuonekana si moja kwa moja hadi mwisho user, hususan, apparater na magari.

Kampuni inazalisha [[MSN TV]], zamani [[WebTV]], makao ya televisheni [[internet Appliance.]] Microsoft kutumiwa kuuza seti-top [[Digital Video Recorder]] (DVR) iitwayo [[UltimateTV]], ambayo rekodi kuruhusiwa watumiaji hadi masaa 35 kutoka programu televisheni [[moja]] kwa [[moja hadi nyumbani]] mtoa [[DirecTV satellite televisheni]]. Hii ilikuwa kuu ushindani katika UK kwa [[Sky British Broadcasting]] 's (BSkyB) SKY + huduma, inayomilikiwa na [[Rupert Murdoch.]] UltimateTV tangu imekuwa imekoma, pamoja DirecTV badala opting kwa soko DVRs kutoka [[TiVo]] Inc kabla baadaye byte [[DVR]] yao wenyewe brand. <ref name="2005annual"/>

Microsoft anauza [[kompyuta michezo]] kuwa kukimbia tarehe Windows persondatorer, pamoja na vyeo kama vile ''[[Age of Empires, Halo]]'' na ''[[Microsoft Flight Simulator]]'' mfululizo. Ni inazalisha mstari wa [[kazi]] s [[akimaanisha]] kuwa ni pamoja na [[huru]] s [[atlases]], chini ya jina ''[[Encarta]]''. [[Eneo la Microsoft]] majeshi free premium na reja michezo ambapo wachezaji wanaweza kushindana dhidi ya kila mmoja na katika mashindano mengine.

Microsoft iliingia vingi dola bilioni [[mchezo]] soko [[console]] inaongozwa kwa [[Sony]] na [[Nintendo]] mwishoni mwa mwaka 2001, <ref name="BizWire-2001Ent">{{cite web |title=NPD Reports Annual 2001 U.S. Interactive Entertainment Sales Shatter Industry Record |publisher=Business Wire |date=7 Februari 2002 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2002_Feb_7/ai_82604922 |accessdate=2007-03-31|archiveurl=http://archive.is/8HEn|archivedate=2012-05-26}}</ref> pamoja na kutolewa katika [[Xbox]]. Kampuni inachapisha huendeleza na michezo ya video yake mwenyewe console hii, kwa msaada wa [[michezo]] yake ya [[Microsoft Studios]] dotterbolag, kwa kuongeza [[tatu]] Xbox [[video game mchapishaji]] s kama vile [[Electronic Sanaa]] na [[Activision]], ambaye kulipa ada ya leseni ya kuchapisha michezo kwa mfumo. The Xbox pia ina mwandamizi katika [[Xbox 360,]] iliyotolewa tarehe 22 Novemba 2005 katika Amerika Kaskazini na nchi nyingine. <ref name="Wolfe">{{cite web |author=Alexander Wolfe |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/management/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=174401045 |work=Information Week |publisher=[[CMP Media]] |title=Midnight Madness Hypes Xbox 360 Launch |date=22 Novemba 2005 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref name="BBC-Xbox360">{{cite web |date=2 Desemba 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4491804.stm |title=Xbox 360 sells out within hours |publisher=[[BBC]] |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Na [[Xbox 360,]] Microsoft inatarajia fidia kwa hasara wakastahiki na Xbox awali. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya maamuzi Microsoft alifanya kufikiriwa utata katika video [[Gaming jamii,]] kama vile ikitoa ya console na high [[kushindwa viwango,]] kuuza matoleo mawili tofauti ya mfumo, moja bila [[disk ngumu kuendesha]] na kutoa mdogo [[kompatibilitet nyuma]] Xbox fulani tu majina. <ref name="Thorsen-360play">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6139702.html |title=360 to play 200-plus Xbox games |author=Tor Thorsen |publisher=GameSpot |date=2005-11-11 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref name="Thorsen-360compat">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6140998.html |title=360 backward-compatibility update rereleased |author=Tor Thorsen |publisher=GameSpot |date=2005-12-09 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref>

Kwa kuongeza katika mstari wa bidhaa Xbox, Microsoft masoko pia idadi ya kompyuta mengine yanayohusiana na vifaa bidhaa kama kisima, pamoja mice, KEYBOARDS, [[joystick]] s, na [[gamepad]] s, pamoja na [[mchezo]] mwingine [[mtawala]] s, uzalishaji wa ambayo ni outsourced katika wengi fall. Kama 15 Novemba 2007, Microsoft alitangaza ya ununuzi wa Musiwave, [[Openwave]] 's Mkono Simu music mauzo ya biashara. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.musiwave.net/MW_press_release_details.php?idrelease=87 |title=Musiwave acquisition |date=2007-11-15 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref>

== Athari za kiuchumi ==
Mmoja wa [[Bill Gates]] 'ufunguo maono kwa kampuni ilikuwa na "workstation kupata programu zetu kwenye mbio kila dawati na hatimaye katika kila nyumbani." <ref name="findingsoffact">{{cite web |author=Thomas Penfield Jackson, U.S. District Judge |url=http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/f3800/msjudgex.htm |title=U.S. vs. Microsoft findings of fact |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=1999-11-05 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref> Quote from ComputerWorld 1985 (7 / 22); kuna bado ni kama hakuna kumbukumbu matumizi ya kauli ya maono haya kabla ya 1985. Milango aliandika katika ''The Road Ahead kwamba alikuwa 'kuongozwa na imani kwamba ingekuwa kompyuta chombo muhimu katika kila ofisi desktop na katika kila nyumbani'.'' </ref> <ref name="Bishop2004-09-23">{{cite news |url=http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/microsoft/archives/003469.html |title=The rest of the motto |date=23 Septemba 2004 |accessdate=2008-08-18 |publisher=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|first=Todd |last=Bishop |work=Todd Bishop's Microsoft Blog}}</ref>

