Shinikizo : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho

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[[Picha:Pressure_exerted_by_collisions.svg|alt=A figure showing pressure exerted by particle collisions inside a closed container. The collisions that exert the pressure are highlighted in red.|right|thumb|250x250px|Shinikizo kutoka migongano ya chembe ndani ya chombo kilichofungwa]]
[[Picha:Pressure_exerted_by_collisions.svg|alt=A figure showing pressure exerted by particle collisions inside a closed container. The collisions that exert the pressure are highlighted in red.|right|thumb|250x250px|Shinikizo kutoka migongano ya chembe ndani ya chombo kilichofungwa]]
'''Shinikizo''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]] "pressure"; [[ishara]] yake ni ''p'' au ''P''. Matumizi ya ''P'' au ''p'' inategemea tasnia au taaluma. Mapendekezo ya IUPAC ya kuonyesha shinikizo ni herufi 'p' ndogo.<ref name="IUPACGoldPressure">{{Cite book|last=McNaught, A. D.|year=2014|url=http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02281.html|title=IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book").|series=2.3.3|publisher=Blackwell Scientific Publications|location=Oxford|doi=10.1351/goldbook.P04819|isbn=0-9678550-9-8}}</ref> Hata hivyo, herufi ''P'' kubwa hutumika sana.) ni [[kani]] inayotumika kutoka juu moja kwa moja kwenye uso wa [[kitu]] kwenye [[eneo]] kani hiyo imesambaziwa<ref>{{Cite book|last=Giancoli|year=2004|first=Douglas G.|title=Physics: principles with applications|publisher=Pearson Education|location=Upper Saddle River, N.J.|isbn=0-13-060620-0}}</ref>
'''Shinikizo''' (ishara: ''p'' au ''P'') ni [[kani]] inayotumika kutoka juu moja kwa moja kwenye uso wa kitu kwenye [[eneo]] kani hiyo imesambaziwa.


==Vipimo==
Vipimo mbalimbali hutumika kuonyesha shinikizo. Baadhi yake hutokana na kipimo cha kani kugawanywa na kipimo cha eneo hilo; kipimo cha [[Vipimo sanifu vya kimataifa|SI]] cha shinikizo, [[Paskali|pascal]] (Pa), kwa mfano, ni moja [[nyutoni]] kwa kila [[mita ya mraba]]. Shinikizo inaweza pia kuonyeshwa kama shinikizo la anga la kawaida; anga (atm) ni sawa na shinikizo hili, na torr ni hufafanuliwa kama &#x20;{{frac|760}} ya hii. Vipimo ''manometric'' kama vile [[sentimita]] ya maji, [[milimita]] ya zebaki, na [[inchi]] ya zebaki hutumika kuelezea shinikizo kwa suala la urefu wa safu ya [[kiowevu]] fulani katika manometer.
[[Picha:Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg|right|thumb|Safu ya Zebaki.]]
[[Vipimo]] mbalimbali hutumika kuonyesha shinikizo. Baadhi yake hutokana na kipimo cha kani kugawanywa na kipimo cha eneo hilo; kipimo cha [[Vipimo sanifu vya kimataifa|SI]] cha shinikizo, [[Pascal]] (Pa), kwa mfano, ni [[nyutoni]] [[moja]] kwa kila [[mita ya mraba]] (N/m<sup>2</sup>, au kilo·m<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-2</sup>). Jina la kipimo hiki liliongezewa mwaka 1971;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bipm.fr/en/convention/cgpm/14/pascal-siemens.html|title=14th Conference of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630020548/http://www.bipm.fr/en/convention/cgpm/14/pascal-siemens.html|archivedate=2007-06-30|publisher=Bipm.fr|accessdate=2012-03-27}}</ref> mbeleni, shinikizo katika SI ilionyeshwa kama nyutoni kwa kila mita ya mraba..


Shinikizo inaweza pia kuonyeshwa kama shinikizo la anga la kawaida; anga (atm) ni sawa na shinikizo hili, na torr hufafanuliwa kama &#x20;{{frac|760}} ya hii.
== Ufafanuzi ==
'''Shinikizo''' ni kiasi cha kani inayotumika kutoka juu moja kwa moja kwenye uso wa kitu kwa kipimo cha eneo. Ishara yake ni ''p'' au ''P''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Giancoli|year=2004|first=Douglas G.|title=Physics: principles with applications|publisher=Pearson Education|location=Upper Saddle River, N.J.|isbn=0-13-060620-0}}</ref> Mapendekezo ya IUPAC ya kuonyesha shinikizo ni ya herufi 'p' ndogo.<ref name="IUPACGoldPressure">{{Cite book|last=McNaught, A. D.|year=2014|url=http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02281.html|title=IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book").|series=2.3.3|publisher=Blackwell Scientific Publications|location=Oxford|doi=10.1351/goldbook.P04819|isbn=0-9678550-9-8}}</ref>
Hata hivyo, herufi ''P'' kubwa hutumika sana. Matumizi ya ''P'' au ''p'' inategemea tasnia au taaluma.


