Kaizari Joseph II : Tofauti kati ya masahihisho
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'''Joseph II''' ([[13 Machi]] [[1741]] – [[20 Februari]] [[1790]]) alikuwa [[Kaizari]] wa [[Dola la Ujerumani]] kuanzia [[1765]] hadi kifo chake. Alimfuata baba yake, [[Kaizari Francis I|Francis I]], na |
'''Joseph II''' ([[13 Machi]] [[1741]] – [[20 Februari]] [[1790]]) alikuwa [[Kaizari]] wa [[Dola la Ujerumani]] kuanzia [[1765]] hadi [[kifo]] chake. Alimfuata [[baba]] yake, [[Kaizari Francis I|Francis I]], na kufuatwa na mdogo wake, [[Kaizari Leopold II|Leopold II]]. |
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[[Sera]] zake katika [[utawala]] [[Austria]] peke yake miaka [[1780]]-[[1790]] zimeitwa ''Ujosefu'' (au ''Josefini''). Sera hizo zilifuata [[falsafa ya mwangaza]] na kuingilia na kubana [[mamlaka]] ya [[Kanisa]] katika mambo mengi, hata madogo sana. |
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Kwa sababu hiyo alilaumiwa vikali na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na kuhusianishwa na tapo la [[Wamasoni]]. |
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Pamoja na hilo, alipatwa na upinzani mkubwa, na hatimaye alifuta baadhi ya maamuzi yake. |
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Alipokufa, [[Kaizari Leopold II|Leopoldo II]] alizidi kurudisha mambo yalivyokuwa awali na kujali [[hisia]] za wananchi. |
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==Marejeo== |
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* {{Citation |last=Berenger |first=Jean |title=A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1700-1918 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Addison Wesley |year=1990}} |
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* {{Citation |last=Ingrao |first=Charles W. |title=The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618-1815 |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000}} |
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* {{Citation |last=Kann |first=Robert |title=A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918 |publisher=University of California P |location=Los Angeles |year= 1974}} |
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* {{Citation |last=Okey |first=Robin |title=The Habsburg Monarchy c. 1765-1918 |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |year=2002}} |
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{{Mbegu-Kaizari-Ujerumani}} |
{{Mbegu-Kaizari-Ujerumani}} |
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Pitio la 13:35, 22 Septemba 2017
Joseph II (13 Machi 1741 – 20 Februari 1790) alikuwa Kaizari wa Dola la Ujerumani kuanzia 1765 hadi kifo chake. Alimfuata baba yake, Francis I, na kufuatwa na mdogo wake, Leopold II.
Sera zake katika utawala Austria peke yake miaka 1780-1790 zimeitwa Ujosefu (au Josefini). Sera hizo zilifuata falsafa ya mwangaza na kuingilia na kubana mamlaka ya Kanisa katika mambo mengi, hata madogo sana.
Kwa sababu hiyo alilaumiwa vikali na Kanisa Katoliki na kuhusianishwa na tapo la Wamasoni.
Pamoja na hilo, alipatwa na upinzani mkubwa, na hatimaye alifuta baadhi ya maamuzi yake.
Alipokufa, Leopoldo II alizidi kurudisha mambo yalivyokuwa awali na kujali hisia za wananchi.
Marejeo
- Berenger, Jean (1990), A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1700-1918, Edinburgh: Addison Wesley
- Ingrao, Charles W. (2000), The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618-1815, New York: Cambridge University Press
- Kann, Robert (1974), A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918, Los Angeles: University of California P
- Okey, Robin (2002), The Habsburg Monarchy c. 1765-1918, New York: Palgrave MacMillan
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