Microsoft has footholds katika masoko mengine badala ya mifumo ya uendeshaji na ofisi Suites, pamoja na mali kama vile televisheni kabel [[MSNBC]] mtandao, [[MSN]] Web portal, na multimedia [[Microsoft Encarta]] huru. Masoko wa kampuni pia bidhaa zote [[vifaa vya kompyuta]] kama [[Microsoft kipanya]] na [[nyumbani]] bidhaa za [[burudani]] kama vile [[Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune]] na [[MSN TV.]] <ref name="2005annual"/>

== User utamaduni ==
Kiufundi rejea kwa watengenezaji na makala mbalimbali kama magazeti Microsoft ''Microsoft Systems Journal'' (au MSJ) ni inapatikana kwa njia ya [[Microsoft Developer Network]] (MSDN). Abonnemang MSDN pia inatoa kwa makampuni na watu binafsi, na kwa kawaida abonnemang ghali zaidi kutoa huduma ya kabla ya kutolewa beta versions wa Microsoft software. <ref name="MSDN-SubscribeFAQ">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ms123402.aspx?missingurl=%2fsubscriptions%2ffaq%2fdefault.aspx |publisher=Microsoft|title=MSDN Subscription FAQ |accessdate=2006-07-03}}</ref> <ref name="MSJ-home">{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/msj/ |title=Microsoft Systems Journal Homepage |publisher=Microsoft|date=15 Aprili 2004 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Mwaka miaka hivi karibuni, Microsoft ilizindua tovuti ya jamii kwa watengenezaji na watumiaji, yenye jina [[Channel9]] ambayo hutoa huduma nyingi features kisasa kama [[wiki]] na [[internet forum.]] <ref name="Hobson">{{cite web |author=Neville Hobson |url=http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2005/04/11/microsofts-channel-and-cultural-rules |title=Microsoft's Channel 9 And Cultural Rules |work=WebProNews |publisher=[[iEntry Inc]] |date=2005-04-11 |accessdate=2006-07-03}}</ref> Tovuti ya jamii nyingine ambayo hutoa kila siku [[videocast]] s na huduma nyingine, ''On10.net,'' uliozinduliwa tarehe 3 Machi 2006. <ref name="On10-home">{{cite web |url=http://www.On10.net |title=On10.net homepage |accessdate=2006-05-04}}</ref>

Wengi bure msaada wa kiufundi inapatikana kwa njia ya Microsoft hutolewa kupitia online [[Usenet]] newsgroups (katika siku ya kwanza ilikuwa pia ilitoa tarehe [[CompuServe]]). Kuna mambo kadhaa ya hizi newsgroups kwa karibu kila bidhaa Microsoft hutoa, na mara nyingi wao ni Microsoft kufuatiliwa na wafanyakazi. Watu ambao ni msaada juu ya newsgroups wanaweza kuchaguliwa na wengine Microsoft wafanyakazi wenzao au kwa [[muhimu sana ya Microsoft Professional]] (MVP) kwa sasa, ambayo entitles watu kwa aina ya pekee ya kijamii kwa sasa, kwa kuongeza uwezekano wa tuzo na faida nyingine. <ref name="MVP">{{cite web | url=http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2005/06/13/somehow_usenet_lumbers_on/ | title=Somehow, Usenet lumbers on | author=Hiawatha Bray | date=2005-06-13 | accessdate=2006-07-03 | publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]}}<br />* {{cite web | url= http://mvp.support.microsoft.com/mvpfaqs | title= Microsoft Frequently Asked Questions | publisher = Microsoft (Most Valued Professional) | accessdate=2006-07-01}}</ref>

