Henry VIII wa Uingereza

Mfalme Henri VIII alivyochorwa na Hans Holbein the Younger, Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, Uingereza.

Henry VIII (28 Juni 1491 – 28 Januari 1547) alikuwa mfalme wa Uingereza kuanzia tarehe 21 Aprili 1509 hadi kifo chake. Ni wa pili kutoka nasaba ya Tudor, akimfuata baba yake, Henry VII.

Maisha na matukio

Wake sita wa Henry VIII
(kufuatana na mwaka wa ndoa)

Katarina wa Aragon
(1509–1533)

Anne Boleyn
(1533–1536)

Jane Seymour
(1536–1537)

Anne of Cleves
(1540)

Catherine Howard
(1540–1542)

Catherine Parr
(1543–1547)

Henry anajulikana hasa kwa kuoa wanawake sita, mmoja baada ya mwingine, na hasa kwa juhudi zake za kubatilisha ndoa yake ya kwanza na Katerina wa Aragona zilizomfanya hatimaye atenganishe Kanisa la Uingereza na Papa, akijifanya mkuu wa Kanisa. Pamoja na kutengwa na Kanisa Katoliki kwa sababu hiyo, aliendelea kusadiki mafundisho yake.

Katika masuala ya ndani, Henry alijulikana kwa kubadilisha sana katiba ya nchi, akizidisha mamlaka yake mwenyewe. Waliopinga walishutumiwa kama wasaliti na mara nyingi kuhukumiwa adhabu ya kifo, akiwemo waziri mkuu Thomas More.

Matumizi yake yalikuwa makubwa mno, kwa ajili ya fahari na vita, hivi kwamba pesa nyingi alizofaulu kujipatia kwa kuteka mali ya monasteri na kuzuia kodi iliyokuwa inalipwa awali kwa Papa, hazikumtosha kamwe.

Aliunganisha Uingereza na Wales akawa pia mfalme wa kwanza wa Uingereza kushika nafasi ya mfalme wa Ireland.

Mwanzoni wengi walipendezwa naye, lakini baadaye alizidi kunenepa, afya yake ilitetereka, na hata nafsi yake ilivurugika na kumfanya mzinzi, mkatili, mwoga.

Baada yake alitawala mwanae Edward VI.

