Karen Armstrong
Karen Armstrong (alizaliwa 14 Novemba 1944) ni mwandishi na mchambuzi wa Uingereza anayejulikana kwa vitabu vyake kuhusu dini linganishi. Alianza maisha kama mtawa wa Kanisa Katoliki lakini baadaye aliacha utawa na kukumbatia Ukristo wenye msimamo huria na kiroho zaidi.
Alisoma Chuo cha St Anne’s, Oxford, ambapo alihitimu masomo ya Kiingereza. Mnamo 1969 aliacha utawa na kuanza safari mpya ya utafiti wa dini. Kazi zake zimekuwa zikisisitiza mambo yanayoshirikiana kati ya dini kubwa duniani, hasa huruma na Kanuni ya Dhahabu: “Tenda kwa wengine kama unavyotaka kutendewa.” Mwaka 2008 alishinda Tuzo ya TED na fedha zake zilitumika kuanzisha Hati ya Huruma mwaka 2009.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Maisha binafsi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Armstrong alizaliwa Wildmoor, Worcestershire, katika familia ya asili ya Ireland, kisha wakahamia Bromsgrove na Birmingham. Mnamo 1962 akiwa na miaka 17 alijiunga na shirika la kitawa la Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus alipokaa kwa miaka saba. Anasema alipitia mateso ya kimwili na kisaikolojia, kama kuadhibiwa kwa mijeledi na kulazimishwa kuvaa mnyororo wenye miiba. Pia alilazimishwa kufanya kazi za kushona bila sindano kwa wiki mbili alipoongea bila ruhusa. Baada ya kuwa mtawa kamili, alijiunga na Chuo cha St Anne’s, Oxford, kusomea Kiingereza, lakini aliacha utawa mwaka 1969.
Alianzisha utafiti wa DPhil kuhusu Alfred Tennyson, lakini tasnifu yake ilikataliwa na hakuiendeleza. Katika kipindi hicho alipata changamoto za kiafya kutokana na ugonjwa wa kifafa, na aliishi na familia ya Hart akisaidia kumtunza mtoto wao. Armstrong hajawahi kuolewa na sasa hujieleza zaidi kama “Mkonfusio” badala ya mfuasi wa dini ya Mungu mmoja.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Thorpe, Vanessa (2 Oktoba 2010). "Karen Armstrong: The compassionate face of religion". The Guardian.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Schulson, Michael (23 Novemba 2014). "Karen Armstrong on Sam Harris and Bill Maher: "It fills me with despair, because this is the sort of talk that led to the concentration camps"". Salon. Iliwekwa mnamo 7 Juni 2018.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Armstrong, Karen (2005). Through A Narrow Gate: A Memoir of Spiritual Discovery (tol. la Revised). Macmillan. ku. 7. ISBN 0-312-34095-8.
- ↑ McGrath, Alister (2006). "Spirituality and well-being: some recent discussions". Brain. 129 (1): 278–282. doi:10.1093/brain/awh719.
- ↑ Stanford, Peter (5 Aprili 2004). "The runaway nun". New Statesman. Iliwekwa mnamo 16 Agosti 2019.
{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Bunting, Madeleine (6 Oktoba 2007). "A question of faith". TheGuardian.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Quinn, Sally (29 Machi 2006). "A Historian's Faithful Account Once Rejecting Religion, Karen Armstrong Now Sees It as a Guidepost". The Washington Post. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Juni 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Bitting, Diane (17 Aprili 2018). "How Karen Armstrong became a 'freelance monotheist'". LNP. Iliwekwa mnamo 26 Juni 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Desert Island Discs, February 12, 2006: Karen Armstrong". BBC Radio 4 Website. Iliwekwa mnamo 9 Aprili 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Turkovich, Marilyn. "Karen Armstrong". Charter for Compassion (kwa Kiingereza (Uingereza)). Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2019-03-22. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-04-30.
- ↑ Karen Armstrong delivers the 2007 MUIS lecture Archived 19 Machi 2014 at the Wayback Machine, muis.gov.sg
- ↑ "Voices on Antisemitism interview with Karen Armstrong". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 5 Julai 2007. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 15 Februari 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Karen Armstrong Speaker Profile at The Lavin Agency, thelavinagency.com. Archived 17 Mei 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "TEDPrize 2008 Winner :: Karen Armstrong". TEDPrize Website. Iliwekwa mnamo 19 Machi 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "The Charter for Compassion". Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 10 Mei 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑
Chapman, Glenn (12 Novemba 2009). "Online call for religions to embrace compassion". Agence France-Presse. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 17 Aprili 2010. Iliwekwa mnamo 12 Novemba 2009.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Last Chance to Buy Your Tickets to MPAC Media Awards Gala on Sunday, 1 June". Muslim Public Affairs Council. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 22 Mei 2012. Iliwekwa mnamo 25 Desemba 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Karen Armstrong". Westar Institute. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 14 Novemba 2011. Iliwekwa mnamo 25 Desemba 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Karen Armstrong". Bill Moyers Journal. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 13 Machi 2009. Iliwekwa mnamo 25 Desemba 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "The Selective Compassion of Karen Armstrong | Joe Carter". First Things (kwa Kiingereza). 16 Novemba 2009. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2019-06-23. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-06-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Ibrahim, Raymond (2007-05-07). "Islamic Apologetics". National Review (kwa American English). Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-06-23.
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