== Corporate masuala ==
=== Corporate muundo ===

Kampuni inaendeshwa na Bodi ya Wakurugenzi likijumuisha watu kumi, linaloundwa na kampuni ya zaidi nje (kama ni kimila kwa makampuni [[kufanyiwa biashara hadharani]]). Hali kwa wajumbe wa [[bodi ya wakurugenzi]] ni: [[Steve Ballmer]], [[James Fedha]], Jr [[Dina Dublon]], [[Bill Gates]], [[Raymond Gilmartin]], [[Reed Hastings]], [[Daudi Marquardt]], [[Charles Noski]], [[Helmut Panke]], na [[Jon Shirley]]. <ref name="MSPR-Board">{{cite press release |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/bod/bod.aspx|title=Microsoft Board of Directors|work=PressPass|publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Kumi ni wajumbe wa bodi kuchaguliwa kila mwaka ifikapo mwaka wanahisa mkutano, na wale ambao hawapati kura wengi lazima kuwasilisha kujiuzulu kwa bodi, ambayo hatimaye kuchagua kama au kukubali kujiuzulu. Kuna kamati tano ndani ya bodi ambayo kusimamia masuala maalum zaidi. Kamati hizi ni pamoja na Kamati ya Ukaguzi, ambayo Hushughulikia masuala ya uhasibu na ukaguzi wa kampuni pamoja na kuripoti; Kamati ya Compensation ambayo laadhimisha fidia kwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na wafanyakazi wengine wa kampuni; Kamati ya Fedha, ambayo Hushughulikia masuala ya kifedha kama vile inapendekeza muunganiko na ununuzi ; ya Utawala na Kuteua kamati, ambayo Hushughulikia masuala mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na kuteuliwa ushirika wa bodi, na mhakiki Antitrust Kamati, ambayo majaribio ya kuzuia kutoka kampuni ya mazoea [[Antitrust]] kukiuka sheria. <ref name="MS-Govern">{{cite web |title=Microsoft Corporation Corporate Governance Guidelines |url=http://www.microsoft.com/about/companyinformation/corporategovernance/guidelines.mspx |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=9 Oktoba 2005 }}</ref> <ref name="MS-ProxyStmt">{{cite web |title=Microsoft 2005 Proxy Statement |publisher=Microsoft |url=http://www.microsoft.com/msft/reports/proxy2005.mspx |accessdate=2008-08-18 }}</ref>

Kuna vipengele vingine kadhaa na muundo wa kampuni ya Microsoft. Kwa masuala duniani kuna Mtendaji wa Timu, linaloundwa na maafisa wa kampuni ya kumi na sita duniani kote, ambayo ni kushtakiwa kwa majukumu mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na kuhakikisha wafanyakazi kuelewa Microsoft's utamaduni wa biashara. Maafisa wa kumi na sita ya Executive Team ni pamoja na Mwenyekiti na [[Afisa Software Hunting]], the CEO, [[Wakili Mkuu]] na Katibu wa [[CFO]], makamu wa kikundi mwandamizi na marais kutoka vitengo vya biashara, na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Ulaya, Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika mikoa; na vichwa vya Worldwide Sales, Masoko na Huduma; Human Resources; na Corporate Masoko. Aidha Timu ya Mtendaji pia kuna Staff Corporate Council, ambayo Hushughulikia wafanyakazi wote kuu utendaji wa kampuni, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuidhinisha kampuni sera. The Corporate Staff Baraza linaloundwa na wafanyakazi kutoka katika Sheria na Corporate Affairs, Finance, Human Resources, Corporate Marketing, na Mkakati na Sera Advanced makundi saa Microsoft. Watendaji wengine ni pamoja na Marais na Makamu wa Marais wa bidhaa mbalimbali divisions, viongozi wa sehemu za masoko, na [[CTO]], miongoni mwa wengine. <ref name="MS-Citizenship">{{cite web |title=Microsoft 2004 Citizenship Report |url=http://www.microsoft.com/about/corporatecitizenship/us/default.mspx |publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=9 Oktoba 2005 }}</ref> <ref name="2005annual"/>

=== Stock ===
[[Picha:MSFT 5years.PNG|frame|right|Microsoft Corp (Powered: MSFT) hisa bei (source: ZenoBank.com)]]
Wakati kampuni ilipata kushika nafasi yake [[IPO]] 13 Machi 1986, bei ya [[hisa]] ilikuwa dola 21. <ref name="stockfaq">{{cite web |title=Microsoft Stock and Shareholder Frequently Asked Questions
|url=http://www.microsoft.com/msft/FAQ/stock.mspx |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2008-08-18 }}</ref> <ref name="stocksheet"> {{cite web |title=Microsoft stock price spreadsheet from Microsoft investor relations |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/d/a/7/da7e8eca-4410-4475-a211-03327408b655/msftpricehist.xls |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2008-08-18 }} [[(Microsoft Excel]] format)</ref> Kwa karibu ya [[biashara]] ya kwanza ya [[siku]], alikuwa hisa closed at $ 28, sawa na senti 9.7 wakati kurekebishwa kwa kampuni tisa ya kwanza ya [[hisa splits.]] <ref name="stocksheet"/> Awali ensuing karibu na kupanda katika miaka inayofuata alifanya Microsoft wafanyakazi kadhaa mamilioni. <ref name="stockrich"/> Bei ya hisa peaked mwaka 1999 saa kote US $ 119 (US $ 60.928 kujirekebisha kwa splits). <ref name="stocksheet"/> Wakati kampuni ina hisa splits alikuwa tisa ya kwanza ambayo ilikuwa 18 Septemba 1987, kampuni kuanza hawakuwa inatoa [[utdelningen]] mpaka 16 Januari 2003. <ref name="stocksheet"/> <ref name="dividendfaq">{{cite web |title=Dividend Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.microsoft.com/msft/FAQ/dividend.mspx |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2008-08-18 }}</ref> The dividend kwa [[mwaka]] 2003 ilikuwa senti nane per [[share,]] ikifuatiwa na utdelningen ya senti kumi na sita kwa kushirikisha baadae mwaka. <ref name="dividendfaq"/> Kampuni switched kutoka kila mwaka na robo mwaka magawio mwaka 2005, kwa senti nane per robo sehemu [[maalum]] kwa [[wakati mmoja payout]] ya dola tatu kwa kushiriki kwa robo ya pili ya mwaka wa fedha. <ref name="dividendfaq"/>

