Angiospermae
Angiospermae (yaani mimea inayochanua maua; kwa Kiingereza: angiosperms[1][2]; pia Magnoliophyta) ndilo kundi kubwa zaidi la mimea ya nchi kavu (Embryophyte) likiwa na oda 64, familia 416, jenasi 13,000 na spishi zinazojulikana 300,000 hivi.[3]
Mimea inayochanua ya zamani zaidi ilipatikana miaka milioni 160 iliyopita hivi.
Tanbihi[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- ↑ Lindley, J (1830). Introduction to the Natural System of Botany. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, xxxvi.
- ↑ Cantino, Philip D.; Doyle, James A.; Graham, Sean W.; Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon 56 (3): E1–E44. .
- ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201–217. . http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598.
Marejeo[hariri | hariri chanzo]
- APG (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141 (4): 399–436.
.
- APG (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121.
. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract. Retrieved 2010-12-10.
- APG (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20.
.
- Becker, Kenneth M. (February 1973). "A Comparison of Angiosperm Classification Systems". Taxon 22 (1): 19–50.
.
- [1991] (2008) Plant Form. An Illustrated Guide to Flowering Plant Morphology. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-850-1.
- Bell, C.D.; Soltis, D.E.; Soltis, P.S. (2010). "The Age and Diversification of the Angiosperms Revisited". American Journal of Botany 97 (8): 1296–1303.
. .
- Chase, Mark W.; Reveal, James L. (2009). "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 122–127.
.
- Cromie, William J. (December 16, 1999). "Oldest Known Flowering Plants Identified By Genes". Harvard University Gazette.
- Cronquist, Arthur (October 1960). "The divisions and classes of plants". The Botanical Review 26 (4): 425–482.
.
- Cronquist, Arthur (1981). An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03880-5.
- Dahlgren, R. M. T. (February 1980). "A revised system of classification of the angiosperms". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 80 (2): 91–124.
.
- Dahlgren, Rolf (February 1983). "General aspects of angiosperm evolution and macrosystematics". Nordic Journal of Botany 3 (1): 119–149.
.
- Dilcher, D. (2000). "Toward a new synthesis: Major evolutionary trends in the angiosperm fossil record". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 (13): 7030–7036.
. . .
- Angiosperm (8 March 2016). Iliwekwa mnamo 31 January 2017.
- Heywood, V. H., Brummitt, R. K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. (2007). Flowering Plant Families of the World. Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
- Hill, Christopher; Crane, Peter (January 1982). "Evolutionary Cladistics and the origin of Angiosperms". Problems of Phylogenetic Reconstruction. Special Volumes. 21. London: Systematics Association. pp. 269–361.
. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275374707.
- (2004) Flowering plant embryology with emphasis on economic species. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub.. ISBN 9780470752678.
- (2004) Angiosperms. New Delhi: Discovery. ISBN 9788171417889. Retrieved on 7 January 2016.
- Raven, P.H., R.F. Evert, S.E. Eichhorn. Biology of Plants, 7th Edition. W.H. Freeman. 2004
- Sattler, R. 1973. Organogenesis of Flowers. A Photographic Text-Atlas. University of Toronto Press.
- Simpson, Michael G. (2010). Plant Systematics, 2nd, Academic Press. ISBN 9780080922089.
- Soltis, Pamela S; Soltis, Douglas E (April 2016). "Ancient WGD events as drivers of key innovations in angiosperms". Current Opinion in Plant Biology 30: 159–165.
. .
- Takhtajan, A. (June 1964). "The Taxa of the Higher Plants above the Rank of Order". Taxon 13 (5): 160–164.
.
- Takhtajan, A. (July–September 1980). "Outline of the Classification of Flowering Plants (Magnoliophyta)". Botanical Review 46 (3): 225–359.
.
- Zeng, Liping; Zhang, Qiang; Sun, Renran; Kong, Hongzhi; Zhang, Ning; Ma, Hong (24 September 2014). "Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times". Nature Communications 5 (4956): 4956.
. . .
Viungo vya nje[hariri | hariri chanzo]
media kuhusu Magnoliophyta pa Wikimedia Commons- Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster – Flowering Plant Systematics (2017).
- The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval (1992). Jalada kutoka ya awali juu ya 2014-08-02. Iliwekwa mnamo 2019-07-21.
media kuhusu 
|
Makala hii kuhusu mmea fulani bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Angiospermae kama uainishaji wake wa kibiolojia, uenezi au matumizi yake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |