Kathy Acker
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Kathy Acker (18 Aprili 1947 [inayobishaniwa] – 30 Novemba 1997) alikuwa mwandishi wa riwaya wa majaribio wa Marekani, mwandishi wa tamthilia, mwandishi wa insha, na mwandishi wa baada ya kimodernisti, anayejulikana kwa uandishi wake wa pekee na wa kihalifu ambao ulishughulikia mada kama vile kiwewe cha utotoni, ujinsia na uasi. Uandishi wake unajumuisha pastiche na mbinu ya kukata-kata, inayohusisha kukata na kuchanganya vifungu na sentensi; pia alifafanua uandishi wake kama uliopo katika mila ya post-nouveau roman ya Ulaya. Katika maandishi yake, anachanganya vipengele vya wasifu, nguvu, ngono na jeuri.[1][2]
Mtoto wa pekee wa Donald na Claire (née Weill) Lehman, Acker alizaliwa Karen Lehman katika Jiji la New York mwaka 1947, ingawa Maktaba ya Congress inatoa mwaka wake wa kuzaliwa kama 1948, huku wahariri wa Encyclopædia Britannica wakitoa mwaka wake wa kuzaliwa kama Aprili 18, 1948, New York, New York, Marekani. Alikufa tarehe 30 Novemba 1997, huko Tijuana, Mexico. Maandishi mengi ya kifo, ikiwa ni pamoja na The New York Times, yalitoa mwaka wake wa kuzaliwa kama 1944.[3]
Familia yake ilitoka katika asili ya Kiyahudi ya Kijerumani iliyokuwa na utajiri na iliyoshikamana na utamaduni lakini si kidini. Bibi yake wa mama, Florence Weill, alikuwa Myahudi wa Austria ambaye alikuwa amerithi utajiri mdogo kutoka kwa Biashara ya kutengeneza glavu ya mumewe. Wazazi wa Acker walihamia uhamishoni wa kisiasa kutoka Alsace-Lorraine kabla ya Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, kutokana na kuongezeka kwa uzalendo wa Ujerumani ya kabla ya Nazi, wakihamia Paris na kisha Marekani. Kulingana na Acker, wazazi wake walikuwa "Wayahudi wa kizazi cha kwanza wa Kifaransa-Kijerumani" ambao mababu zao walitoka Pale of Settlement. Katika mahojiano na jarida la Tattoo Jew, Acker alisema kuwa Uyahudi wa kidini "hauna maana kwangu. Siuafui, lakini hauna maana kwangu" na akaelezea kuwa wazazi wake walikuwa "Wayahudi wa juu wa Kijerumani" waliokuwa na chuki za kitamaduni dhidi ya Wayahudi wa Ulaya Mashariki wanaozungumza Kiyidi. ("Nilifundishwa kukimbia Wayahudi wa Kipolishi.")