Licha ya kampuni tisa kupasuliwa tarehe 2 Februari 2003 na baadaye kuongezeka utdelningen payouts, bei ya Microsoft's hisa kiasi kikubwa alibakia steady kwa miaka kadhaa ijayo, <ref name="dividendfaq"/> <ref name="Yahoo-MSFTchart">{{cite web |title=Yahoo MSFT stock chart |url=http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=MSFT&t=my |publisher=Yahoo Finance |accessdate=13 Desemba 2008 }}<br />* {{cite web |title=MSN Money MSFT chart with dividend and split info |url=http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/charts/chartdl.aspx?Symbol=MSFT&C8=2005&CE=0&C5=10&C6=2005&C7=10&D9=1&C9=2&D0=1&CF=1&D4=1&D5=0&D3=0&ShowChtBt=Refresh+Chart&CP=0&PT=9 |publisher=MSN Money |accessdate=13 Desemba 2008 }}<br />* {{cite web |author=Ina Fried and Scott Ard |url=http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-148474.html?tag=st.prev |title=Gates stepping down from full-time Microsoft role, page 2 |date=15 Juni 2006 |publisher=ZDNet News |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> na kupanda kwa bei ya hisa kote release ya Windows Vista na kuanguka wakati wa [[mgogoro wa kiuchumi]] wa 2008.

=== Diversity ===
[[Picha:MicrosoftGayPrideFlag.jpg|thumb|Flags alimfufua mbele ya Microsoft Sammamish Campus katika Issaquah, Washington. The flag upande wa kushoto ni ya bendera ya Microsoft's mashoga na wafanyakazi msagaji kundi GLEAM.]]
Mwaka 2005, Microsoft amepokea 100% rating katika Corporate Usawa Index kutoka [[Kampeni]] ya [[Haki za Binadamu]], en ranking ya makampuni na jinsi maendeleo ya shirika deems sera zao kuhusu [[LGBT]] (lesbian, gay, Bisexual na transsexual) wafanyakazi. Partly kupitia kazi ya [[wasenge na Wasagaji]] Wafanyakazi saa Microsoft (GLEAM) kundi, Microsoft aliongeza [[kujieleza jinsia]] yake kutobagua sera mwezi Aprili 2005, na Haki za Binadamu Kampeni uppdaterade Microsoft's Corporate Usawa Index kutoka sin 86% rating mwaka 2004 hadi sina sasa 100% rating. <ref name="HumanRights-EqIndex">{{cite web |title=Corporate Equality Index: A Report Card on Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Equality in Corporate America |year=2005 |url=http://www.hrc.org/TemplateRedirect.cfm?Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=28841 |publisher=Human Rights Campaign Foundation |accessdate=13 Oktoba 2005 |format=PDF }}</ref> <ref name="MS-GLEAM">{{cite web |title=Gay and Lesbian Employees at Microsoft (GLEAM) |url=http://www.microsoft.com/about/diversity/programs/dac/gleam.mspx |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2006-06-26}}</ref>

Mwezi Aprili 2005, Microsoft alipokea hela avskaffandet kukosolewa kwa msaada kutoka Washington jimbo HB 1515 muswada kwamba ingekuwa kupanuliwa hali ya sasa ya sheria za kutobagua watu kwa Alternate riktlinjer ngono. <ref name="HumanRights-HB1515">{{cite press release |title= HRC Expresses profound disappointment with Microsoft's withdrawal of support for H.B. 1515 |url=http://www.hrc.org/Template.cfm?Section=Press_Room&CONTENTID=26588&TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm |publisher=Human Rights Campaign Foundation |date=22 Aprili 2005 |accessdate=2008-08-18 }}</ref> Microsoft alikuwa mshitakiwa wa wakiinama na shinikizo kutoka mitaa kiinjili mchungaji [[Ken Hutcherson]] ambaye alikutana na mwandamizi Microsoft mtendaji na kutishia kususia kitaifa ya Microsoft's bidhaa. <ref name="Kaushik"> [http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/Content?oid=21105 Microsoft mapango tarehe Gay Haki]</ref> Microsoft pia yateremsha walikuwa kulipa kiinjili kihafidhina [[Ralph Reed]] 's kampuni Century Mikakati ya $ 20,000 kila mwezi ada. <ref name="Jamieson"> [http://www.seattlepi.com/jamieson/221805_robert27.html Malipo ya Reed Sully Microsoft]</ref> Zaidi ya wafanyakazi 2,000 saini ombi kuuliza Microsoft ili reinstate msaada kwa muswada huo. <ref name="changemind">{{cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/may2005/tc20050512_7358_tc024.htm |title=How Microsoft Changed Its Mind |publisher=[[BusinessWeek]] |date=2005-05-12 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Chini wakali wawili upinzani kutoka nje na ndani ya kampuni kuta, Microsoft waliamua kuunga mkono muswada tena Mei 2005. <ref name="changemind"/> <ref name="HumanRights-MSDecision">{{cite press release |title=Microsoft makes right decision renewing support for workplace fairness |url=http://www.hrc.org/Template.cfm?Section=Press_Room&CONTENTID=26803&TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm |publisher=Human Rights Campaign Foundation |date=6 Mei 2005 |accessdate=2008-08-18 }}</ref>