Marejeo

• Arnold, Thomas (2001). The Renaissance at War. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35270-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ashley, Mike (2002). British Kings & Queens. Running Press. ISBN 0-7867-1104-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ashrafian, Hutan (2011). "Henry VIII's Obesity Following Traumatic Brain Injury". Endocrine. 42 (1): 218–9. doi:10.1007/s12020-011-9581-z. PMID 22169966. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bernard, G. W. (2005). The King's Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church. ISBN 978-0-300-10908-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Betteridge, Thomas (2005). "The Henrician Reformation and Mid-Tudor Culture". Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. 35 (1): 91–109. doi:10.1215/10829636-35-1-91. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Betteridge, Thomas; Freeman, Thomas S. (2012). Henry VIII in History. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4094-6113-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Brigden, Susan (2000). New Worlds, Lost Worlds. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-014826-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Chibi, Andrew A. (1997). "Richard Sampson, His Oratio, and Henry VIII's Royal Supremacy". Journal of Church and State. 39 (3): 543–560. doi:10.1093/jcs/39.3.543. ISSN 0021-969X. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Churchill, Winston (1966). The New World. History of the English Speaking Peoples. Juz. la 2. Cassell and Company. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Crofton, Ian (2006). The Kings and Queens of England. Quercus Books. ISBN 978-1-84724-141-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cruz, Anne J.; Suzuki, Mihoko (2009). The Rule of Women in Early Modern Europe. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07616-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Davies, Jonathan (2005). "'We Do Fynde in Our Countre Great Lack of Bowes and Arrows': Tudor Military Archery and the Inventory of King Henry VIII". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 83 (333): 11–29. ISSN 0037-9700. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Elton, G. R. (1962) [1953]. The Tudor Revolution in Government: Administrative Changes in the Reign of Henry VIII (tol. la Revised). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09235-7.
• Elton, G. R. (1977). Reform and Reformation: England, 1509–1558. Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-5952-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasure of Royal Scandals. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-7394-2025-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Fraser, Antonia (1994). The Wives of Henry VIII. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-73001-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Guicciardini, Francesco (1968). Alexander, Sidney (mhr.). The History of Italy. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00800-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Gunn, Steven (1991). "Tournaments and Early Tudor Chivalry". History Today. 41 (6): 543–560. ISSN 0018-2753. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Guy, John (1997). The Tudor monarchy. Arnold Publishers. ISBN 978-0-340-65219-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Guy, John A. (2000). The Tudors: a Very Short Introduction. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Harrison, William; Edelen, Georges (1995) [1557]. The Description of England: Classic Contemporary Account of Tudor Social Life. Dover Publications Inc. ISBN 978-0-486-28275-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hays, J. N. (2010). The Burdens of Disease: Epidemics and Human Response in Western History. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-4613-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hart, Kelly (2009). The Mistresses of Henry VIII (tol. la 1). The History Press. ISBN 0-7524-4835-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hall, Edward (1904). The Triumphant Reign of Henry VIII. T.C. & E.C. Jack. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Haigh, Christopher (1993). English Reformations: Religion, Politics, and Society under the Tudors. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-822162-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hibbert, Christopher; Weinreb, Ben; Keay, Julia; Keay, John (2010). The London Encyclopaedia (tol. la 3). ISBN 978-1-4050-4925-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hutchinson, Robert (2012). Young Henry: The Rise of Henry VIII. Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-250-01261-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ives, Eric (2005). The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn: 'The Most Happy'. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4051-3463-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ives, Eric (2006). "Will the Real Henry VIII Please Stand Up?". History Today. 56 (2): 28–36. ISSN 0018-2753. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lehmberg, Stanford E. (1970). The Reformation Parliament, 1529–1536. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07655-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lipscomb, Suzannah (2009). Who was Henry?. Juz. la 59. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Loades, David (2009). Henry VIII: Court, Church and Conflict. The National Archives. ISBN 978-1-905615-42-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Meyer, G. J. (2010). The Tudors: The Complete Story of England's Most Notorious Dynasty. Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0-385-34076-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Morris, T.A. (1999). Tudor Government. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-98167-2. Iliwekwa mnamo 20 Machi 2013. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Pollard, A. F. (1905). Henry VIII. Longmans, Green & Company. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rex, Richard (1996). "The Crisis of Obedience: God's Word and Henry's Reformation". The Historical Journal. 39 (4): 863–894. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00024687. JSTOR 2639860. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Scarisbrick, J. J. (1968). Henry VIII. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01130-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Scarisbrick, J. J. (1997). Henry VIII (tol. la 2). Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07158-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Smith, Lacey Baldwin (1971). Henry VIII: the Mask of Royalty. ISBN 978-0-89733-056-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Starkey, David (2003). Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII. Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-0-7011-7298-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Starkey, David (2008). Henry: Virtuous Prince. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-728783-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Stöber, Karen (2007). Late Medieval Monasteries and Their Patrons: England and Wales, C.1300–1540. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-284-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Thomas, Andrea (2005). Princelie Majestie: The Court of James V of Scotland 1528–1542. John Donald Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85976-611-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Thurley, Simon (1993). The Royal Palaces of Tudor England. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05420-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Weir, Alison (1991). The Six Wives of Henry VIII. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3683-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Weir, Alison (2002). Henry VIII: The King and His Court. Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN 0-345-43708-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Whitley, Catrina Banks; Kramer, Kyra (2010). "A New Explanation for the Reproductive Woes and Midlife Decline of Henry VIII". The Historical Journal. 52 (4): 827. doi:10.1017/S0018246X10000452. ISSN 0018-246X. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Wilkinson, Josephine (2009). Mary Boleyn: the True Story of Henry VIII's Favourite Mistress (tol. la 2). Amberley Publishing. ISBN 0-300-07158-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Williams, James (2005). "Hunting and the Royal Image of Henry VIII". Sport in History. 25 (1): 41–59. doi:10.1080/17460260500073082. ISSN 1746-0263. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Williams, Neville (1971). Henry VIII and his Court. Macmillan Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-02-629100-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Marejeo mengine

Maisha

• Bowle, John (1964). Henry VIII: a Study of Power in Action. Little, Brown and Company.
• Erickson, Carolly (1984). Mistress Anne: the Exceptional Life of Anne Boleyn.
• Cressy, David (1982). "Spectacle and Power: Apollo and Solomon at the Court of Henry VIII". History Today. 32 (Oct): 16–22. ISSN 0018-2753.
• Gardner, James (1903). "Henry VIII". Cambridge Modern History. Juz. la 2. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 2011-04-08. Iliwekwa mnamo 2017-02-13. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
• Graves, Michael (2003). Henry VIII'.
• Ives, E. W (2004). "Henry VIII (1491–1547)". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.
• Rex, Richard (1993). Henry VIII and the English Reformation.
• Ridley, Jasper (1985). Henry VIII.
• Starkey, David (2002). The Reign of Henry VIII: Personalities and Politics. Random House. ISBN 978-0-09-944510-4.
• Starkey, David; Doran, Susan (2009). Henry VIII: Man and Monarch. British Library Publishing Division. ISBN 978-0-7123-5025-9.
• Tytler, Patrick Fraser (1837). "Life of King Henry the Eighth". Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. Iliwekwa mnamo 17 Agosti 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Weir, Alison (1996). The Children of Henry VIII.