Acker alilelewa katika nyumba ya mama yake na baba wa kambo katika kitongoji cha Sutton Place cha Upper East Side ya Manhattan yenye ustawi. Baba yake, Donald Lehman, aliacha familia kabla ya kuzaliwa kwa Acker.[4][5] Uhusiano wake na mama yake mwenye jeuri, hata akiwa mtu mzima, ulikuwa na uhasama na wasiwasi kwa sababu Acker alihisi kutopendwa na kutotakikana. Mama yake alioa tena haraka, kwa Albert Alexander, ambaye jina lake la ukoo Kathy, née Karen, alipewa, ingawa mwandishi baadaye alielezea ndoa ya mama yake na Alexander kama ndoa isiyo na shauku kwa mwanamume asiye na uwezo. Kathy alikuwa na dada wa kambo, Wendy, kutoka kwa ndoa ya pili ya mama yake, lakini wanawake hao wawili hawakuwa karibu na walikuwa wametengana kwa muda mrefu. Kufikia wakati wa kifo cha Acker, alikuwa amewaomba marafiki zake wasiwasiliane na Wendy, kama baadhi walivyopendekeza. Mnamo 1978, mama yake Claire Alexander, alijiua. Akiwa mtu mzima, Acker alijaribu kumudu baba yake, lakini aliacha kutafuta baada ya kugundua kuwa baba yake alikuwa ametoweka baada ya kumuua mgeni kwenye yacht yake na kutumia miezi sita katika hifadhi ya akili hadi serikali ilipofuta mashtaka ya mauaji.[6] Most obituaries, including The New York Times, cited her birth year as 1944.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][14] In 1966, she married Robert Acker, and took his surname. Robert Acker was the son of lower-middle-class Polish-Jewish immigrants. Her mother and stepfather had hoped she would marry a wealthy man and did not expect the marriage to Acker to last long.[15][16][17][18]
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ "The Births and Deaths of Kathy Acker – Literary Hub". lithub.com. Novemba 30, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) "In her own version of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations, the narrator, as her Tarot cards—seen as "a psychic map of the present, therefore: the future"—are being read, refers to April 18 as her significator. The birth certificate, driver's license, and passport of the author give 1947 as birth year, relates Acker’s literary executor, Matias Viegener. Library of Congress information lists 1948, a date her publisher Grove Press takes for a biographical note for a posthumous gathering. In My Mother: Demonology, one of Acker’s last novels published while the author still lived, her narrative strategies have become to redo “childhood,” meaning within the work a set of returned-to memories, dreams, and also the pieces written when younger, the books loved rewritten. Here a narrator, if taken for a stand-in, changes her point of origin again, to something close but that does not exactly square, 'I was born on October 6, 1945.'" - ↑ "Kathy Acker in the U.S., Public Records Index, 1950–1993, Volume 1". search.ancestrylibrary.com.
- ↑ Kraus, Chris (2017). After Kathy Acker. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 9781635900064. Iliwekwa mnamo Januari 12, 2018.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Kraus, Chris (Agosti 11, 2017). "'Cancer Became My Whole Brain': Kathy Acker's Final Year". The New Yorker.
{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Turner, Jenny (Oktoba 19, 2017), "Literary Friction", London Review of Books, 39 (20): 9–14
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Kathy Acker | American author". Encyclopedia Britannica (kwa Kiingereza). Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-04-30.
- ↑ "Kathy Acker, Novelist and Performance Artist, 53". The New York Times. Desemba 3, 1997. Iliwekwa mnamo Agosti 5, 2017.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Turner, Jenny (Oktoba 18, 2017). "Literary Friction". London Review of Books. 39 (20). Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-09-07.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Stratton, Jon (2008). Jewish Identity in Western Pop Culture: The Holocaust and Trauma Through Modernity. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan. uk. 97. ISBN 978-1349372614.
- ↑ Kraus, Chris (2017). After Kathy Acker. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 9781635900064. Iliwekwa mnamo Februari 6, 2018.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Laing, Olivia (Agosti 31, 2017). "After Kathy Acker by Chris Kraus review – sex, art and a life of myths". theguardian.com.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Kathy Acker: Critical Essays". eNotes.com.
- ↑ "The Killers". San Francisco State University. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2022-02-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-09-07.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Kathy Acker's Art of Identity Theft". The New Yorker (kwa American English). 2022-11-28. Iliwekwa mnamo 2022-11-28.
- ↑ "Littoral Madness" (PDF). MayDay Rooms. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2020-06-27. Iliwekwa mnamo 2020-07-26.
- ↑ Wynne-Jones, Ros (Septemba 13, 1997). "Interview: Kathy Acker: Written on the Body". The Independent. Iliwekwa mnamo Agosti 12, 2017.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Kraus, Chris (Novemba 9, 2017). "Kathy Acker's Blood And Guts in High School". The Paris Review.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gumport, Elizabeth (Aprili 2015). "Portrait of an I". Bookforum (kwa American English). Iliwekwa mnamo 2024-02-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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