Microsoft hires wafanyakazi wengi wa kigeni kama vile yale ya ndani, na ni mpinzani wa frispråkig cap on [[H1B viza]] s, ambayo kuruhusu makampuni katika kuajiri Marekani kwa baadhi ya wafanyakazi wa kigeni. Bill Gates juu ya madai ya cap H1B visa kufanya kuwa vigumu kwa kuajiri wafanyakazi wa kampuni, inayosema "I'd shaka kujikwamua ya H1B cap." <ref name="MarkRoy">{{cite web |url=http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3500986 |title=Gates Rakes Congress on H1B Visa Cap|author=Roy Mark |publisher=internetnews.com|date=2005-04-27 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref>

=== Logos na slogans ===
Mwaka 1987, Microsoft antog alama yake ya sasa, kinachojulikana ''"[[Pac-Man]]"'' Rangi", iliyoundwa na Scott Baker. Kulingana na Machi 1987 ''Computer Reseller News Magazine,'' "alama mpya, katika Helvetica italiki typeface, ana slash kati ya ''o'' na kusisitiza ''s"'' laini "sehemu ya jina na kuwasilisha mada na kasi." Dave Norris, a Microsoft mfanyakazi, ulianza an intern joke kampeni ya kuokoa alama ya zamani, ambayo ilikuwa ya kijani, katika uppercase wote, na featured a fanciful barua ''O,'' nicknamed ya ''blibbet,'' lakini ilikuwa kuondolewa. <ref name="Osterman2005-07-14">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/larryosterman/archive/2005/07/14/438777.aspx |title=Remember the blibbet |publisher=Larry Osterman's WebLog |author=Larry Osterman |date=14 Julai 2005 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref>

Microsoft's alama na ''"Your potential.'' ''Passion yetu.'' "Tagline chini ya shirika kuu jina, ni misingi ya kaulimbiu Microsoft alikuwa kama wa 2008. Mwaka 2002, kampuni ilianza kutumia alama katika Marekani na hatimaye ilianza TV kampeni na kaulimbiu, kubadilishwa kutoka zilizotangulia Tagline ya [["wapi unataka kwenda leo?."|''"wapi unataka kwenda leo?."'']] <ref name="wherego1"/> <ref name="potentialpassion1"/> <ref name="Reimer">{{cite web |url=http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060123-6031.html |title=Microsoft set to launch new marketing campaign |publisher=Ars Technica |author=Jeremy Reimer |date=2006-01-23 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref>

<div class="center">

<gallery>
File:Microsoft logo (1987) + slogan (1994).svg|Microsoft "PAC-Mtu" logo, designed by Scott Baker na kutumika tangu mwaka 1987, na kaulimbiu 1994-2002 wapi unataka kwenda leo? "[204] [206]
File:Microsoft_logo_(1987)_+_slogan_(2006).png|Microsoft alama kama wa 2009, pamoja na kaulimbiu ya sasa "Your potential. Yetu passion. "[207]
</gallery>
</div>

== Mazingira rekodi ==
[[Picha:Plant_maintained_by_Microsoft,_Bangalore,_India.jpeg|thumb|Barabara upande mashamba by Microsoft karibu na ofisi ya Dell, Bangalore, India.]]

Katika uhusiano kwa elektronik sehemu ya biashara yake (mfano mchezo consoles, peripherals kompyuta, nk), Microsoft ilikuwa ranked kampuni ya 2 mbaya kwa mazingira ya nje ya makampuni 18 lilipimwa katika Greenpeace's Greener Electronics kuongoza Juni 2008. Ni amepokea score ya 2.2/10, kuziweka mbele ya Nintendo tu. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/company-scores-plummet |title=Company scores plummet in Greener Electronics Guide |publisher=Greenpeace |date=25 Juni 2008 |accessdate=2009-07-06}}</ref>

Microsoft imechukua hatua ya kuwa zaidi mazingira ya kirafiki. <ref name="news1"> [http://news.cnet.com/Microsoft-vs.-Google-Whos-greener---page-2/2100-1022_3-6080297-2.html?hhTest=1 Microsoft vs Google: Nani's miljövänligare? - CNET News.com]</ref> Baadhi ya mifano ni:

* Microsoft's newest kujenga kampasi zake katika [[Hyderabad, India]] ilijengwa kama rafiki wa mazingira muundo. Microsoft Utafiti Uhindi yaliyoendelea mradi inayoitwa [[Digital Green]] mwaka 2008, ambayo inalenga kuwaelimisha wakulima nchini India juu ya jinsi ya kutumia azolla - en viumbe Fern kulishwa kwa ng'ombe, maziwa uliongezeka kujitoa uzalishaji. <ref> ''The New York Times'' Microsoft Goes Afield na Masomo ya Mbali Emerging Markets. " Vance, Ashlee. 27 Oktoba 2008.</ref> <ref> [http://www.microsoft.com/India/MSIDC/life/campus.aspx Microsoft Uhindi Development Center]</ref>
* Microsoft has fasas nje matumizi ya plastiki [[polyvinyl hidrojeni]] katika vifungashio wake, kutokana na wasiwasi wa mazingira, na vitendo match kwa washindani. <ref name="PVC"/> Polyvinyl chloride, pia inajulikana kama PVC au vinyl, inaweza kutolewa Sumu ndani ya mazingira wakati wa uzalishaji na kama ni kuchomwa moto baada ya uzalishaji. Sumu hizi ni syntetisk kemikali ambazo zinaweza wanaohusishwa na kansa, na masuala ya uzazi na kinga system. Katika muda wa miezi sita, aliweza Microsoft kuondokana takriban £ 361.000 wa polyvinyl ufungaji na ufungaji transitioning kwa utilizing [[polyetentereftalat]] plastiki (PET). Kampuni ya kuchunguza madai kuwa eco-friendly ufungaji alifanya ya nafaka Wanga, sukari, na mafuta ya mboga. <ref name="PVC"> [http://news.cnet.com/Microsoft-to-phase-out-toxic-plastics/2100-1041_3-5985712.html?hhTest=1 ^ Microsoft kwa awamu nje sumu plastiki - CNET News.com]</ref>
* Kampuni ina imewekwa juu [[solpaneler]] 2000 Guinea {{convert|30000|sqft|m2}} juu ya majengo yake katika Bonde la Silicon kampasi yake. <ref> [http://solar.rain-barrel.net/microsoft-solar/ Microsoft Upashajijoto - Solar Times]</ref> Hizi paneler 480 kilowatts ugavi wa nguvu, kuzalisha wastani wa asilimia 15 ya jumla ya nishati zinahitajika kwa kampasi na kukatwa ya [[gasses chafu]] ambayo vinginevyo kuwa imetungwa na ugavi kwamba nguvu. <ref name="news1"/>
* Microsoft imejenga mmoja wa walimwengu kubwa basi binafsi system (ya "Connector") kama molekuli transiteringssystem Seattle katika eneo hilo. Wafanyakazi, interns, wachuuzi na makandarasi wanahimizwa kutumia transit molekuli mikoa umma (kama [[King County Metro]] na [[Sound Transit)]] na ruzuku nauli. Kwa juu-kampasi usafirishaji, ya "Shuttle Connect" inatumia flotta kubwa hybrid magari, kuokoa juu galons ya mafuta 20,000 kwa mwaka. <ref name="news1"/> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/environment/our_commitment/articles/alternative_commuting.aspx |title=Fostering Alternative Ways to Commute at Microsoft |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2009-07-06}}</ref>
* Kampuni inatumia mfumo wa umwagiliaji katika kampasi Redmond wake kwamba mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa sinnena ujao, kuokoa galoni milioni 11 za maji kwa mwaka. <ref> [http://www.microsoft.com/environment/our_commitment/articles/building_practices.aspx Microsoft Mazingira:: Microsoft Smart na Endelevu Building Practices]</ref> Kampuni imepokea fedha vyeti kutoka Marekani Green Building Baraza's [[LEED]] mpango kwa mazingira design. <ref name="news1"/>
* Mwanzo katika Juni 2008, Microsoft has aliongeza boji Bins cafeterias yote juu yake kampasi Redmond, na badala wote polystyrene mabamba na vikombe na plastiki flatware na biodegradable mbadala. Katika miezi miwili ya kwanza baada ya mpito, kampasi ya Redmond kupunguzwa zake zisizo boji trash pato kwa 50%.

== Ukosoaji ==
{{Main|Criticism of Microsoft}}

=== Kupambana na ushindani ===
Tangu miaka ya 1980, Microsoft imekuwa mwelekeo wa kiasi utata katika sekta ya kompyuta. <ref name="ecis-ms-history"> {{cite web|url=http://www.ecis.eu/documents/Finalversion_Consumerchoicepaper.pdf |title=Microsoft A History of Anticompetitive Behavior and Consumer Harm |accessdate=2009-05-25 |date=2009-03-31 |format=PDF |publisher=European Committee for Interoperable Systems }}</ref> Wengi wa upinzani imekuwa mbinu yake ya biashara, mara nyingi hufafanuliwa kwa mbiu [["kukumbatia, kupanua na kuizima."]] Microsoft awali konkurrerande unadhihirisha a standard au bidhaa, kisha inaenea kwa mazao yao wenyewe ambayo ni toleo kisha maunzi na standard, ambayo kwa muda extinguishes ushindani kwamba hana au hawawezi kutumia Microsoft's new version. <ref name="eee">{{cite web |url=http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-100925.html |title=Intel exec: MS wanted to 'extend, embrace and extinguish' competition |author=Will Rodger |publisher=[[ZDNet]] News |date=1998-11-08 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> Haya na mbinu nyingine yamesababisha lawsuits kuletwa na makampuni na serikali, na mabilioni ya dola domar dhidi ya Microsoft. <ref name="Orlowski2004-03-05">{{cite press release |url=http://www.burst.com/new/newsevents/pressrelease007.htm |title=Microsoft Corp. Licenses Burst.com Patents & Settles Suit |publisher=Burst.com Inc. |date=11 Machi 2005 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}<br />* {{cite web |author=Andrew Orlowski |date=2004-03-05 |publisher=theregister.co.uk |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/03/05/eolas_web_patent_nullified/ |title=Eolas' web patent nullified |accessdate=2006-05-18}}<br />* {{cite web |author=Tony Dennis |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/en/inquirer/news/2002/12/24/sendo--microsoft--it-all-ends-in-tears |title=Sendo & Microsoft — it all ends in tears |date=2002-12-24 |publisher=TheInquirer.net |accessdate=2006-05-18}}<br />* {{cite news |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/12/07/HNmicrosoftfined_1.html |title=Update: Microsoft fined $32M by South Korea |author=Dan Nystedt |publisher=IDG News Service |date=2005-12-07 |accessdate=2008-08-18}}</ref> <ref name="usvms"/> <ref name="euantitrust"/> Katika Januari 2009, [[Opera Software ASA]] filed malalamiko kwa Tume ya Ulaya na kusema kuwa Microsoft's integration ya [[Internet Explorer]] na makao [[Windows]] kompyuta binafsi, ni ukiukaji wa sheria za Ulaya ushindani. <ref name="Windows 7 Articles">{{cite web |url=http://w7info.com/articles/2009/01/windows-7-bundled-with-firefox-chrome-or-safari/ |title=Windows 7 Bundled with Firefox, Chrome, or Safari?|publisher=Windows 7 Info |year=2009 |accessdate=2009-01-28 |author=Kenneth M Pennington}}</ref>