Utafiti wa kitaalamu

• Bernard, G. W. (1986). War, Taxation, and Rebellion in Early Tudor England: Henry VIII, Wolsey, and the Amicable Grant of 1525.
• Bernard, G. W. (1998). "The Making of Religious Policy, 1533–1546: Henry VIII and the Search for the Middle Way". Historical Journal. 41 (2): 321–349. doi:10.1017/S0018246X98007778. ISSN 0018-246X. JSTOR 2640109.
• Bush, M. L. (2007). "The Tudor Polity and the Pilgrimage of Grace". Historical Research. 80 (207): 47–72. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.2006.00351.x. ISSN 0950-3471.
• Coleman, Christoper; Starkey, David, whr. (1986). Revolution Reassessed: Revision in the History of Tudor Government and Administration.
• Doran, Susan (2009). The Tudor Chronicles: 1485 - 1603. Sterling Publishing. ku. 78–203. ISBN 978-1-4351-0939-1.
• Fox, Alistair; Guy, John, whr. (1986). Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics and Reform 1500–1550.
• Guy, John. The Children of Henry VIII (Oxford University Press; 2013) 258 pages; traces the lives of Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I, and Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond.
• Head, David M. (1982). "Henry VIII's Scottish Policy: a Reassessment". Scottish Historical Review. 61 (1): 1–24. ISSN 0036-9241.
• Head, David M. (1997). "'If a Lion Knew His Own Strength': the Image of Henry VIII and His Historians". International Social Science Review. 72 (3–4): 94–109. ISSN 0278-2308.
• Hoak, Dale (2005). "Politics, Religion and the English Reformation, 1533–1547: Some Problems and Issues". History Compass (3). ISSN 1478-0542.
• Lindsey, Karen (1995). Divorced, Beheaded, Survived: A Feminist Reinterpretation of the Wives of Henry VIII. Reading, MA., US: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. ISBN 0-201-60895-2.
• MacCulloch, Diarmaid, mhr. (1995). The Reign of Henry VIII: Politics, Policy, and Piety.
• Marshall, Peter (2009). (Re)defining the English Reformation. Juz. la 48. ku. 564–85. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
• Mackie, J. D. (1952). The Earlier Tudors, 1485–1558.
• Maloney, William J. (2015). Diseases, Disorders and Diagnoses of Historical Individuals. Anaphora Literary Press. ISBN 978-1-68114-193-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Moorhouse, Geoffrey (2003). The Pilgrimage of Grace: the Rebellion That Shook Henry VIII's Throne. Phoenix. ISBN 978-1-84212-666-0.
• Moorhouse, Geoffrey (2007). Great Harry's Navy: How Henry VIII Gave England Seapower.
• Moorhouse, Geoffrey (2009). The Last Divine Office: Henry VIII and the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
• Slavin, Arthur J, mhr. (1968). Henry VIII and the English Reformation.
• Smith, H. Maynard (1948). Henry VIII and the Reformation.
• Thurley, Simon (1991). "Palaces for a Nouveau Riche King". History Today. 41 (6).
• Trollope, William (1874). A practical and historical commentary on the liturgy and ritual of the Church of England: with examination questions. J. Hall.
• Wagner, John A. (2003). Bosworth Field to Bloody Mary: An Encyclopedia of the Early Tudors. ISBN 1-57356-540-7.
• Walker, Greg (2005). Writing under Tyranny: English Literature and the Henrician Reformation.
• Wernham, Richard Bruce. Before the Armada: the growth of English foreign policy, 1485-1588 (1966), a standard history of foreign policy

Vyanzo

• Williams, C. M. A. H. English Historical Documents, 1485–1558 (1996)
• Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII: preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum and elsewhere, volume 1 edited by John S. Brewer, Robert H. Brodie, James Gairdner. (1862); full text online vol 1; full text vol 3 See also Letters & Papers, Henry VIII, 21 vols., at British History Online,
• Nicolas, Nicholas Harris, ed., The Privy Purse Expences of Henry VIII, 1529–1532, Pickering, London (1827)
• Martin Luther to Henry VIII, 1 September 1525
• Henry VIII to Martin Luther. August 1526
• Henry VIII to Frederic, John, and George, Dukes of Saxony. January. 20, 1523 re: Luther.

Viungo vya nje

• media kuhusu Henry VIII of England pa Wikimedia Commons
• [[scores:Category:{{{id}}}|Henry VIII wa Uingereza]] ame orodheshwa katika International Music Score Library Project

• Free scores by Henry VIII wa Uingereza katika Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
• Works by Henry VIII wa Uingereza katika Project Gutenberg
• Portraits of Henry VIII Ilihifadhiwa 12 Desemba 2018 kwenye Wayback Machine.

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