Vipimo ''manometric'' kama vile [[sentimita]] ya [[maji]], [[milimita]] ya zebaki, na [[inchi]] ya [[zebaki]] hutumika kuelezea shinikizo kwa suala la [[urefu]] wa safu ya [[kiowevu]] fulani katika manometer.
=== Fomyula ===

== Fomula ==
[[Picha:Pressure_force_area.svg|right|200x200px]]
[[Picha:Pressure_force_area.svg|right|200x200px]]
Kihisabati:
Kihisabati:
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: <math>A</math> ni eneo la uso juu ya kugusana.
: <math>A</math> ni eneo la uso juu ya kugusana.


=== Vipimo ===
== Inapotumika ==
[[Picha:Barometer_mercury_column_hg.jpg|right|thumb|Safu ya Zebaki]]
Kipimo cha [[Vipimo sanifu vya kimataifa|SI]] cha shinikizo ni [[Paskali|pascal]] (Pa), ambacho ni sawa na [[nyutoni]]  moja kwa kila [[mita ya mraba]] (N/m<sup>2</sup>, au kilo·m<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-2</sup>). Jina la kipimo hiki liliongezewa mwaka 1971;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bipm.fr/en/convention/cgpm/14/pascal-siemens.html|title=14th Conference of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630020548/http://www.bipm.fr/en/convention/cgpm/14/pascal-siemens.html|archivedate=2007-06-30|publisher=Bipm.fr|accessdate=2012-03-27}}</ref> mbeleni, shinikizo katika SI ilionyeshwa kama nyutoni kwa kila mita ya mraba.



==== Inapotumika ====
* Majimaji ya [[breki]]
* Majimaji ya [[breki]]
* [[Shinikizo la juu la damu|Shinikizo la damu]]
* [[Shinikizo la juu la damu|Shinikizo la damu]]
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* Nguvu za seli za mimea
* Nguvu za seli za mimea


== Marejeleo ==
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}

{{mbegu-fizikia}}

[[Jamii:Fizikia]]

Pitio la 11:56, 3 Desemba 2017

A figure showing pressure exerted by particle collisions inside a closed container. The collisions that exert the pressure are highlighted in red.
Shinikizo kutoka migongano ya chembe ndani ya chombo kilichofungwa

Shinikizo (kwa Kiingereza "pressure"; ishara yake ni p au P. Matumizi ya P au p inategemea tasnia au taaluma. Mapendekezo ya IUPAC ya kuonyesha shinikizo ni herufi 'p' ndogo.[1] Hata hivyo, herufi P kubwa hutumika sana.) ni kani inayotumika kutoka juu moja kwa moja kwenye uso wa kitu kwenye eneo kani hiyo imesambaziwa[2]

Vipimo

Safu ya Zebaki.

Vipimo mbalimbali hutumika kuonyesha shinikizo. Baadhi yake hutokana na kipimo cha kani kugawanywa na kipimo cha eneo hilo; kipimo cha SI cha shinikizo, Pascal (Pa), kwa mfano, ni nyutoni moja kwa kila mita ya mraba (N/m2, au kilo·m-1·s-2). Jina la kipimo hiki liliongezewa mwaka 1971;[3] mbeleni, shinikizo katika SI ilionyeshwa kama nyutoni kwa kila mita ya mraba..

Shinikizo inaweza pia kuonyeshwa kama shinikizo la anga la kawaida; anga (atm) ni sawa na shinikizo hili, na torr hufafanuliwa kama 1760 ya hii.

Vipimo manometric kama vile sentimita ya maji, milimita ya zebaki, na inchi ya zebaki hutumika kuelezea shinikizo kwa suala la urefu wa safu ya kiowevu fulani katika manometer.

Fomula

Kihisabati:

ambapo:

ni shinikizo,
ni ukubwa wa kani ya kawaida,
ni eneo la uso juu ya kugusana.

Inapotumika

Marejeo

  1. McNaught, A. D. (2014). IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). 2.3.3. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. ISBN 0-9678550-9-8. doi:10.1351/goldbook.P04819. 
  2. Giancoli, Douglas G. (2004). Physics: principles with applications. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-13-060620-0. 
  3. "14th Conference of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures". Bipm.fr. Ilihifadhi kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2007-06-30. Iliwekwa mnamo 2012-03-27. 
Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya fizikia bado ni mbegu.
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