=== Uhuru na faragha ===
[[Free software]] proponents kumweka kwa kujiunga na kampuni ya [[Baraza Computing FORUMS Alliance]] (TCPA) kama sababu ya wasiwasi. Kundi ya makampuni ambayo kutafuta kutekeleza mpango kuitwa [[FORUMS Computing]] (kompyuta katika kompyuta ambazo sio tu kuulinda kwa mmiliki wake, lakini pia kuulinda dhidi ya mmiliki wake kama kisima), TCPA ni decried kwa wakosoaji kama inaruhusu mjukvaruutvecklare na jukwaa controllers indiscriminate kulazimisha vikwazo juu ya jinsi ya kutumia programu walaji, na juu ya jinsi ya kompyuta kuishi. <ref> [[Richard Stallman.]] [http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html "Unaweza Trust kompyuta yako?".]</ref> <ref name="Anderson">{{cite web | url = http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html | title = `Trusted Computing' Frequently Asked Questions: TC / TCG / LaGrande / NGSCB / Longhorn / Palladium / TCPA
Version 1.1 |month=Agosti | year=2003 | author = [[Ross Anderson|Anderson, Ross]] | accessdate = 2007-02-07 }}</ref> {{Rp|23|date=Mei 2009}} <ref name="anderson2"> [http://www.springerlink.com/content/v8571w5420l26q08/ Ross Anderson, "Cryptography na Ushindani Policy - Masuala with 'FORUMS Computing'", katika ''Uchumi wa Habari Usalama,'' kutoka ''katika'' mfululizo ''Yaendeleza Information Usalama,'' Vol. 12, 11 Aprili 2006.]</ref> <ref> [http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fms27/papers/2003-stajano-shifting.pdf F. Stajano, "Usalama kwa nani?][http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fms27/papers/2003-stajano-shifting.pdf Shifting usalama wa pervasive dhana ya kompyuta, ''"unabainisha Qur'ani katika sayansi ya kompyuta,'' vol. 2609, pp. ][http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fms27/papers/2003-stajano-shifting.pdf 16-27, 2003.]</ref>

{{quote|“Large media corporations (including the movie companies and record companies), together with computer companies such as Microsoft and [[Intel]], are planning to make your computer obey them instead of you.”|[[Richard Stallman]], founder of the [[Free Software Foundation]]<ref name="Lemos"> {{cite web |url=http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/can-you-trust.html |title=Can You Trust Your Computer? |publisher=[[GNU Project]] website |author=[[Richard Stallman]]|accessdate=2008-12-03}}</ref>}}

Watetezi wa free software pia suala la kuchukua na Microsoft's uendelezaji wa [[Digital Rights Management]] (DRM) na [[jumla ya gharama ya umiliki]] (TCO) kulinganisha na wake "Get ukweli" kampeni. Digital Rights Management ni teknolojia ambayo inaruhusu watoa kuingiza maudhui vikwazo juu ya mbinu ambayo digital vyombo vya habari ni juu ya matumizi ya vifaa kutumika; na hatimaye, wapinzani wake zinakubali kwamba kama teknolojia inaweza infringe on [[fair matumizi]] na haki za wengine, hasa ikizingatiwa kuwa ni shughuli inapinga kisheria kama vile re-kuchanganya au uzazi wa vifaa kwa ajili ya matumizi katika slide inaonyesha au [[återförsäljning ya bidhaa kwa wateja.]] <ref name="Chisnall">{{cite web |url=http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=465447&rll=1 |publisher=Informit.com |title=
DRM: Digital Rights or Digital Restrictions? |author=David Chisnall |date=2006-05-04 |accessdate=2006-05-18}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eff.org/issues/drm|title=Digital Rights Management}}</ref>

=== Misrepresentation ===
Ya "Get ukweli" kampeni anasema kuwa Windows Server ina [[TCO]] chini kuliko [[Linux]] na orodha ya tafiti mbalimbali ili kuthibitisha kesi yake. <ref name="MS-GetFacts">{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver/compare/default.mspx |title=Get the facts home |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=2006-05-19}}</ref> Linux ilizindua dira Proponents ya masomo yao akisema kuwa, kinyume na mmoja wa Microsoft's madai, Linux ina usimamizi kupunguza gharama kuliko Windows Server. <ref name="Jaques">{{cite web |url=http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2150210/linux-fans-hit-back-microsoft |title=Linux fans hit back at Microsoft TCO claims |author=Robert Jaques |publisher=vnunet.com |date=2006-02-13 |accessdate=2008-08-18|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070930193623/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2150210/linux-fans-hit-back-microsoft|archivedate=2007-09-30}}</ref> Utafiti mwingine kwa madai kwamba [[Kikundi Yankee]] kuwaendeleza kutoka toleo moja hadi jingine Windows Server gharama kubwa sehemu (robo ya tatu) wa gharama byte kutoka Windows Server ya Linux, hata kwa makampuni makubwa, na kwamba sababu nyingine kubwa a Kubadilisha mbali Windows servrar walikuwa iliongezeka usalama na kuegemea Linux servrar na nafasi ya kuepuka Microsoft "lock-in." <ref name="Foley">{{cite news |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070612025517/http://www.eweek.com/article2/0,1895,1553727,00.asp|title=Yankee Independently Pits Windows TCO vs. Linux TCO |author=Mary Jo Foley |publisher=eWeek.com |date=2004-03-24 |accessdate=2008-06-18}}</ref>

Mwaka wa 2004, [[Advertising Standards Authority]] (ASA) ya Uingereza Microsoft alionya kwamba ad kutoka kampeni ambayo alidai kuwa "Linux mara ... mara 10 ya gharama kubwa zaidi kuliko Windows Server 2003", ilikuwa "vilseledande", kama vifaa waliochaguliwa kwa ya Linux server mara needlessly ghali. <ref>{{cite web|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3600724.stm|title = Microsoft's Linux ad 'misleading'|accessdate = 2007-07-25|date = 26 Agosti 2004|publisher = [[BBC News]]}}</ref> ASA's malalamiko ya mara kwamba "vipimo kwa ajili ya Linux walikuwa alifanya juu ya [[IBM zSeries]] [mainframe], ambayo ilikuwa ghali zaidi na hawakuwa vizuri kama IBM mengine mfululizo." Mara ya ulinganifu to Windows Server 2003 mbio mbili [[Intel]] 900 MHz [[Xeon]] CPUs. <ref>{{cite web|url = http://news.com.com/Ad+watchdog+warns+Microsoft+to+'Get+the+Facts'/2100-1016_3-5323672.html|title = Linux 10 times more expensive? Get the facts, watchdog tells Microsoft|accessdate = 2007-07-25|date = 26 Agosti 2004|publisher = [[CNet]]|archiveurl=http://archive.is/kIeAJ|archivedate=2013-01-02}}</ref>

Daudi Meyer kuandika Zdnet.com alisema kuwa, "Microsoft ina historia ndefu ya kuomba, na kuruzukiwa patent, uppfinningar kwamba wengi wanasema-na unaweza wakati mwingine kuonyesha-walikuwa msingi kazi mapema na wengine walibeba nje, au msingi wa kawaida, self-dhahiri wazo. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1%3Cbr%20%3E%3C/a%3E%20&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7,415,666.PN.&OS=PN/7,415%3Cbr%20/%3E%20,666&RS=PN/7,415,666|title=United States Patent concerning "page-up/page-down technology" |publisher=United States Patent Office |date=2008-08-19 |accessdate=2008-09-01}}</ref> Hii ilikuwa katika mwitikio 2008 patent maombi yake kwa uwezo wa mafanikio katika [[ukurasa-up au umebadilisha-chini]] increments kwa moja keystroke - njia ambayo imekuwa pervasive kwa miongo. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.zdnet.com/2424-9595_22-218626.html|title=Microsoft has been granted a patent on 'Page Up' and 'Page Down' keystrokes. |publisher=ZDNet.co.uk |date=2008-08-29 |accessdate=2008-09-01}}</ref>

== kumbukumbu. ==
{{Marejeo|2}}

== Viunganish vya nje ==
* [http://www.microsoft.com/ Microsoft] - ''tovuti rasmi''
* [http://www.microsoft.com/ Microsoft] - ''tovuti rasmi''


{{mbegu-uchumi}}

[[Jamii:Microsoft]]
[[Jamii:Kompyuta]]
[[Jamii:Makampuni ya Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Makampuni ya Marekani]]

Pitio la 12:36, 4 Septemba 2018

Mti unaotunzwa na Microsoft karibu na ofisi ya Dell, Bangalore, India.
Microsoft
IlipoanzishwaAlbuquerque, New Mexico (Aprili 4, 1975 (1975-04-04))[1]
Makao MakuuRedmond, Washington, United States
Mapato kabla ya riba na kodidecrease US$ 20.363 billion (2009)[2]
Net incomedecrease US$ 14.569 billion (2009)[2]
Total equityincrease US$ 39.558 billion (2009)[2]
TovutiMicrosoft.com

Microsoft Corporation ni kampuni ya kimataifa ya teknolojia ya kompyuta. [3]

Kampuni ilianzishwa na William Henry Gates III, (inayojulikana kama Bill Gates) mwaka 1975[4]. Makao makuu yako Redmond, Washington, Marekani.

Tanbihi

  1. "Bill Gates: A timeline", news.bbc.co.uk, BBC News, 2006-06-15. Retrieved on 2008-08-18. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hitilafu ya kutaja: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 2009financials
  3. Microsoft Corporation Annual Report 2005 (doc). Microsoft. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 Oktoba, 2005.
  4. Information for Students: Key Events In Microsoft History (doc). Microsoft Visitor Center Student Information. Iliwekwa mnamo 1 Oktoba 2005.

Viungo vya nje

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya uchumi bado ni mbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Microsoft kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.